Journal Screenshot

International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences

Open Access Journal

ISSN: 2222-6990

The Differences in Ethnic and Gender on Communication Styles among Public University Students in Klang Valley, Malaysia

Syasya Firzana Azmi, Aini Azeqa Ma’rof, Haslinda Abdullah, Zeinab Zarimohzzabeih

http://dx.doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v13-i16/18766

Open access

Understanding the differences in ethnic and gender communication styles in the Malaysian context is crucial for fostering inclusive and effective communication, promoting cultural sensitivity, and reducing potential biases or misunderstandings that may hinder successful interpersonal interactions. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to determine the differences in communication styles between gender and ethnic group among public university students in Klang Valley, Malaysia. 380 students have participated in this study involving three Malaysian public universities by stratified sampling. A self-administered questionnaire was used in collecting the data and it was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) by employing t-tests and correlations. The result shows that the Malay respondents perceive themselves as dramatic, open, and dominant meanwhile Chinese respondents perceive themselves as being attentive, animated, yet argumentative. Meanwhile, the differences in communication styles among gender show that female respondents perceive themselves as more dramatic, open, and dominant. Understanding the impact of gender and ethnic differences in communication styles within the Malaysian context promotes harmonious relationships, cultivates cultural empathy, and facilitates effective communication, leading to a more inclusive and cohesive society. This knowledge helps bridge cultural gaps, fosters mutual respect, and enables individuals to navigate diverse perspectives with sensitivity and understanding.

Al Ramiah, A., Hewstone, M., & Wolfer, R. (2017). Attitudes and Ethnoreligious Integration: Meeting the Challenge and Maximizing the Promise of Multicultural Malaysia. Retrieved from CIMB Foundation website https://www.cimbfoundation.com/clients/CIMB_Foundation_D894EB94-B114-4E11- 8175-EB426BB876F0/contentms/img/pdf/attitudes-and-%20ethnoreligiousintegration-survey-and-recommendations.pdf
Azlan, A. A. (2018). University students’ perceptions on inter-ethnic unity among Malaysians: Situational recognition, social self-construal and situational complexity. Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Publisher.
Azlan, A. A., Kee, C. P., & Abdullah, M. Y. (2018). University students’ perceptions on inter-ethnic Unity among Malaysians: Situational recognition, social self-construal and situational complexity. Journal of Communication: Malaysian Journal of Communication, 34(4), 134–153.
Balakrishnan, K. (2022). Influence of Cultural Dimensions on Intercultural Communication Styles: Ethnicity in a Moderating Role. Journal of Communication, Language and Culture, 2(1), 46–62.
Barnett, M. D., Maciel, I. V., Johnson, D. M., & Ciepluch, I. (2021). Social Anxiety and Perceived Social Support: Gender Differences and the Mediating Role of Communication Styles. Psychological Reports, 124(1), 70–87.
Chang, P. K., & Kho, S. N. (2017). A reflection of national integration process and the role of media in Malaysia. Communication Journal: Malaysian Journal of Communication, 33(1), 395–405.
Eagly, A. H., & Carli, L. L. (2007). Through the labyrinth: The truth about how women become leaders. Harvard Business Press, United States.
Eagly, A. H., & Wood, W. (2012). Social role theory. In P. A. M. Van Lange, A. W. Kruglanski, & E. T. Higgins (Eds.), Handbook of theories of social psychology. Sage Publications Ltd, United States.
Eagly, A. H., Wood, W., & Diekman, A. B. (2000). Social role theory of sex differences and similarities: A current appraisal. The developmental social psychology of gender. Erlbaum, New Jersey.
Franklin, A., Neves, B., Hookway, N., Patulny, R., Tranter, B., & Jaworski, K. (2019). Towards an understanding of loneliness among Australian men: Gender cultures, embodied expression and the social bases of belonging. Journal of sociology, 55(1), 124-143.
Ketab, S. M. G., Tamam, E., & Bolong, J. (2015). Impact of ethnocentrism on interethnic interactions among local students in Malaysian universities. Taylor’s Business Review, 5(1), 11-30.
Kim, H. S., & Markus, H. R. (2002). Freedom of speech and freedom of silence: An analysis of talking as a cultural practice. Engaging cultural differences: The multicultural challenge in liberal democracies, 432-452.
Kleshchina, A. V. (2018). Fundamental Methodological Approaches of Intercultural Research: an American Experience. KNE Publishing, London.
Korol, L. D. (2017). Is the association between multicultural personality and ethnic tolerance explained by cross-group friendship? Journal of General Psychology, 144(4), 264–282.
Krauss, S. E., Hamzah, A., Ismail, I. A., Suandi, T., Hamzah, S. R. A., Dahalan, D., & Idris, F. (2014). Parenting, community, and religious predictors of positive and negative developmental outcomes among Muslim adolescents. Youth & Society, 46(2), 201-227.
Leaper, C., & Ayres, M. M. (2007). A Meta-Analytic Review of Gender Variations in Adults' Language Use: Talkativeness, Affiliative Speech, and Assertive Speech. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 11(4), 328–363.
Leaper, C., & Ayres, M. M. (2007). A meta-analytic review of gender variations in adults' language use: Talkativeness, affiliative speech, and assertive speech. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 11(4), 328-363.
Liu, L., & Zhang, Y. (2014). The Application of Constructivism to the Teaching of Intercultural Communication. English Language Teaching, 7(5), 136-141.
Lopez-Zafra, E., & Gartzia, L. (2014). Perceptions of gender differences in self-report measures of emotional intelligence. Sex roles, 70, 479-495.
Matsumoto, D., & Juang, L. (2016). Culture and psychology. Cengage Learning, London.
Merkin, R. S. (2009). Cross-cultural Differences in Approach-Avoidance Communication in South Korea and the US. Human Communication, 12(2), 199-213.
Mitin, S., Shukshina, L., Bazhdanova, Y., Koretskaya, I., & Vasyakin, B. (2017). Value and meaning attitudes as a factor of forming tolerant ethnic consciousness in the multicultural milieu of a higher education institution. Eurasian Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 12(7), 1193-1200.
Noraini, M. N., Nur Diana, A.R, & Muhammad Idlam Afiq, M. Z. (2018). Gratitude, Gratitude Intervention and Well-being in Malaysia. The Journal of Behavioural Science, 13(2), 1-18.
Nordin, N. M., Razak, M. A., Muda, T. S. T., & Hisham, A. I. I. (2017). The unity of multiracial students in the core subject in Universiti Malaysia Pahang. MALIM Southeast Asian (SEA) Journal of General Studies, 18, 43–50.
Othman, I. W., Esa, M. S., Abu Bakar, A. L., & Mokhtar, S. A. (2021). The Relevance of Knowledge of Nationhood in Malaysian Studies Courses: A Conveyance for National Unity Identity and The Integration of University Students' Self-Identity Post-Pandemic Covid-19 Era. Journal of Information System and Technology Management, 6(23), 01-20.
Park, H. (2012). Mapping the Chinese and Islamic worlds: cross-cultural exchange in pre-modern Asia. Cambridge University Press, United Kingdom.
Richmond, V. P., & McCroskey, J. C. (2012). Power in the classroom: Communication, control, and concern. Routledge, United Kingdom.
Simcox, D. E., & Hodgson, R. W. (2019). Strategies in intercultural communication for natural resource agencies. In Culture, conflict, and communication in the wildland-urban interface (pp. 123-134). Routledge, United Kingdom.
Tamam, E., & Krauss, S. E. (2017). Ethnic-related diversity engagement differences in intercultural sensitivity among Malaysian undergraduate students. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth, 22(2), 137-150.
Tamam, E., & Waheed, M. (2017). Intercultural communication study in Malaysia. The International Encyclopedia of Intercultural Communication, 1-10.
Thomas, A., and Chess, S. (1981). 'The role of temperament in the contributions of individuals to their development'. In: R.M. Lerner and N.A. Busch-Rossnagel (eds.), Individuals as producers of their development: a life-span perspective. Academic Press, New York.
Thompson, B., Kluwe, K., & Allen, B. (2021). Gender differences in language use: An analysis of 14,000 text samples. Discourse Processes, 58(5-6), 434–450.
Ting-Toomey, S., & Kurogi, A. (1998). Facework competence in intercultural conflict: An updated face-negotiation theory. International journal of intercultural relations, 22(2), 187-225.
Tregubova, T. M., Kozlov, V. E., & Kats, A. S. (2019). Discourse on students’ participation in international projects on inter-ethnic tolerance formation in multicultural environment. Journal of Siberian Federal University, 12(2), 261-274.
Zakaria, N. (2017). Intercultural communication, Paradigm Journal, 13(1), 350-366.

N/A