Journal Screenshot

International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences

Open Access Journal

ISSN: 2222-6990

Evaluating Local Street Food Service Quality: Insights from Visitors to Penang

Noor Suhaila Yusof, Kamal Izzuwan Ramli

http://dx.doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v15-i1/24520

Open access

This study investigates the service quality of local street food vendors among visitors to Penang Island, emphasizing the impact of the physical environment, staff behavior, and food quality on visitor satisfaction. A total of 130 questionnaires were sent using simple random selection, with 105 completed and used for further analysis. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to analyse the information reported in this study. Findings reveal that all three factors significantly influence service quality. The physical environment, including cleanliness and organization of food stalls, plays a key role in shaping customer perceptions. Vendors can enhance service quality by maintaining clean and appealing environments. Staffs behaviour emerged as a crucial factor, with courteous and responsive service leading to higher customer satisfaction. Positive staff interactions encourage customer loyalty and word-of-mouth promotion. It was discovered that food quality was the most significant determinant of overall satisfaction, with taste, freshness, and portion size being key considerations. The results of the study may help those who wants to start a street food business, and those who are already in business have a better understanding of their customers. Furthermore, it may serve as a useful guide and reference for vendors and customers.

Abubakar, F., & Mohamed, B. (2010). Penang mamaks: evolution and gastronomy tourism. Proceedings of Regional Conference on Tourism Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia, 13-14 December 2010. The State of the Art and Its Sustainability., 197–204. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/16410928=page28
Shukur, N. D. S. (2023). Study on Factors Influence Penang as A Food Paradise. Asian Journal of Social Science and Management Technology, 5(6), 13-24.
Al-Tit, A. A. (2015). The Effect of Service and Food Quality on Customer Satisfaction and Hence Customer Retention. Asian Social Science, 11(23). DOI:10.5539/ass.v11n23p129
Ali, D., Alam, M., & Bilal, H. (2021). The Influence of Service Quality, Price and Environment on Customer Loyalty in the Restaurant’s Industry. The Mediating Role of Customer Satisfaction. Journal of Accounting and Finance in Emerging Economics. Vol 7 (1), 143-154. DOI:10.26710/jafee.v7i1.1587
Anjum, U., Aftab, J., Sultan, Q., & Ahmed, M. (2016). Factors affecting the service quality and customer satisfaction in telecom industry of Pakistan. International Journal of Management, Accounting and Economics, 3(9), 509-520.
Bellia, C., Pilato, M. & Seraphin, H. (2016). Street food and food safety: a driver for tourism? Quality-Access to Success, Vol. 17 (1), pp. 20-27.
Benny-Ollivierra, C. & Badrie, N. (2007). Hygienic practices by vendors of the street food “doubles” and public perception of vending practices in Trinidad, West Indies. Journal of Food Safety, 27, 66 - 81.
Buttle, F. (1996). SERVQUAL: review, critique, research agenda. European Journal of Marketing, 30(1), pp. 8-32. https://doi.org/10.1108/03090569610105762
Canny, I.U. (2014). Measuring the mediating role of dining experience attributes on customer satisfaction and its impact on behavioral intentions of casual dining restaurant in Jakarta. International Journal of Innovation Management, 5, 25–29.
Caruana, A., Money, A. H., & Berthon, P. R. (2000). Service quality and satisfaction: The moderating role of value. European Journal of Marketing, 34(11/12), 1338-1353. DOI:10.1108/03090560010764432
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2024). People at Increased Risk for Food Poisoning. https://www.cdc.gov/food-safety/risk-factors/index.html
Cheng, J. S. (2014). Effects of service quality on organizational performance. Pakistan Journal of Statistics, 30 (6), 1131-1140.
Elseidi, R. (2018). Determinants of halal purchasing intentions: evidence from UK. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 9(1), 167-190. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-02-2016-0013
Farhana, Z., Sutradhar, N. & Mustafa, T. (2020). Food Safety and Environmental Awareness of street food vendors of the Dhaka university campus, Bangladesh. Bangladesh Journal of Zoology, 48 (1), pp 181 – 188.
Gong, T. & Youjae Y. (2018). The effect of service quality on customer satisfaction, loyalty, and happiness in five Asian countries. Psychology & Marketing, https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.21096
Hanaysha, J. (2016). Testing the Effect of Food Quality, Price Fairness and Physical Environments: What the customer wants. Procedia-Social and Behavioural Sciences, 38, 380-387.
Hansen, T. (2002). The effect of Physical Surroundings in Usage Situations on Consumer Perception of Food Quality and on Consumer Emotions. Journal of International Consumer Marketing. Vol 15(1), 31-51. DOI:10.1300/J046v15n01_03
Hashim, F. A., Mohamad, F. B. & Saadiah, R. P. R. A. (2012). Restaurant’s Atmospheric Elements: What the Customer Wants. Procedia – Social and Behavioural Sciences, 38, 380-387.
Hennig-Thurau, T., Gwinner, K. P., Walsh, G. & Gremler, D.D. (2004). Electronic word-of-mouth via consumer-opinion platforms: What motivates consumer to articulate themselves on the Internet? Journal of Interactive Marketing, 18(1), 38-52.
Henson, S. & Traill, B. (1993). The demand for food safety: Market imperfections and the role of government. Food Policy, Vol. 18(2), pages 152-162.
Hightower, R., Brady, M. K. & Baker, T. L. (2023). Investigating the role of the physical environment in hedonic service consumption: An exploratory study of sporting events. Journal of Business Research, 55 (9), 697-707.
Hossny, M. (2022). Factors Affecting Customers Purchase Decision in Fast Food Restaurant: The Mediating Role of Dissatisfaction and Negative Word of Mouth. International Journal of Heritage, Tourism and Hospitality, 13 (1), 1-12.
Jeong, J., & Seo, S. (2014). Importance of satisfaction with food for older adults’ quality of life. British Food Journal, 116 (8), 1276-1290. https://doi.org/10.1108/BFJ-01-2013-0019.
Kankam, G. (2023). Service quality and business performance: the mediating role of Innovation. Discover Analytics, 1(6).
Kealesitse, B. & Kabama, I. (2012). Exploring the Influence of Quality and Safety on Consumers' Food Purchase Decisions in Botswana. International Journal of Business Administration, 3 (10).
Kesumasari, D. (2020). Understanding physical settings of street vendors in Surakarta, Indonesia. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 490.
Konuk, F.A. (2019). The influence of perceived food quality, price fairness, perceived value and satisfaction on customers’ revisit and word-of-mouth intentions towards organic food restaurants. Journal of Retail Consumption Service, 50, 103–110.
Koo, L. C., Tao, F. K., & Yeung, J. H. (1999). Preferential segmentation of restaurant attributes through conjoint analysis. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 242-250.
Loh, Z. & Hassan, S. H. (2021). Consumers’ attitude, perceived risks and perceived benefits towards repurchase intention of food truck products. British Food Journal, Vol 124 (4), 1314-1332. https://doi.org/10.1108/BFJ-03-2021-0216
Loriato, H. N. & Pelissari, A. S. (2017), “Atributos determinantes na decisão de compra e satisfação dos clientes: um estudo em estabelecimentos que comercializam comida de rua”. Revista Brasileira de Pesquisa em Turismo, Vol. 11 (1), pp. 109-132.
Ma L., Chen H., Yan H., Wu L., Zhang W. (2019). Food Safety Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behavior of Street Food Vendors and Consumers in Handan, a Third Tier City in China. BMC Public Health, 19, 1128. DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7475-9.
Madaleno, A., Eusébio, C. & Varum, Celeste. (2017). Purchase of local food products during trips by international visitors. International Journal of Tourism Research,. 20.
McNeil, P., & Young, C. A. (2019). Customer satisfaction in gourmet food trucks: Exploring attributes and their relationship with customer satisfaction. Journal of Foodservice Business Research, 22(4), 1-25. DOI:10.1080/15378020.2019.1614400
Moorthy, K., Ting, L. C., Hao, O. Z., Seong, C. K., Ailin, E. C., Chee, T. Y, & Min, Y. C. (2019). Tourists’ Satisfaction on Penang Hawker Centres, Malaysia. South Asian Research Journal of Business Management, 2(1), 46-59.
Morano, R. S., Barichello, A., Jacomossi, R.R., D’Acosta-Rivera, J.R. (2018). Street food: factors influencing perception of product quality. RAUSP Management Journal, 53 (4), 535-554. https://doi.org/10.1108/RAUSP-06-2018-0032
Namkung, Y., & Jang, S. (2007). Does food quality really matter in restaurants? Its impact on customer satisfaction and behavioral intentions. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Research, 31(3), 387-409.
Ngah, C. H. C., Mohd Rosli, N. F., Lotpi, M. H. & Samsudin, A. (2022). A Review on the elements of Restaurant Physical Environment Towards Customer Satisfaction. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 12(11). DOI:10.6007/IJARBSS/v12-i11/15621
Nguyen, N., & Leblanc, G. (2002)/ Contact personnel, physical environment and the perceived corporate image of intangible services by new clients. International Journal of Service Industry Management, 13(3), 242-262.
Nokman, N. N. S., Syed, H. S. A., Ab Aziz, W. S. N. A., Abdullah, S. K. & Yildirim, N. S. (2023). Food Neophilia, Social Network and Emotional Incident as Factors Contributing to Destination Food Images among Tourists: A Study of Mamak Stalls in Penang. Asian Journal of Research in Education and Social Sciences, VOL 5(3), p. 398-407.
Omar, M. S., Ariffin, H. F., & Ahmad, R. (2016). Service quality, customers’ satisfaction and the moderating effects of gender: A study of Arabic restaurants. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 224, 384-392
Penang Insider (2024). Penang Food: 26 Must Eat Dishes to Start Your Food Hunt. https://www.penang-insider.com/penang-food/
Ramli, M. A. (2023). Quality Service: A Benchmark Setting for Customer Satisfaction in Food Services in Kuala Lumpur Region. Online Journal for TVET Practitioners, 8(1). DOI:10.30880/ojtp.2023.08.01.009
Rheinländer, T., Olsen, M., Bakang, J. A., Takyi, H., Konradsen, F., & Samuelsen, H. (2008). Keeping up appearances: perceptions of street food safety in urban Kumasi, Ghana. Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine, 85(6), 952–964. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11524-008-9318-3
Ryu, K., & Han, H. (2011). New or Repeat Customers: How Does Physical Environment Influence Their Restaurant Experience? International Journal of Hospitality Management, 30, 599–611. DOI: 10.1016/J.Ijhm.2010.11.004
Ryu, K., Lee, H. & Kim, W.G. (2012). The influence of the quality of the physical environment, food, and service on restaurant image, customer perceived value, customer satisfaction, and behavioural intentions. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,. 24(2), 200-223. DOI:10.1108/09596111211206141
Saleh, F., & Ryan, C. (1991). Analysing service quality in the hospitality industry using the SERVQUAL model. The Service Industries Journal, 11(3), 324-345.
Seo, K. & Lee, J. (2021). Understanding Risk Perception toward Food Safety in Street Food: The Relationship among Service Quality, Values and Repurchase Intention. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18, 6826.
Tuzunkan, D. & Albayrak, A. (2016). The Importance of Restaurant Physical Environment for Turkish Customers. Journal of Tourism Research & Hospitality, 5 (1), 1-7.
Yen, L. Y. & Jung, C. J. (2022). Analysis of Consumer Behaviour in Catering Consumption. International Journal of Organizational Innovation, Vol. 14, 110-117.
Yong, R. Y., Ahmad Jailani, A. J., Muhamad Amin, S. F. & Abdul Kadir, M. A. (2020). Service Quality, Satisfaction and Destination Loyalty of Gastronomic Tourist: A Case Study of Street Food Stalls in George Town, Penang. City University eJournal of Academic Research, 2(1), 125-139.
Zhao, L., Lu, Y., Zhang, L., & Chau, P. (2012). Assessing the effects of service quality and justice on customer satisfaction and the continuance intention of mobile value-added services: An empirical test of a multidimensional model. Decision Support Systems, 52, 645-656.

Yusof, N. S., & Ramli, K. I. (2025). Evaluating Local Street Food Service Quality: Insights from Visitors to Penang. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 15(1), 1447–1463.