Factors of Old Vehicle Emissions in Urban Areas

Vilaashiny Thana  Singam; Nurhana Mohamad  Rafiuddin; Haliza  Mohd Zahari

A questionnaire plays an important part in research for collecting pertinent data regarding the research study. It is important to design questionnaires meticulously to minimize errors. However, researchers often face challenges in designing effective questionnaires which results in biased findings. Therefore, this paper aims on the development of questionnaires items on factors contributing to old vehicle emissions in urban areas. The questionnaire items designed consist of information on studied variables such as fuel consumption, driving pattern, mobility behavior, maintenance and repair and vehicle age and carbon emissions. The questionnaires items were designed based on past literature studies. As a result, a total of thirty-six items were constructed in this study. This study uses the Five Point Likert Type Scale which reflects the respondent’s agreement towards the statement in the questionnaires. The study also seeks to provide insight to the government and policymakers on factors that contribute to old vehicle emissions in urban settings.

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(Singam et al., 2024)
Singam, V. T., Rafiuddin, N. M., & Zahari, H. M. (2024). Factors of Old Vehicle Emissions in Urban Areas. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 14(4), 1352–1362.

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Factors of Old Vehicle Emissions in Urban Areas

Vilaashiny Thana Singam, Nurhana Mohamad Rafiuddin, Haliza Mohd Zahari

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