Issues related to the cost of living are deeply concerning for the younger generation, especially teenagers. The world has just entered a phase of recovery from the economic crisis caused by the pandemic. As a result, many sectors of the economy have been severely affected, leading to high unemployment rates worldwide. Given the escalating cost of living and limited job opportunities, entrepreneurship is seen as the best alternative to assist those affected in sustaining their livelihoods. The purpose of this systematic review is to examine the level of awareness, knowledge, and current trends among teenagers regarding entrepreneurship. The PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines were used for systematic literature search. Twelve (12) articles addressing the presented issue were identified. Based on these studies, various factors play a role in shaping teenagers' desire to pursue entrepreneurship as a future career. These factors are divided into two aspects: internal factors and external factors. Internal factors include self-efficacy, personality, motivation, and interest, while external factors encompass skills, knowledge, finances, role models, and social support. The findings of this study indicate that there are various factors and aspects to consider in nurturing entrepreneurial spirit among teenagers. Recommendations from this systematic literature review include conducting entrepreneurship studies focusing on teenagers from low-income family backgrounds or those at high-risk.
Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Journal Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Proceses, 179-211.
Agung, A., Mukhadis, A., Sutadji, E., & Purnomo, P. (2018). Entrepreneurship intent on vocational high school education: The growth of new entrepreneurs in Indonesia. In the International Conference on Indonesian Technical Vocational Education and Association (APTEKINDO 2018) (pp. 297-300). Atlantis Press.
Annisa, D. N., Tentama, F., & Bashori, K. (2021). The Role of Family Support and Internal Locus of Control in Entrepreneurial Intention of Vocational High School Students. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education, 10(2), 381-388.
Bandura, A. (2015). Social Learning Theory. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Hal
Davis, K., Drey, N., & Gould, D. (2019). What are scoping studies? A review of the nursing literature. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 90, 74-84.
Dyer, G. (1994). Toward a theory of entrepreneurial careers. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,19(2),7–21.
Francesko, M., Nedeljkovic, J., & Njegomir, V. (2022). Attitudes towards work, organizational values, and students’ sociodemographic characteristics as predictors of entrepreneurial orientation. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja, 35(1), 799-818.
Grundsten, H. (2004). Entrepreneurial intentions and the entrepreneurial environment: A study of technology-based new venture creation. (Doctoral dissertation). Helsinki University of Technology.
Hmieleski, K. M., & Carr, J. C. (2008). The relationship between entrepreneur psychological capital and well-being. Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research, 28(1), 1-14.
Jayath, T., & Mudalige, D. M. (2019). Entrepreneurial ambition of teenage students in Western province, Sri Lanka. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 25(11),30-40.
Kuratko, D. F. (2005). The emergence of entrepreneurship education: Development, trends and challenges. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 29(5), 577–597.
Liñán, F., Rodríguez-Cohard, J. C., & Rueda-Cantuche, J. M. (2011). Factors affecting entrepreneurial intention levels. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 7(2), 195-218.
Mohamad, R., & Othman, N. (2018). Korelasi efikasi kendiri keusahawanan dan kecenderungan keusahawanan pelajar pra-universiti. Akademika, 88(2), 59-69.
Mulyadi, M., Sohmen, V. S., & Yadav, R. (2021). Entrepreneurship and innovation in emerging markets: An analysis of Indonesia. Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 10(1), 16.
Nawang, W. M. Z. W., Mamat, I., & Sa’at, N. H. (2018). Hubungan antara faktor peramal dan kecenderungan kerjaya keusahawanan dalam kalangan ahli Program Tunas Niaga. Akademika, 88(3), 19-31.
Nawang, W. M., & Mamat, I. (2019). Faktor-faktor penentu kecenderungan keusahawanan dalam kalangan pelajar sekolah menengah. Akademika, 89(2), 50-63.
Ni, H., & Ye, Y. (2018). Entrepreneurship education matters: exploring secondary vocational school students’ entrepreneurial intentions in China. The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher, 27, 409-418.
Ode, J. O., Ayua, G. A., & Alabi, A. O. (2019). Towards enhancing the entrepreneurial skills of primary school pupils through creative teaching of basic science. In Proceedings of the Annual Conference on Creativity, Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education (pp. 1-11).
Patuelli, R., Santarelli, E., & Tubadji, A. (2020). Entrepreneurial intention among high-school students: the importance of parents, peers and neighbors. Eurasian Business Review, 10, 225-251.
Rahman, R.S.A.R.A., Othman, N., & Talkis, N.B.M. (2020). The influence of attitude, interest, teachers and peers on entrepreneurial career intention. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 8(11A), 78-88.
RezaeiZadeh, M., Hogan, M., O’Reilly, J., Cunningham, J., & Murphy, E. (2017). Core entrepreneurial competencies and their interdependencies: Insights from a study of Irish and Iranian entrepreneurs, university students and academics. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 13(1), 35–73.
Rodriguez, S., & Lieber, H. (2020). Relationship between entrepreneurship education, entrepreneurial mindset, and career readiness in secondary students. Journal of Experiential Education, 43(3), 277-298.
Selamat, M. N., Mokhtar, D. M. M., Subhi, N., Azazian, N. S., Razak, M. A. A., & Ahmad, R. (2023). Entrepreneurship Career Choice among B40 Young People: A Preliminary Study at Council Homes in The Klang Valley. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 13(6), 1068–1083.
Shane, S., & Venkataraman, S. (2000). The promise of entrepreneurship as a field of research. Academy of Management Review, 25(1), 217-226.
Shirokova, G., Bogatyreva, K., & Beliaeva, T. (2016). Entrepreneurial intentions in developing and developed countries. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 12(1), 219-236.
Suryana, Y., & Saleh, A. (2019). Entrepreneurial intention among university students in Indonesia. Journal of Entrepreneurship Education, 22(4), 1-8.
Tentama, F., & Abdussalam, F. (2020). Internal locus of control and entrepreneurial intention: A study on vocational high school students. Journal of Education and Learning (EduLearn), 14(1), 97-102.
Tentama, F., & Paputungan, T. H. (2019). Entrepreneurial Intention of Students Reviewed from Self-Efficacy and Family Support in Vocational High School. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education, 8(3), 557-562.
Zaidatol, A. L. P., Abd. Rahim, B., & Mohd, M. K. (2002). Pelaksanaan pendidikan keusahawanan di Malaysia: Kesan terhadap aspirasi keusahawanan pelajar. Jurnal Pertanika Sains Sosial dan Kemanusiaan, 10(1), 53-61.
Zaidatol, A. L. P., & Afsaneh, B. (2011). Malay student's entrepreneur attitude and entrepreneurial efficacy in Vocational and Technical Secondary School of Malaysia. Journal Pertanika Science Social and Humanity, 19(2), 433-447.
Zhao, H., Seibert, S. E., & Lumpkin, G. T. (2010). The relationship of personality to entrepreneurial intentions and performance: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Management, 36(2), 381-404.