ISSN: 2222-6990
Open access
Sabah Water Resources Enactment (SWRE) 1998 was launched in 1998, to ensure that Sabah’s natural water resources are protected and managed in sustainable ways. Sabah accounts for approximately 22.37% of Malaysia’s land mass area and has large portions of Malaysia’s complex and unique ecological biodiversity. Some of the functions of SWRE 1998 include the provision of recommendations on how to improve and protect the quality and quantity of Sabah’s water for domestic and aquatic flora and fauna and advising the Minister on the management and use of Sabah’s water resources. Sabah faces water-related issues like non-revenue water (NRW), water pollution, and water shortages. SWRE 1998 strategic effectiveness includes safeguarding against extensive water loss and damage to Sabah’s natural water resources while its strategic weakness lies in the lack of stakeholder involvement and awareness. Strategic improvements needed concerning SWRE 1998 include regular review and revision to ensure it is implemented following consistent guidelines and increasing public awareness and education about this institutional framework.
Aloysius, D., Abdullah, M. Y., Nordin, N., Ganing, A., & Iguchi, J. (2019, June). Evaluation of International Technology Transfer for Climate Change Action in Sabah, Malaysia. In The Proceedings of the International Conference on Climate Change (Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 45-55).
Aris, A. Z., Lim, W. Y., Praveena, S. M., Yusoff, M. K., Ramli, M. F., & Juahir, H. (2014). Water quality status of selected rivers in Kota Marudu, Sabah, Malaysia and its suitability for usage. Sains Malaysiana, 43(3), 377-388.
Ayob, S., & Rahmat, S. N. (2017). Rainwater harvesting (RWH) and groundwater potential as alternatives water resources in Malaysia: a review. In MATEC Web of Conferences (Vol. 103, p. 04020). EDP Sciences.
Blumröder, J. S., Hobson, P. R., Gräbener, U. F., Winter, S., & Ibisch, P. L. (2018) Ecosystem-based evaluation of two sustainability standards applied to oil palm cultivation in Sabah, Malaysia.
Doksil, M. (2022). Mechanism to enforce water resources enactment. Borneo Post Online. https://www.theborneopost.com/2022/07/22/mechanism-to-enforce-water-resources-enactment/
Garba, T. E., Richard, R. L., Thani, N. E. A., Majid, M. A. A., Lawal, M., & Yelwa, N. A. (2021). Geological effects on water quality: A review of issues and challenges in Malaysia. Sains Malaysiana, 50(7), 1857-1870.
Huang, Y. F., Ng, J. L., Fung, K. F., Weng, T. K., AlDahoul, N., Ahmed, A. N., ... & Elshafie, A. (2023). Space–time heterogeneity of drought characteristics in Sabah and Sarawak, East Malaysia: implications for developing effective drought monitoring and mitigation strategies. Applied Water Science, 13(10), 1-25.
Ideres, K. M., Adam, A., & Ling, S. T. Y. (2023). The Legal Framework for Water Pollution in Malaysia: An Analysis. Russian Law Journal, 11(3).
Imm, C. C. P., Hue, K. P., & Nathan, R. (2021). Can the Oil Palm Industry and Elephant Conservation Be Reconciled? A Case Study in Kalabakan, Sabah. Gajah, (53).
Ioki, K., Din, N. M., Ludwig, R., James, D., Hue, S. W., Johari, S. A., ... & Phua, M. H. (2019). Supporting forest conservation through community-based land use planning and participatory GIS–lessons from Crocker Range Park, Malaysian Borneo. Journal for Nature Conservation, 52, 125740.
Jafar, A., Sakke, N., Mapa, M. T., Dollah, R., Joko, E. P., Atang, C., ... & Alimuddin, A. H. (2021). Water Security Issues in Inhabited Islands: A Survey on Domestic Water Resources Management in the Sebatik Island, Sabah (Malaysia). Turkish Online Journal of Qualitative Inquiry, 12(6).
Khalid, R. M. (2018). Federalism concepts and issues in managing the Malaysian water sector. International Journal of Engineering & Technology, 7(3.30), 163-168.
LEE, S. (2022). Sabah Gearing up to finally enforce 1998 water resources enactment. The Star. https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2022/07/22/sabah-gearing-up-to-finally-enforce-1998-water-resources-enactment
Lai, C. H., Tan, D. T., Roy, R., Chan, N. W., & Zakaria, N. A. (2020). Systems thinking approach for analysing non-revenue water management reform in Malaysia. Water Policy, 22(2), 237-251.
Lee, K. E., Shahabudin, S. M., Mokhtar, M., Choy, Y. K., Goh, T. L., & Simon, N. (2018). Sustainable water resources management and potential development of multi-purpose dam: the case of Malaysia. Applied Ecology & Environmental Research, 16(3).
Luke, S. H., Barclay, H., Bidin, K., Chey, V. K., Ewers, R. M., Foster, W. A., ... & Aldridge, D. C. (2017). The effects of catchment and riparian forest quality on stream environmental conditions across a tropical rainforest and oil palm landscape in Malaysian Borneo. Ecohydrology, 10(4), e1827.
Omar, S., Wong, C. L., & Shaari, J. (2023). Integrated River Basin Management (IRBM) in Malaysia. Journal of Water Resources Management, 1(1).
Payus, C., Ann Huey, L., Adnan, F., Besse Rimba, A., Mohan, G., Kumar Chapagain, S., ... & Fukushi, K. (2020). Impact of extreme drought climate on water security in North Borneo: Case study of Sabah. Water, 12(4), 1135.
Rahman, H. A. (2021). Water Issues in Malaysia. Int. J. Acad. Res. Bus. Soc. Sci, 11, 860-875.
Sabah Government Official Website. (2023). Geography.
https://sabah.gov.my/en/content/geography
Sakke, N., Jafar, A., & Abidin, A. (2020). Air Tidak Berhasil (Nrw): Cabaran Ke Atas Sekuriti Bekalan Air Di Sabah, Malaysia: Non-Revenue Water (NRW): Challenges On Water Supply Security in Sabah, Malaysia. Jurnal Kinabalu, 26(2), 295-295.
SEARPP. (2018). Workshop on the benefits of riparian buffers in Sabah 26 June 2018, Le Meridien Kota Kinabalu, Sabah – SEARRP.
https://www.searrp.org/2018/06/26/workshop-on-the-benefits-of-riparian-buffers-in-sabah-26-june-2018-le-meridien-kota-kinabalu-sabah/
See, K. L., Nayan, N., & Rahaman, Z. A. (2017). Flood disaster water supply: a review of issues and challenges in Malaysia. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 7(10), 525-532.
Shah, J. M., Uddin, M. S., Hussin, R., Hamdan, D. D. B. M., Ibrahim, D., & Ijuwan, N. N. B. A. (2022). Sustainable Livelihood Strategies of Fishing Communities in Marine Protected Area (MPA), Sabah, Malaysia. International Journal of Human Resource Studies, 12(2), 4464-4464.
Sirat, N. I. M., Roslim, S., Abdullah, M. Z., & Bakar, S. A. (2023). Laws of the Wild: The Malaysian legal framework on wildlife conservation. Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal, 8(SI13), 45-50.
Stark, D. J., Vaughan, I. P., Evans, L. J., Kler, H., & Goossens, B. (2018). Combining drones and satellite tracking as an effective tool for informing policy change in riparian habitats: a proboscis monkey case study. Remote Sensing in Ecology and Conservation, 4(1), 44-52.
Sukereman, A. S., Suratman, R. O. B. I. A. H., & Ab Rahim, N. O. R. B. A. Y. A. (2022). Applying Good Governance Practice in the Implementation of Integrated Water Resource Management: Analysing the Relationship. J. Sustain. Sci. Manag, 17, 243-265.
Weng, T., Mokhtar, M. B., & Abraham, M. A. (2017). Institutional Concerns Towards Integrated Water Resources Management in Malaysia.
Wilkinson, C. L., Yeo, D. C., Tan, H. H., Hadi Fikri, A., & Ewers, R. M. (2018). The availability of freshwater fish resources is maintained across a land?use gradient in Sabah, Borneo. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, 28(5), 1044-1054.
THE STATE ATTORNEY GENERAL'S CHAMBERS. (2023). SABAH WATER RESOURCES ENACTMENT 1998.
https://sagc.sabah.gov.my/sites/default/files/law/SabahWaterResourcesEnactment1998.pdf
(Asing, 2024)
Asing, L. @ H. (2024). Sabah Water Resources Enactment 1998 Dilemma: Purposes, Implementation, and the Consequences. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 14(1), 811–824.
Copyright: © 2024 The Author(s)
Published by HRMARS (www.hrmars.com)
This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) license. Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article (for both commercial and non-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. The full terms of this license may be seen at: http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode