Journal Screenshot

International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences

Open Access Journal

ISSN: 2222-6990

Factors of Increasing Students' Motivation in Educational Settings: A Review

Heng Ee How, Chong Chew Lan, Siti Noorahayusolah Binti Binti Kosnandi, Nur Syuhada Binti Binti Zainal Abidin

http://dx.doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v14-i1/20412

Open access

Student’s academic success depends mainly on their academic achievement motivation. This study aims to review the factors that enhance the students’ motivation. Four factors are discussed in this study, namely, theory and framework to enhance motivation, mode of learning, educational tools design, and educational psychology. The past literature studies revealed that researchers incorporated various theories and frameworks in their research to achieve certain goals. The mode of learning like collaboration activities via online and face-to-face classes affects the motivation in learning. The design of the educational tools is found to be effective in heightening the students’ learning motivation, specifically, incorporating game elements in educational tools improves students’ learning motivation. Studies conducted to increase motivation through educational psychology include increased learning willingness which lowers anxiety and leads to an increase in motivation to learn. The implication of the review study can help in increasing the awareness of the researchers in making a conscious effort to incorporate effective ways that can increase students’ learning motivation.

Ainsworth, M., & Meece, J. L. (1998). Motivation in education: The role of perceived competence and value. In D. C. Berliner & R. C. Calfee (Eds.), Handbook of educational psychology (pp. 375-394). Simon and Schuster.
Alpizar, D., Adesope, O. O., & Wong, R. M. (2020). A meta-analysis of signaling principle in multimedia learning environments. Educational Technology Research and Development, 68, 2095–2119.
Arik Susanti, Sri Rachmajanti & Ali Mustofa (2023) Between teacher’ roles and students’ social: Learner autonomy in online learning for EFL students during the pandemic, Cogent Education, 10:1, DOI: 10.1080/2331186X.2023.2204698
Atkinson, J. W. (1957). Motivational determinants of risk taking. In D. McClelland (Ed.), Studies in motivation (pp. 29-38). Appleton-Century-Crofts.
Axelson, R. D., & Flick, A. (2010). Defining student engagement. Change: The Magazine of Higher Learning, 43(1), 38–43. https://doi.org/10.1080/00091383.2011.533096
Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. Freeman Press.
Beege, M., Krieglstein, F., & Arnold, C. (2022). How instructors influence learning with instructional videos-the importance of professional appearance and communication. Computers & Education, 185, 104531.
Chazan, D. J., Pelletier, G. N., & Daniels, L. M. (2021). Achievement Goal Theory Review: An Application to School Psychology. Canadian Journal of School Psychology, 37(1), 40–56. https://doi.org/10.1177/08295735211058319
Christenson, S., Reschly, A., & Wylie, C. (2012). Handbook of research on student engagement. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-2018-7
Chun, M. M. (2000). Contextual cueing of visual attention. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 4(5), 170–178.
Covington, M. V. (2000). Goal Theory, Motivation, and School Achievement: An Integrative Review. Annual Review of Psychology, 51(1), 171–200.
https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.51.1.171
Davis, R. O. (2018). The impact of pedagogical agent gesturing in multimedia learning environments: A meta-analysis. Educational Research Review, 24, 193–209.
Eccles, J. S., Adler, T. F., Futterman, R., Goff, S. B., Kaczala, C. M., Meece, J. L., & Midgley, C. (1983). Expectancies, Values, and Academic Behaviors. In J. T. Spence (Ed.), Achievement and Achievement Motivation (pp. 75-146). San Francisco, CA: W. H. Freeman.
Elliot A. J., & Murayama K. (2008). On the measurement of achievement goals: Critique, illustration, and application. Journal of Education & Psychology, 100(3), 613–628. Crossref
Fiorella, L., Stull, A. T., Kuhlmann, S., & Mayer, R. E. (2020). Fostering generative learning from video lessons: Benefits of instructor-generated drawings and learner-generated explanations. Journal of Educational Psychology, 112, 895–906.
Gao, F., Qiu, J., Chen, L., Li, L., Ji, M., & Zhang, R. (2023). Effects of virtual reality simulation on medical students’ learning and motivation in human parasitology instruction: a quasi-experimental study. BMC Medical Education, 23(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-023-04589-3
Getty, S., Barron, K., & Hulleman, C. (2021). Five Steps to Improve Student Motivation in Your College Courses. ResearchGate. Retrieved on 5th November 2023. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/352895612_Five_Steps_to_Improve_Student_Motivation_in_Your_College_Courses
Gautam, D. K., & Gautam, P. K. (2021). Transition to online higher education during COVID-19 pandemic: Turmoil and way forward to developing country of south Asia-Nepal. Journal of Research in Innovative Teaching & Learning, 14(1), 93-111. doi:10.1108/jrit-10-2020-0051
Henderson, A. T., & Mapp, K. L. (2002). Understanding the impact of the EVC framework on school climate. Educational Leadership, 60(5), 14-18.
Hidi, S., & Harackiewicz, J. M. (2008). The role of the EVC framework in enhancing student motivation. Journal of Educational Psychology, 100(4), 768-781.
Huber, S. E., Cortez, R., Kiili, K., Lindstedt, A., & Ninaus, M. (2023). Game elements enhance engagement and mitigate attrition in online learning tasks. Computers in Human Behavior, 149, 107948. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2023.107948
Hulleman, C. S., Schrager, S. M., Bodmann, S. M., & Harackiewicz, J. M. (2010). A meta-analytic review of achievement goal measures: Different labels for the same constructs or different constructs with similar labels. Psychological Bulletin, 136(3), 422–449. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0018947
Hosen, M., Ogbeibu, S., Giridharan, B., Cham, T.-H., Lim, W. M., & Paul, J. (2021). Individual motivation and social media influence on student knowledge sharing and learning performance: Evidence from an emerging economy. Computers & Education, 172, 104262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2021.104262
Kember, D. (2000). Misconceptions about the learning approaches, motivation and study practices of Asian students. The RoutledgeFalmer Reader in Higher Education, 99-121. doi:10.4324/9780203464045_chapter_2
Kumar, S. (2017). Academic achievement motivation: concept and Theory . Global Journal for Research Analysis, 6(9), 572–573.
Kosovich, J. J., Hulleman, C. S., Barron, K. E., & Getty, S. (2014, November 18). A Practical Measure of Student Motivation. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 35(5–6), 790–816. https://doi.org/10.1177/0272431614556890
Krieglstein, F., Meusel, F., Rothenstein, E., Scheller, N., Wesenberg, L., & Rey, G. D. (2023). How to insert visual information into a whiteboard animation with a human hand? Effects of different insertion styles on learning. Smart Learning Environments, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40561-023-00258-6
Lin, L., Ginns, P., Wang, T., & Zhang, P. (2020). Using a pedagogical agent to deliver conversational style instruction: What benefits can you obtain? Computers & Education, 143, 103658.
Locke, E. A., & Latham, G. P. (2002). Building successful teams. Jossey-Bass.
Long, X., Chen, P., Liu, Q., Zhang, F., & Lu, C. (2022). Innovation of the Education of College Students' Outlook on Life Following Positive Psychology Under the Theory of Educational Psychology. Frontiers in Psychology. 12. 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.739284.
Maehr M. L., Zusho A. (2009). Achievement goal theory: The past, present, and future. In Wenzel K. R., Wigfield A. (Eds.), Educational psychology handbook series. Handbook of motivation at school (pp. 77–104). Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group.
Mayer, R. E., & DaPra, C. S. (2012). An embodiment effect in computer-based learning with animated pedagogical agents. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 18, 239–252.
Mayer, R. E., Sobko, K., & Mautone, P. D. (2003). Social cues in multimedia learning: Role of speaker’s voice. Journal of Educational Psychology, 95, 419–425.
Moll-Khosrawi P, Zöllner C, Cronje JS, Schulte-Uentrop L. The effects of simulation-based education on medical students’ motivation. Int J Med Educ. 2021;12:130–35. https://doi.org/10.5116/ijme.60c0.981e.
Talaue, M. G., AlSaad, A., AlRushaidan, N., AlHugail, A., & AlFahhad, S. (2018). The impact of social media on academic performance of selected college students. International Journal of Advanced Information Technology, 8(4/5), 27–35.
https://doi.org/10.5121/ijait.2018.8503
Mohamed, S. R., Samsudin, S. S., Ismail, N., Alam, N. M., & Adnan, N. I. (2021). Challenges of home learning during movement control order among UiTM Pahang students. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1988(1), 012052. doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1988/1/012052
Narca, M. L., & Caballes, D. (2021). Learning Motivation: Strategies to Increase Students' Engagement in Online Learning at San Sebastian College-Recoletos, Manila. International Journal of Asian Education. 2. 573-580. 10.46966/ijae.v2i4.217.
National Research Council. (2000). The EVC framework as a guide for educational policies. Washington, DC: National Academies Press.
Plass, J. L., & Pawar, S. (2020). Toward a taxonomy of adaptivity for learning. Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 52, 275–300. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 15391523.2020.1719943
Schwartz, R. N., & Plass, J. L. (2020). Types of engagement in learning with games. In J. L. Plass, R. E. Mayer, & B. D. Homer (Eds.), Handbook of game-based learning (pp. 53–80). The MIT Press.
Susanti, Arik & Rachmajanti, Sri & Mustofa, Ali. (2023). Between teacher’ roles and students’ social: Learner autonomy in online learning for EFL students during the pandemic. Cogent Education. 10. 10.1080/2331186X.2023.2204698.
Wigfield, A., & Eccles, J. S. (2000). Expectancy–value theory of achievement motivation. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 25(1), 68–81.
https://doi.org/10.1006/ceps.1999.1015
Tan, C. (2020). The impact of COVID-19 on student motivation, community of inquiry and learning performance. Asian Education and Development Studies, 10(2), 308-321. doi:10.1108/aeds-05-2020-0084
Wouters, P., van Nimwegen, C., van Oostendorp, H., & van der Spek, E. D. (2013). A meta-analysis of the cognitive and motivational effects of serious games. Journal of Educational Psychology, 105(2), 249–265. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0031311
Wouters, P., & van Oostendorp, H. (2013). A meta-analytic review of the role of instructional support in game-based learning. Computers & Education, 60(1), 412–425. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2012.07.018
Zhang, J. (2021). Learning motivation and its related factors in Chinese classes in senior high schools. Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, 615, 883-887. doi:10.2991/assehr.k.211220.150
Zimmerman, B. J. (2000). Self-regulatory strategies and academic achievement: A meta-analytic synthesis. In D. H. Schunk & P. R. Pintrich (Eds.), Handbook of self-regulation: Academic motivation and achievement (pp. 147-175). Erlbaum.

(How et al., 2024)
How, H. E., Lan, C. C., Kosnandi, S. N. B., & Abidin, N. S. B. Z. (2024). Factors of Increasing Students’ Motivation in Educational Settings: A Review. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 14(1), 2964–2974.