ISSN: 2222-6990
Open access
Vocabulary acquisition and retention are two essential aspects that an English as Second Language (ESL) learner must acquire to master the four core skills of English, especially reading. One of the strategies that has been widely applied to improve vocabulary acquisition and retention is mnemonic strategy. Despite its wide use at enhancing reading skill, studies on the effectiveness of mnemonic strategies at improving reading skill among the ESL learners remains limited. Thus, this paper proposes a study to examine the effectiveness of mnemonic strategies and to determine the type of mnemonic strategy found to be effective in boosting vocabulary retention in ESL reading classes. This concept paper also proposes the conceptual framework, research methodology, data collection and analysis that are suitable to be employed in the study. Descriptive statistical analysis using SPSS software version 27 is propounded to calculate and analyse the data. A quantitative research employing questionnaire and tests will be used in this proposed study. The recommended participants for this study are 120 ESL primary pupils who will be selected through convenience purposive sampling method. Finally, implementation of mnemonics will enhance vocabulary retention, generate meaningful learning experience, and provide insight for the educators on the concept and effectiveness of mnemonic strategies in boosting vocabulary learning in reading classes.
Adnan, J. N. I., Ramaida, D., Noor, S. M. S., Norhana, A., Fariza, P. H., & Zarina, A. Z. (2017). Teachers’ Views On Students’ Performance In English Language Proficiency Courses Via CEFR Descriptors. International E-Journal of Advances in Education, 3(8), 363-370.
Ahmadi, M., Zarei, A. A., & Esfandiari, R. ( 2020). Learning L2 through Visual Mnemonics. Journal of English Language Teaching and Learning, 12(26), 1-27.
https://dx.doi.org/10.22034/elt.2020.11465
Amadi, E. A. (2019). Bottom-up theory and phonics instruction: Implications for beginning reading. European Journal of Applied Linguistics Studies, 1(2), 89-100.
Aminatun, D., & Oktaviani, L. (2019). Using “Memrise'' To Boost English For Business Vocabulary Mastery: Students” Viewpoint. Proceedings Universitas Pamulang, 1(1).
Apriliani, D. N. (2021). Students’ Perception in Learning English Vocabulary Through Quizlet. Journal of English Teaching, 7(3), 343-353. https://doi.org/10.33541/jet.v7i3.3064
Bakar, N. I. A., & Ismail, H. H. (2021). Exploring Vocabulary Items in Malaysia Year 5 English
Language Textbook (English Plus 1). International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 11(12), 2296–2315.
Bahrami, Z. N., Izadpanah, S., & Bijani, H. (2019). The Impact of Musical Mnemonic on Vocabulary Recalling of Iranian Young Learners. International Journal of Instruction, 12(1),977-994.
Bahtiyarovna, Y. M. M. (2020). The organisation of the mental lexicon. ?????, ??????????? ? ????????, 1(45), 44-45.
Bloomfield, J., & Fisher, M. J. (2019). Quantitative Research Design. Journal of Australasian Rehabilitation Nurses Association, 22(2), 27-30.
Bush, T., Abdul Hamid, S., Ng, A., & Kaparou, M. (2018). School leadership theories and the Malaysia education blueprint: Findings from a systematic literature review. International Journal of Educational Management, 32(7), 1245-1265.
Chang, L. Y., Tang, Y. Y., Lee, C. Y., & Chen, H. C. (2022). The Effect of Visual Mnemonics and the Presentation of Character Pairs on Learning Visually Similar Characters for Chinese-As-Second-Language Learners. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 783898.
Chiew, M. T. L., & Ismail, H. H. (2021). Exploring Vocabulary Learning Strategies in a Second Language Setting: A Review. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences,11(12),1298–1309.
Damico, J. S., & Ball, M. J. (Eds.). (2019). The SAGE encyclopaedia of human communication sciences and disorders. SAGE Publications.
Ecke, P., & Rott, S. (2018). Understanding Vocabulary Learning and Teaching : Implications for Language Program Development. AAUSC: Issues In Language Program Direction, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.18666/LDMJ-2019-V24-I2-9901
Endarto, I. T., & Subekti, A. S. (2020). Developing a Web-Based Vocabulary Size Test for Indonesian EFL Students.Teknosastik: Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra, 18(2), 72-81.
Fasih, P., Izadpanah, Siroz., & Shahnavaz, A. (2018). The Effect of Mnemonic Vocabulary Instruction on Content Vocabulary Learning of Students. Journal of Language & Education, 4(1),42-62. https://doi.org/10.17323/2411-7390-2018-4-1-42-62.
Hatch, E., and Brown, C. (1995). Vocabulary, Semantics and Language Education. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Intan, S. 2017). Enhancing For Vocabulary Mastery Through Mnemonics Keyword Method To The University Students. Journal of English Teaching and Research, 2(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.29407/jetar.v2i1.725
It-ngam, S., & Luksaneeyanawin, S. (2019). An interlanguage study of L2 mental lexicon. Journal of Pan-Pacific Association of Applied Linguistics, 23(1), 15-36.
https://doi.org/10.25256/PAAL.23.1.2
Jacob, U. S., & Pillay, J. (2022). Instructional strategies that foster reading skills of learners with intellectual disability: A scoping review. Cypriot Journal of Educational Science.17(7), 2222- 2234. https://doi.org/10.18844/cjes.v17i7.7589.
Khalijah, M. N., Mazliza, M. R., Nashra, T., Nurbarirah, A., Siti, R. S. (2019).Students’ problem in learning English as a Second Language among MDAB students at UITM Malacca.International Journal of Humanities, Philosophy, and Language, 2(7), 01-12.
Khany, R., & Khosravian, F. (2014). Iranian EFL Learners’ Vocabulary Development through Wikipedia. English Language Teaching, 7(7), 57-67.
http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/elt.v7n7p57
Kurniati, D., Rukmini, D., & Bharati, D. A. L. (2021). Using Mnemonics to Improve Intellectually Disabled Student's Behaviour. The Journal of Asia TEFL, 18(3), 1014-1022.
http://dx.doi.org/10.18823/asiatefl.2021.18.3.21.1014
Krokos, E., Plaisant, C., & Varshney, A. (2018). Spatial Mnemonics using Virtual Reality. Proceedings of the 2018 10th International Conference on Computer and Automation. 27-30. https://doi.org/10.1145/3192975.3193023
Lee, L. K., Chau, C. H., Chau, C. H., Ng, C. T., Hu, J. H., Wong, C. Y., ... & Wu, N. I. (2019). Improving the experience of teaching and learning kindergarten-level English vocabulary using augmented reality. International Journal of Innovation and Learning, 25(2), 110-125.
Leong, A. C. H., Abidin, M. J. Z., & Saibon, J. (2019). Learners Perceptions Of The Impact Of Using Digital Storytelling On Vocabulary Learning. Teaching English with Technology, 19(4), 3-26.
Li, Y. C., Yuan, Y. T., Chia, Y. L., & Hsueh, C. C. (2022). The Effect of Visual Mnemonics and the Presentation of Character Pairs on Learning Visually Similar Characters for Chinese -As -Second- Language Learners. Frontiers in Psychology, 13( 783898), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.3389%2Ffpsyg.2022.783898
Mayadi, N. S. N., & Yamat, H. (2021). An Investigation of the English Vocabulary Knowledge of Lower Secondary Students : A Case Study of a Malaysian School. International Journal of English Language Studies, 3(2), 131-138.
https://doi.org/10.32996/ijels.2021.3.2.14.
Merciai, S. (2019). An Input -Output Model in a Balanced Multi-layer Framework. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 150. 104403.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2019.06.037
Mohajan, H. K. (2020). Quantitative Research : A Successful Investigation in Natural and Social Sciences. Journal of Economic Development, Environment and People, 1(4), 50-79.
Molder, F., Jablonski, K. P., Nahnsen, S. (2021). Sustainable Data Analysis with Snakemake.F1000Research, 10(33), 1-28.
https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.29032.2
MyCensus. (2023). Banci Malaysia 2020. Utama (mycensus.gov.my).
Novanti, E. A., & Suprayogi, S. (2021). Webtoons Potentials to Enhance EFL Students Vocabulary. Journal of Research on Language Education, 2(2), 83-87.
Parris, B. A., Hasshim, N., Wadsley, M., Augustinova, M., & Ferrand, L. (2021). The Loci of Stroop Effects : A Critical Review of Methods and Evidence for Levels of Processing Contributing to Color-Word Stroop Effects and The Implications for the Loci of Attentional Selection. Psychological Research, 86, 1029-1053. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-021-01554-x
Pranoto, B. E., & Afrilita, L. K. (2018). The Otganization of Words in Mental Lexicon: Evidence From Word Association Test. Teksnostatik: Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastera, 16(1), 26-33. http://dx.doi.org/10.33365/ts.v16i1.130
Roe, B. D., Smith, S. H., & Kolodziej, N. J. (2019). Teaching Reading in Today’s Elementary Schools. Cengage Learning.
Schmitt, N. (2019). Understanding vocabulary acquisition, instruction, and assessment: A research agenda. Language Teaching, 52(2), 261-274.
Scruggs, T. E., Mastropieri, M. A., Berkeley, S. L., & Marshak, L. (2010). Intervention in School and Clinic, 46(2), 79-86.
Siagian, D. T., Maida, N., Irianto, D. M., & Suakrdi, R. R. (2023). The effectiveness of Mnemonic Device Techniques in Improving Long Term Memory in Learning in Elementary Schools :A Literature Review. Equator Science Journal, 1(1), 24-30. https://ejournal.edukhatulistiwa.com/index.php/ESJ
Sotoudehnama, E., Ahmadi, M. V. R., & Zahmeri, M. A. (2020). The Effect of “Narrow Reading” on Learning Mid-Frequency Vocabulary : The Role of Genre and Author. Journal of Teaching Language Skills, 38(4), 165-203.
https://dx.doi.org/10.22099/jtls.2020.37154.2821
Stavy, L. Z. D., Subon, F., & Norsehaunin. (2019). Using Language Games for Vocabulary in a Rural Primary School in Sarawak. International Journal of Service Management and Sustainability, 4(2), 101-117.http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/ijsms.v4i2.8067
Sundram, G. P. H. (2017). Using Mobile Phones for Vocabulary Acquisition in an ESL Classroom.[Master’s Thesis, University of Malaya]. University Malaya Students Respository.http://studentsrepo.um.edu.my/id/eprint/7330
Susanto, A. (2017). The teaching of vocabulary: A perspective. Jurnal Kata: Penelitian Tentang Ilmu Bahasa Dan Sastra, 1(2), 182-191.
Suzina, A. C. (2021). English as lingua franca. Or the Sterilisation of Scientific Work. Media, Culture & Society,, 43(1), 171-179.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0163443720957906
Thompson, M., Johansen, D., Stoner, R., Jarstad, A., Sorrells, R., McCarroll, M. L., & Justice, W. (2017). Comparative effectiveness of a mnemonic-use approach vs. self-study to interpret a lateral chest X-ray. Advances in Physiology Education, 41(4), 518-521.
Tuyen, L. V., & Huyen, V. T. (2019). Effects of Using Contextual Clues on English Vocabulary Retention and Reading Comprehension. International Journal of English, Literature and Social Science (IJELS), 4(5), 1342-1347. https://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijels.45.15
Whitescarver, E. L. (2018). "Effect of mnemonics on the vocabulary acquisition and retention of high school students with learning disabilities"[Master’s Thesis, Rowan University].Rowan Digital Works. https://rdw.rowan.edu/etd/2567
Widdowson, H. G. (1989). Knowledge of Language and Ability for Use.Applied Linguistics,10(2), 128- 137. https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/10.2.128
Wilkins, D. (1972). Linguistics in language teaching. London: Arnold.
Wong, A. S. C., Lee, J. Y. V., Fung, M. E., & Willibrord, O. (2019). Vocabulary size of Malaysian secondary school students. Journal of Modern Language and Applied Linguistics, 3(4), 27-34.
Worthern, J. B., & Hunt, R. R. (2011). Mnemology : Mnemonics for the 21st Century. Psychology Press.
Yu, Y. C., Bell, M. J., Banke, I., & Baayen, R. H. (2021). Bilingual and Multilingual Mental Lexicon: A Modelling Study With Linear Discriminative Learning. A Journal of Research in Language Studies, 71(S1),219-292.
N/A
Copyright: © 2023 The Author(s)
Published by HRMARS (www.hrmars.com)
This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) license. Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article (for both commercial and non-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. The full terms of this license may be seen at: http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode