Letters of Construction and Signification in the Arabic Language and their Significance

The Arabs had a deep understanding of the secrets of the Arabic language and its signification. Some books have documented the division of speech into nouns, verbs, and particles, as transmitted from Ali ibn Abi Talib (may Allah be pleased with him) (Al-Qifti, 1986). Abu al-Aswad al-Du'ali also had knowledge of the rules of case endings and grammatical inflections Arabic movements, especially among the early scholars of Arabic. They delved into the study of letters and linguistic articles, and some of them dedicated specific books to the topic of letters. One of the earliest of these books is "Kitab al-Huruf" by Khalil ibn Ahmad al-Farahidi (al-Farahidi, 1918). While grammarians and interpreters wrote their observations and opinions about letters within their general discussions, a group of them recognized the importance of this field of study and felt the need to compile independent books dedicated to it. Al-Zajjaji authored his book "Al-Lamat" and Al-Harawi wrote "Al-Azhhiyah fi 'Ilm al-Huruf," among others. Through these efforts, this field of study progressed towards independence and maturity. The researcher of this study followed a descriptive and analytical approach to address the subject, clarifying the types of letters in terms of construction and signification as they appear in the Arabic sources. The researcher explained their scientific aspects, analyzed their types, and discussed their application in Arabic sentence structures, elucidating their characteristics and features. One of the most important findings of the researcher is that letters have a significant impact on changing the signification within a sentence. Additionally, letters provide another dimension that can be understood from the context of the text. Furthermore, it was discovered that there are books dedicated solely to studying letters due to their importance in the Arabic language. The researcher recommends dedicating research papers, books, and studies to the field of letters in order to enrich the Arabic language in this field. It is also recommended to study these letters in the Qur'an to gain further understanding of the purposes behind the words of Allah.