ISSN: 2222-6990
Open access
This pilot study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of special training programs based on spatial intelligence theory for improving piano skills in children. The study involved 30 subjects aged 8 – 10 years (n=30), who were divided into experimental and control groups. Both groups used the "Pentagram Teacher" software as an evaluation tool for pre-test and post-test. The experimental group received a 1-month training period designed according to the theory of spatial intelligence.Using t-test (all known as independent samples t-test) to study the difference between Group for Pre-test, Post-test total 2 items, different Group samples for Pre-test all show consistency and there is no difference. The other Group samples show significance (p<0.05) for Post-test total 1 item, which means that different Group samples have differences for Post-test. By analyzing the experimental results, there is a positive correlation between the improvement of children's piano visual player ability and the visual player training designed based on the spatial intelligence theory.
Bean, K. L. (1938). ‘An Experimental Approach to the Reading of Music’, Psychological Monographs, 50(6) pp.1-80.https://doi.org/10.1037/h0093540
Chapman, L. (2023). Towards an understanding of musical intelligence as a framework for learning to read and play piano notation (Doctoral dissertation, UCL (University College London)).
Crozier, R. (2000). The music teacher’s companion: a practical guide. London, United Kingdom: Associated Board of the Royal Schools of Music, 144.
Dodson, T. A. (1983). ‘Developing Music Reading Skills: Research Implications’, Update, 1(4), pp.3-6.
Harmony, D. (2021). Research on the correlation of mathematical logic, self-cognition and interpersonal intelligence in piano viewing play (Master's thesis, Inner Mongolia Normal University).
Ericsson, K. A., & Lehmann, A. C. (1994). The acquisition of accompanying (sight reading) skills in expert pianists. In Proc. 3rd Int. Conf. Music Percept. Cogn., Liege, Belgium (pp. 337-38).
Gardner,H .E. ( 1993).Frames of mind: The theory of multiple intelligences, tenth anniversary edition (New York: Basic Books), ix.
Gardner, H. E. (2000). Intelligence reframed: Multiple intelligences for the 21st century. Hachette Uk.
Gardner, H. E. ( 2006).Multiple Intelligences: New horizons (New York, Basic Books, ), 6.
Gardner, H. E. (2011). Frames of mind: The theory of multiple intelligences. Basic books.
Gromko, J. E. (2004). Predictors of music sight-reading ability in high school wind players. Journal of Research in Music Education, 52, 6–15. doi: 10.2307/3345521
Gudmundsdottir, H. R. (2010b). ‘Pitch error analysis of young piano students’ music
reading performances’, International Journal of Music Education, 28(1), pp.61-70.
Kopiez, R., & In Lee, J. (2006). Towards a dynamic model of skills involved in sight reading music. Music education research, 8(1), 97-120.
Lehmann, A. C., and K. A. Ericsson. (1993). Sight-reading ability of expert pianists in the context of piano accompanying. Psychomusicology 12: 122–136.
Liu, W. C. C. (2010). Toward an analysis of piano cognition: Applying Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences. PhD Thesis?Temple University.
Lyke, J. B. (1969). An investigation of class piano programmes in the six state universities of Illinois and recommendations for their improvement.PhD. thesis University of Northern Colorado
McPherson, G. E., Davidson, J. W., & Faulkner, R. (2012). Music in our lives: Redefining musical development, ability and identity. Oxford University Press.
Mishra, J. (2014). Factors related to sight-reading accuracy: a meta-analysis. Journal of Research in Music Education., 61(4), 452-465.
Sloboda, J. A., Davidson, J. W., Howe, M. J., & Moore, D. G. (1996). The role of practice in the development of performing musicians. British journal of psychology, 87(2), 287-309.
Spillman, R. (1990). Sightreading at the keyboard. New York City, NY: Schirmer Books, 304.
Udtaisuk, D. B. (2005). A theoretical model of piano sight-playing components.Doctor Dissertation University of Missouri-Columbia.
Watkins, A. J. (1984). The Effect of the Use of a Recorded Soloist as an Aid to the Teaching of Sight Reading Accompaniments at the Piano (Keyboard). Ph.D. dissertation?The University of Oklahoma.
Wolf, T. (1976). A cognitive model of musical sight-reading. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 5, 143-171. doi: 10.1007/BF01067255
Fei, W. (2014). Research on the correlation of music, space and kinesthetic intelligence in piano piano (master's thesis, Central China Normal University). https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbname=CMFD201402&filename=1014235319.nh
Zhukov, K. (2014). Exploring advanced piano students’ approaches to sight-reading. International Journal of Music Education, 32(4), 487-498.
Hao, Y., & Simeon, J. J. C. (2024). The Effect of Spatial Intelligence in the Cultivation Process of Children’s Piano Sight-Reading Ability (A Pilot Study). International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 14(9), 1253–1262.
Copyright: © 2024 The Author(s)
Published by HRMARS (www.hrmars.com)
This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) license. Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article (for both commercial and non-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. The full terms of this license may be seen at: http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode