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From the probing done to a total of seven published research works plus one report issued by an NGO, it may be concluded that the 1MDB causes raised in Part I and the present Part II do not differ at all except in how some of the causes are identified as. There appears to be similarities too in treating some of the causes which are probably symptoms as the main or primary causes. Also, many are concerned with similar causes to the neglect of other possible causes. And as far as the root causes are concerned, it may be concluded that they are as follows: the decadent leadership at the very top; the unhealthy political and social culture; the debilitating public governance; the deficient global financial system plus the lacking in integrity of the so called facilitators working at the international arena; and, last but certainly not the least, the style of followership within a political party or level of submissiveness within the civil service or for that matter the kind of citizenry found within the country.
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(Ali, 2023)
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