ISSN: 2222-6990
Open access
Group work is frequently practised in academic classes as it offers students opportunities to discuss ideas. Typically, group work involves such activities as brainstorming, planning, and exchanging opinions. Since more learning sessions have gone virtual these days, group work has also shifted to online platforms. Therefore, Tuckman’s model of small group development is considered relevant to the issue under discussion. The present study was conducted based on the main objective of examining to what extent the stages of small group development have effects on group interaction. Designed as quantitative research, this study utilized a questionnaire developed based on Tuckman’s model which consisted of five sections. The questionnaire was distributed to 105 respondents who were enrolled in English language classes at a public university in Malaysia. In general, the results indicated that students had positive interactions throughout the four stages of group work. Through this study, it is evident that Tuckman’s model is feasible to investigate how students interact with their group members from the initial to the final stage. It also proves that positive interaction between students is crucial in achieving a positive result in group work.
Abd Samad, S., Md Shahid, K., Ghazali, M., Hussain, S. S. H., Krishnan, D., Yaakob, A. F.,
& Rahmat, N. H. (2023). A study of relationship of factors in Tuckman Model. https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v13-i6/17185
Aquino, J. F., Riss, R. R., Multerer, S. M., Mogilner, L. N., & Turner, T. L. (2022). A
step-by-step guide for mentors to facilitate team building and communication in virtual teams. Medical Education Online, 27(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/10872981.2022.2094529
Arumugam, N., Rafik-Galea, S., de Mello, G., & Dass, L. C. (2013). Cultural influences on
group learning in an ESL classroom. Review of European Studies, 5(2), 81–89. https://doi.org/10.5539/res.v5n2p81
Azhar, N., Ahmad, W. F. W., Ahmad, R., & Bakar, Z. A. (2021). Factors affecting the
acceptance of online learning among the urban poor: A case study of Malaysia. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(18). https://doi.org/10.3390/su131810359
Betts, S., & Healy, W. (2015). Having a ball catching on to teamwork: An experiential
learning approach to teaching the phases of group development. Academy of Educational Leadership Journal, 19(2), 1–9. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/305380247
Bonebright, D. A. (2010). 40 years of storming: A historical review of Tuckman’s model of
small group development. Human Resource Development International, 13(1), 111–120. https://doi.org/10.1080/13678861003589099
Chang, B., & Kang, H. (2016). Challenges facing group work online. Distance Education,
37(1), 73–88. https://doi.org/10.1080/01587919.2016.1154781
Darko, E. N. K. O., & Wang, X. (2021). Research on the influence of collaborative
learning among Bachelor of Education (Management) students in University of Cape Coast, Ghana. Open Journal of Business and Management, 9(6), 2816-2833.
Galton, M., Hargreaves, L., & Pell, T. (2009). Group work and whole-class teaching with 11-
to 14-years-olds compared. Cambridge Journal of Education, 39, 119-140.
Ghavifekr, S. (2020). Collaborative learning: A key to enhance students’ social
interaction skills. Malaysian Online Journal of Educational Sciences, 8(4), 9-21.
Griffiths, A., Alsip, J., Hart, S. R., Round, R. L., & Brady, J. (2021). Together we can do so
much: A systematic review and conceptual framework of collaboration in schools. Canadian Journal of School Psychology, 36(1), https://doi.org/10.1177/0829573520915368
Ibrahim, N., Mahat, A., Ahmad, N. I. S., Zakaria, N., & Rahmat, N. H. (2023). An
investigation of group dynamics in mixed mode classes among undergraduates. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 13(6). https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v13-i6/17110
Jafar, A., Dollah, R., Mittal, P., Idris, A., Kim, J. E., Abdullah, M. S., Joko, E. P., Tejuddin, D.
N. A., Sakke, N., Zakaria, N. S., Mapa, M. T., & Vun Hung, C. (2023). Readiness and challenges of e-learning during the COVID-19 pandemic era: A space analysis in Peninsular Malaysia. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20020905
Johnson, D. W., Johnson, R. T., Holubec, E. J., & Roy, P. (1984). Circles of learning.
Cooperation in the classroom. Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development. Washington.
Johnson, D. W., Johnson, R. T., & Smith, K. (2007). The state of cooperative learning in
postsecondary and professional settings. Educational Psychology Review, 19, 15-29
Kamarudin, N. A., Fadhlullah, A., Md Ghazali, R., Mohd Sulaiman, Z., Othman, S., &
Rahmat, N. H. (2023). A study of relationship between variables in group behaviour among undergraduates. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 13(5). https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v13-i5/17046
Le, H., Janssen, J., & Wubbles, T. (2018). Collaborative learning practices: Teacher and
student perceived obstacles to effective student collaboration. Cambridge Journal of Education, 48(1), 103-122. https://doi.org/10.1080/0305764X.2016.1259389
Nematizadeh, S., & Cao, Y. (2023). Investigating willingness to communicate in
synchronous group discussion tasks: one step closer towards authentic communication. IRAL - International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching. https://doi.org/10.1515/iral-2022-0092
Qureshi, M. A., Khaskheli, A., Qureshi, J. A., Raza, S. A., & Yousufi, S. Q. (2021).
Factors affecting students’ learning performance through collaborative learning and engagement. Interactive Learning Environments, 31(4), 2371-2391.
Panitz, T., & Panitz, P. (1998). Encouraging the use of collaborative learning in higher
education, University Teaching: International Perspectives, 161-201.
Tuckman, B. W. (1965). Developmental sequence in small groups. Psychological Bulletin,
63(6), 384–399. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1037/h0022100
Toomaneejinda, A., & Harding, L. (2018). Disagreement practices in ELF academic group
discussion: Verbal, nonverbal and interactional strategies. Journal of English as a Lingua Franca, 7(2), 307–332. https://doi.org/10.1515/jelf-2018-0016
N/A
Copyright: © 2023 The Author(s)
Published by HRMARS (www.hrmars.com)
This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) license. Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article (for both commercial and non-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. The full terms of this license may be seen at: http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode