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International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences

Open Access Journal

ISSN: 2222-6990

Strategies for Entrepreneurs with Disabilities to Expand Their Businesses: A Multi Method Study

Suhaimi Amran, Zila Zainal Abidin, Amran Rasli, Lim Kim Yew

http://dx.doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v14-i3/21148

Open access

Ab Wahid, H., Hishamuddin, A. Z., & Abd Rahman, R. (2023). Social entrepreneurship approach towards leveraging persons with disabilities (PwD) in Malaysia. International Business Education Journal, 16(1), 85-97.
Bahry, N. S., Kori, N. L., Ali, A. M., Mat, A., & Adzmi, A. (2023). The challenges of disabled entrepreneurs: A systematic review. Journal of International Business, Economics and Entrepreneurship, 8(2), 54-54. https://doi.org/10.24191/jibe.v8i2.24044
Berglund, A. L. (2023). Diverging ideologies of disability: A critique of literature on inclusive literacy. Georgia Journal of Literacy, 45(1), 4-19.
https://doi.org/10.56887/galiteracy.103
Boehm, T. L., & Carter, E. W. (2019). Family quality of life and its correlates among parents of children and adults with intellectual disability. American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 124(2), 99-115. https://doi.org/10.1352/1944-7558-124.2.99
Caldwell, K., Parker Harris, S., & Renko, M. (2020). Inclusive management for social entrepreneurs with intellectual disabilities: "how they act". Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 33(2), 204-218. https://doi.org/10.1111/jar.12662
Csillag, S., Gyori, Z., & Svastics, C. (2019). Long and winding road? Barriers and supporting factors as perceived by entrepreneurs with disabilities. Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy, 13(1/2), 42-63. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEC-11-2018-0097
Devi, E. S., & Rajamohan, D. S. (2020). Differently abled entrepreneurs in India–Evolving issues and challenges. TEST Engineering and Management, ISSN-0193-4120, 82, 9257-9261.
Gephart, S. M., Effken, J. A., McGrath, J. M., & Reed, P. G. (2013). Expert consensus building using e?Delphi for necrotizing enterocolitis risk assessment. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing, 42(3), 332-347. https://doi.org/10.1111/1552-6909.12032
Govindasamy, P., Abdullah, N. B., & Ibrahim, R. B. (2021, September). Importance of entrepreneurship skills among student with learning disabilities. Proceedings of International Conference on Special Education (Vol. 4). SEAMEO Regional Centre for Special Educational Needs.
Harper, M. G., Asselin, M. E., Kurtz, A. C., MacArthur, S. K., & Perron, S. (2012). Research priorities for nursing professional development: a modified e-Delphi study. Journal for Nurses in Professional Development, 28(3), 137-142.
https://doi.org/10.1097/NND.0b013e3182551543
Hwang, S. K., & Roulstone, A. (2022). Enterprising? Disabled? The status and potential for disabled people's microenterprise in South Korea. Research Handbook on Disability and Entrepreneurship. Edward Elgar Publishing. Cheltenham, United Kingdom. https://doi.org/10.1080/09687599.2014.993750

Ide, T., Brzoska, M., Donges, J. F., & Schleussner, C. F. (2020). Multi-method evidence for when and how climate-related disasters contribute to armed conflict risk. Global Environmental Change, 62, 102063. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2020.102063
Jacocks, C., & Bell, G. (2020). Entrepreneurs with disabilities: Making a difference in society through social entrepreneurship. Social entrepreneurship and Corporate Social Responsibility, 117-129. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-39676-3_8
Jammaers, E., & Zanoni, P. (2020). Unexpected entrepreneurs: The identity work of entrepreneurs with disabilities. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 32(9-10), 879-898. https://doi.org/10.1080/08985626.2020.1842913
Kemp, J. D. (2022). Disability Friendly: How to Move from Clueless to Inclusive. John Wiley & Sons.
Kok, C. W., Rasli, A., Tee, M., Nga, E., Khairudin, & Abas, I. H. (2023). Project resilience dimensions ranking from Malaysian and international perspectives: A Delphi Study. Journal of Sustainability Science and Management, 18(11), 19-36.
Kouakou, K. K. E., Li, C., Akolgo, I. G., & Tchamekwen, A. M. (2019). Evolution view of entrepreneurial mindset theory. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 10(6), 116-129. https://doi.org/10.30845/ijbss.v10n6p13
Krüger, D., & David, A. (2020, February). Entrepreneurial education for persons with disabilities-a social innovation approach for inclusive ecosystems. Frontiers in Education, 5. Frontiers Media SA. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2020.00003
Lawton Smith, H. (2023). Public spaces, equality, diversity and inclusion: Connecting disabled entrepreneurs to urban spaces. Land, 12(4), 873.
https://doi.org/10.3390/land12040873
Lindsay, S., R. Hartman, L., & Fellin, M. (2016). A systematic review of mentorship programs to facilitate transition to post-secondary education and employment for youth and young adults with disabilities. Disability and Rehabilitation, 38(14), 1329-1349. https://doi.org/10.3109/09638288.2015.1092174
Listman, J. D., & Kurz, K. B. (2020). Lived experience: Deaf professionals’ stories of resilience and risks. The Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, 25(2), 239-249. https://doi.org/10.1093/deafed/enz045
Logue, M. D., & Effken, J. A. (2013). Validating the personal health records adoption model using a modified e?Delphi. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 69(3), 685-696. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2012.06056.x
McIlrath, C., Keeney, S., McKenna, H., & McLaughlin, D. (2010). Benchmarks for effective primary care?based nursing services for adults with depression: A Delphi study. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 66(2), 269-281. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2009.05140.x
Mogaji, E., Adeola, O., Hinson, R. E., Nguyen, N. P., Nwoba, A. C., & Soetan, T. O. (2021). Marketing bank services to financially vulnerable customers: evidence from an emerging economy. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 39(3), 402-428. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJBM-07-2020-0379
Norstedt, M., & Germundsson, P. (2023). Motives for entrepreneurship and establishing one's own business among people with disabilities: Findings from a scoping review. Disability & Society, 38(2), 247-266. https://doi.org/10.1080/09687599.2021.1919504
Ortiz García, P., & Olaz Capitán, Á. J. (2021). Entrepreneurship for people with disabilities: from skills to social value. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 699833.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.699833
Othman, N. and Ab Wahid, H. (2014). Social entrepreneurship among participants in the students in free enterprise program. Education + Training, (56)8/9, 852-869. https://doi.org/10.1108/ET-09-2013-0111
Prijadi, R., Wulandari, P., Desiana, P. M., Pinagara, F. A., & Novita, M. (2020). Financing needs of micro-enterprises along their evolution. International Journal of Ethics and Systems, 36(2), 263-284. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOES-05-2018-0071
Renko, M., Parker Harris, S., & Caldwell, K. (2016). Entrepreneurial entry by people with disabilities. International Small Business Journal, 34(5), 555–578.
doi:10.1177/0266242615579112
Schmidt, R.C. (1997). Managing Delphi surveys using nonparametric statistical techniques, Decision Sciences, (28)3, 763-774. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5915.1997.tb01330.x

Schur, L. A., Ameri, M., & Kruse, D. (2020). Telework after COVID: a "silver lining" for workers with disabilities? Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation, 30(4), 521-536. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10926-020-09936-5
Sethi, D., & Shashwati, S. (2019). Say no to setbacks: grit & growth mindset have got your back. International Journal of Innovative Studies in Sociology and Humanities, 4(3), 18-26.
Setiawan, J. L., Kasim, A., & Ardyan, E. (2022). Understanding the consumers of entrepreneurial education: Self-efficacy and entrepreneurial attitude orientation among youths. Sustainability, 14(8), 4790. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14084790
Shaheen, G., & Arndt, F. (2022). How entrepreneurs with physical and mental health challenges can benefit from an entrepreneurial ecosystems approach. In Research Handbook on Disability and Entrepreneurship (pp. 143-159). Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781789905649.00020
Sodhi, S., & Dwivedi, A. K. (2022). Entrepreneurship for differently-abled people: getting ahead with the help of assistive technology and policy support. In Industry 4.0 and Advanced Manufacturing: Proceedings of I-4AM 2022 (pp. 345-354). Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-0561-2_31
Tang, J. (2021). Understanding the telework experience of people with disabilities. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction, 5(CSCW1), 1-27. https://doi.org/10.1145/3449104
Tracey, P., Phillips, N., & Haugh, H. (2005). Beyond philanthropy: Community enterprise as a basis for corporate citizenship. Journal of Business Ethics, 58, 327-344.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-004-6944-x
Tihic, M., Hadzic, M., & McKelvie, A. (2021). Social support and its effects on self-efficacy among entrepreneurs with disabilities. Journal of Business Venturing Insights, 16, e00279. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbvi.2021.e00279
Victor-Aigbodion, V. (2023). Empowering individuals with disabilities through entrepreneurship in Nigeria: an integrative review. International Journal of Home Economics, Hospitality and Allied Research, 2(1), 135-145.
https://doi.org/10.57012/ijhhr.v2n1.010
Zhong, Y., Wang, J., & Nicholas, S. (2020). Social support and depressive symptoms among family caregivers of older people with disabilities in four provinces of urban China: the mediating role of caregiver burden. BMC Geriatrics, 20, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-019-1403-9

Ab Wahid, H., Hishamuddin, A. Z., & Abd Rahman, R. (2023). Social entrepreneurship approach towards leveraging persons with disabilities (PwD) in Malaysia. International Business Education Journal, 16(1), 85-97.
Bahry, N. S., Kori, N. L., Ali, A. M., Mat, A., & Adzmi, A. (2023). The challenges of disabled entrepreneurs: A systematic review. Journal of International Business, Economics and Entrepreneurship, 8(2), 54-54. https://doi.org/10.24191/jibe.v8i2.24044
Berglund, A. L. (2023). Diverging ideologies of disability: A critique of literature on inclusive literacy. Georgia Journal of Literacy, 45(1), 4-19.
https://doi.org/10.56887/galiteracy.103
Boehm, T. L., & Carter, E. W. (2019). Family quality of life and its correlates among parents of children and adults with intellectual disability. American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 124(2), 99-115. https://doi.org/10.1352/1944-7558-124.2.99
Caldwell, K., Parker Harris, S., & Renko, M. (2020). Inclusive management for social entrepreneurs with intellectual disabilities: "how they act". Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 33(2), 204-218. https://doi.org/10.1111/jar.12662
Csillag, S., Gyori, Z., & Svastics, C. (2019). Long and winding road? Barriers and supporting factors as perceived by entrepreneurs with disabilities. Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy, 13(1/2), 42-63. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEC-11-2018-0097
Devi, E. S., & Rajamohan, D. S. (2020). Differently abled entrepreneurs in India–Evolving issues and challenges. TEST Engineering and Management, ISSN-0193-4120, 82, 9257-9261.
Gephart, S. M., Effken, J. A., McGrath, J. M., & Reed, P. G. (2013). Expert consensus building using e?Delphi for necrotizing enterocolitis risk assessment. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing, 42(3), 332-347. https://doi.org/10.1111/1552-6909.12032
Govindasamy, P., Abdullah, N. B., & Ibrahim, R. B. (2021, September). Importance of entrepreneurship skills among student with learning disabilities. Proceedings of International Conference on Special Education (Vol. 4). SEAMEO Regional Centre for Special Educational Needs.
Harper, M. G., Asselin, M. E., Kurtz, A. C., MacArthur, S. K., & Perron, S. (2012). Research priorities for nursing professional development: a modified e-Delphi study. Journal for Nurses in Professional Development, 28(3), 137-142.
https://doi.org/10.1097/NND.0b013e3182551543
Hwang, S. K., & Roulstone, A. (2022). Enterprising? Disabled? The status and potential for disabled people's microenterprise in South Korea. Research Handbook on Disability and Entrepreneurship. Edward Elgar Publishing. Cheltenham, United Kingdom. https://doi.org/10.1080/09687599.2014.993750

Ide, T., Brzoska, M., Donges, J. F., & Schleussner, C. F. (2020). Multi-method evidence for when and how climate-related disasters contribute to armed conflict risk. Global Environmental Change, 62, 102063. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2020.102063
Jacocks, C., & Bell, G. (2020). Entrepreneurs with disabilities: Making a difference in society through social entrepreneurship. Social entrepreneurship and Corporate Social Responsibility, 117-129. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-39676-3_8
Jammaers, E., & Zanoni, P. (2020). Unexpected entrepreneurs: The identity work of entrepreneurs with disabilities. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 32(9-10), 879-898. https://doi.org/10.1080/08985626.2020.1842913
Kemp, J. D. (2022). Disability Friendly: How to Move from Clueless to Inclusive. John Wiley & Sons.
Kok, C. W., Rasli, A., Tee, M., Nga, E., Khairudin, & Abas, I. H. (2023). Project resilience dimensions ranking from Malaysian and international perspectives: A Delphi Study. Journal of Sustainability Science and Management, 18(11), 19-36.
Kouakou, K. K. E., Li, C., Akolgo, I. G., & Tchamekwen, A. M. (2019). Evolution view of entrepreneurial mindset theory. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 10(6), 116-129. https://doi.org/10.30845/ijbss.v10n6p13
Krüger, D., & David, A. (2020, February). Entrepreneurial education for persons with disabilities-a social innovation approach for inclusive ecosystems. Frontiers in Education, 5. Frontiers Media SA. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2020.00003
Lawton Smith, H. (2023). Public spaces, equality, diversity and inclusion: Connecting disabled entrepreneurs to urban spaces. Land, 12(4), 873.
https://doi.org/10.3390/land12040873
Lindsay, S., R. Hartman, L., & Fellin, M. (2016). A systematic review of mentorship programs to facilitate transition to post-secondary education and employment for youth and young adults with disabilities. Disability and Rehabilitation, 38(14), 1329-1349. https://doi.org/10.3109/09638288.2015.1092174
Listman, J. D., & Kurz, K. B. (2020). Lived experience: Deaf professionals’ stories of resilience and risks. The Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, 25(2), 239-249. https://doi.org/10.1093/deafed/enz045
Logue, M. D., & Effken, J. A. (2013). Validating the personal health records adoption model using a modified e?Delphi. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 69(3), 685-696. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2012.06056.x
McIlrath, C., Keeney, S., McKenna, H., & McLaughlin, D. (2010). Benchmarks for effective primary care?based nursing services for adults with depression: A Delphi study. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 66(2), 269-281. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2009.05140.x
Mogaji, E., Adeola, O., Hinson, R. E., Nguyen, N. P., Nwoba, A. C., & Soetan, T. O. (2021). Marketing bank services to financially vulnerable customers: evidence from an emerging economy. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 39(3), 402-428. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJBM-07-2020-0379
Norstedt, M., & Germundsson, P. (2023). Motives for entrepreneurship and establishing one's own business among people with disabilities: Findings from a scoping review. Disability & Society, 38(2), 247-266. https://doi.org/10.1080/09687599.2021.1919504
Ortiz García, P., & Olaz Capitán, Á. J. (2021). Entrepreneurship for people with disabilities: from skills to social value. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 699833.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.699833
Othman, N. and Ab Wahid, H. (2014). Social entrepreneurship among participants in the students in free enterprise program. Education + Training, (56)8/9, 852-869. https://doi.org/10.1108/ET-09-2013-0111
Prijadi, R., Wulandari, P., Desiana, P. M., Pinagara, F. A., & Novita, M. (2020). Financing needs of micro-enterprises along their evolution. International Journal of Ethics and Systems, 36(2), 263-284. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOES-05-2018-0071
Renko, M., Parker Harris, S., & Caldwell, K. (2016). Entrepreneurial entry by people with disabilities. International Small Business Journal, 34(5), 555–578.
doi:10.1177/0266242615579112
Schmidt, R.C. (1997). Managing Delphi surveys using nonparametric statistical techniques, Decision Sciences, (28)3, 763-774. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5915.1997.tb01330.x

Schur, L. A., Ameri, M., & Kruse, D. (2020). Telework after COVID: a "silver lining" for workers with disabilities? Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation, 30(4), 521-536. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10926-020-09936-5
Sethi, D., & Shashwati, S. (2019). Say no to setbacks: grit & growth mindset have got your back. International Journal of Innovative Studies in Sociology and Humanities, 4(3), 18-26.
Setiawan, J. L., Kasim, A., & Ardyan, E. (2022). Understanding the consumers of entrepreneurial education: Self-efficacy and entrepreneurial attitude orientation among youths. Sustainability, 14(8), 4790. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14084790
Shaheen, G., & Arndt, F. (2022). How entrepreneurs with physical and mental health challenges can benefit from an entrepreneurial ecosystems approach. In Research Handbook on Disability and Entrepreneurship (pp. 143-159). Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781789905649.00020
Sodhi, S., & Dwivedi, A. K. (2022). Entrepreneurship for differently-abled people: getting ahead with the help of assistive technology and policy support. In Industry 4.0 and Advanced Manufacturing: Proceedings of I-4AM 2022 (pp. 345-354). Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-0561-2_31
Tang, J. (2021). Understanding the telework experience of people with disabilities. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction, 5(CSCW1), 1-27. https://doi.org/10.1145/3449104
Tracey, P., Phillips, N., & Haugh, H. (2005). Beyond philanthropy: Community enterprise as a basis for corporate citizenship. Journal of Business Ethics, 58, 327-344.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-004-6944-x
Tihic, M., Hadzic, M., & McKelvie, A. (2021). Social support and its effects on self-efficacy among entrepreneurs with disabilities. Journal of Business Venturing Insights, 16, e00279. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbvi.2021.e00279
Victor-Aigbodion, V. (2023). Empowering individuals with disabilities through entrepreneurship in Nigeria: an integrative review. International Journal of Home Economics, Hospitality and Allied Research, 2(1), 135-145.
https://doi.org/10.57012/ijhhr.v2n1.010
Zhong, Y., Wang, J., & Nicholas, S. (2020). Social support and depressive symptoms among family caregivers of older people with disabilities in four provinces of urban China: the mediating role of caregiver burden. BMC Geriatrics, 20, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-019-1403-9

(Amran et al., 2024)
Amran, S., Abidin, Z. Z., Rasli, A., & Yew, L. K. (2024). Strategies for Entrepreneurs with Disabilities to Expand Their Businesses: A Multi Method Study. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 14(3), 765–779.