Journal Screenshot

International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences

Open Access Journal

ISSN: 2222-6990

The Role of Cybersecurity Governance in Enhancing the Sustainability of Jordanian Financial Institutions: Strategies and Trends

Khaw Khai Wah, Mohammad Rafiq Zureigat

http://dx.doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v15-i4/25305

Open access

Cybersecurity governance plays a pivotal role in enhancing the sustainability of financial institutions, especially with increasing reliance on technology. This study explores the role of cybersecurity governance in supporting the sustainability of Jordanian financial institutions, focusing on strategies to reduce cyber risks and ensure long-term stability. Reviewing current literature, the study emphasizes the importance of robust cybersecurity measures to protect institutions from evolving cyber threats. Findings highlight that effective information security management and proactive risk assessment are essential for operational continuity and the safeguarding of sensitive data. The study also examines Jordanian financial institutions' unique challenges and opportunities in adopting advanced cybersecurity practices, considering the country’s regulatory environment and technological infrastructure. Results suggest that continuous advancements in cybersecurity frameworks and risk management strategies are critical to addressing emerging threats and supporting sustainable growth in the financial sector. The study offers practical recommendations for policymakers and practitioners in Jordan and similar regions, stressing the need for ongoing improvements in cybersecurity measures to ensure financial stability and enhance long-term resilience.

Abrahams, T. O. (2024). A review of cybersecurity strategies in modern organizations: Examining the evolution and effectiveness of cybersecurity measures for data protection. Omputer Science & IT Research Journal, 5(1), 1–25.
Achuthan, K., Sankaran, S., Roy, S., & Raman, R. (2025). Integrating sustainability into cybersecurity: insights from machine learning based topic modeling. Discover Sustainability, 6(1), 44. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43621-024-00754-w
Adewusi, A. O., Okoli, U. I., Adaga, E., Olorunsogo, T., Asuzu, O. F., &, & Daraojimba, D. O. (2024). BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE IN THE ERA OF BIG DATA: A REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL TOOLS AND COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE. Computer Science & IT Research Journal, 5(2), 415–431. https://doi.org/10.51594/csitrj.v5i2.791
Akintuyi, O. B. (2024). AI in agriculture: A comparative review of developments in the USA and Africa. Research Journal of Science and Engineering, 10(02), 060–070.
Al-Akaleek, Dr. H. (2024). Strengthening financial institutions (Jordanian banks) against cyber threats using advanced security strategies. Khaberni. Retrieved from https://www.khaberni.com/news/?????-????????-???????-??????-????????-??-?????????-???-635782
Al-Akkalik, H. (2025). Legal frameworks for cybersecurity in Jordan. Al-Ghad Newspaper. Retrieved Fromhttps://Alghad.Com/1909699, 1.
AlDaajeh, S., & Alrabaee, S. (2024). Strategic cybersecurity. Computers and Security, 141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cose.2024.103845
AL-Dosari, K., & Fetais, N. (2023). Risk-Management Framework and Information-Security Systems for Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs): A Meta-Analysis Approach. Electronics (Switzerland), 12(17). https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12173629
Alhanatleh, H., Khaddam, A., Abudabaseh, F., Alghizzawi, M., & Alzghoul, A. (2024). Enhancing the public value of mobile fintech services through cybersecurity awareness antecedents: A novel framework in Jordan. Investment Management and Financial Innovations, 21(1), 417–430. https://doi.org/10.21511/imfi.21(1).2024.32
Ali, B. J. A., Salem, M., Umm, O., & Quwain, A. (2021). ACCOUNTING INFORMATION SYSTEM AND FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY OF COMMERCIAL AND ISLAMIC BANKS: A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/352020143
Aljaloudi, O., Dacre, N., & Al-Mhdawi, M. K. S. (2024). Decoding the Nexus Between Credit Risk Challenges and Banks Performance: Perspectives from Commercial Banks in Jordan.
Al-Kasassbeh, F. Y., Ghazleh, A. M. A., Kareem, M. J. M., & breizat, M. O. (2023). International and National Efforts to Protect Cyber Security: Jordan Case Study. International Journal of Cyber Criminology, 17(2), 350–363. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4766720
Al-Khasawneh, R. O. (2023). Importance of Electronic Accounting Information Systems in Improving Financial Information Security in Jordanian Electronic Payment and Money Transfer Companies. International Journal of Professional Business Review, 8(7), e02777. https://doi.org/10.26668/businessreview/2023.v8i7.2777
Al-Khatib, S. F., Ibrahim, Y. Y., & Alnadi, M. (2025). Cybersecurity Practices and Supply Chain Performance: The Case of Jordanian Banks. Administrative Sciences, 15(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci15010001
Al-ma’aitah, M. A. (2022). Investigating the drivers of cybersecurity enhancement in public organizations: The case of Jordan. Electronic Journal of Information Systems in Developing Countries, 88(5). https://doi.org/10.1002/isd2.12223
Almaiah, M. A., Al-Khasawneh, A., & Althunibat, A. (2020). Exploring the critical challenges and factors influencing the E-learning system usage during COVID-19 pandemic. Education and Information Technologies, 25(6), 5261–5280. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-020-10219-y
Al-Mamlaka TV. (2024). Cybersecurity: We dealt with 2,455 cybersecurity incidents last year. Https://Bit.Ly/3x2yZ3B, 1.
Almansoori, A., Al-Emran, M., & Shaalan, K. (2023). Exploring the Frontiers of Cybersecurity Behavior: A Systematic Review of Studies and Theories. In Applied Sciences (Switzerland) (Vol. 13, Issue 9). MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13095700
Al-Mbaideen, I. (2024). Cyber threats plan... Does it protect the data of organizations and individuals? Alghad. Retrieved from https://alghad.com/Section-181/??????/???-??????-?????????-??????????-??-????-??????-????????-????????-1685767
Al-Momani, A. M., Sarram, M., Zighan, S. M., Al-Majali, R. T., Al-shanableh, N., Saatchi, S. G., Shatnawi, T. M., Alajarmeh, N. S., Al-Hawary, S. I. S., & Mohammad, A. A. S. (2024). The Influence of Cybersecurity Leadership on the Resilience of Jordanian Businesses: A Study on the Role of Cybersecurity Measures in Entrepreneurial Success. In Studies in Computational Intelligence (Vol. 1152, pp. 1–15). Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-57242-5_1
Alsobeh, A. M. R., Alazzam, I., Shatnawi, A. M. J., & Khasawneh, I. (2023). Cybersecurity awareness factors among adolescents in Jordan: Mediation effect of cyber scale and personal factors. Online Journal of Communication and Media Technologies, 13(2). https://doi.org/10.30935/ojcmt/12942
Amer, T. B., Ibrahim, M., & Al-Omar, A. (2023a). The Impact of Cyber Security on Preventing and Mitigating Electronic Crimes in the Jordanian Banking Sector. In IJACSA) International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications (Vol. 14, Issue 8). www.ijacsa.thesai.org
Arabyat, Y. A. (2023). Overview of cybersecurity trends in Jordan’s financial sector. In International Conference of Reliable Information and Communication Technology, 285–292.
Aturamu, O. A., Thompson, O. A., &, & Akintuyi, B. O. (2021). FORECASTING THE EFFECT OF CLIMATE VARIABILITY ON YAM YIELD IN RAIN FOREST AND GUINEA SAVANNAH AGRO-ECOLOGICAL ZONE OF NIGERIA. FORECASTING THE EFFECT OF CLIMATE VARIABILITY ON YAM YIELD IN RAINFOREST AND GUINEA SAVANNAH AGRO-ECOLOGICAL ZONE OF NIGERIA. Original Research Article Journal of Global Agriculture and Ecology, 11(4), 1–12. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/354282449
Ayorinde, O. B., Etukudoh, E. A., Nwokediegwu, Z. Q. S., Ibekwe, K. I., Umoh, A. A., Hamdan, A., & Igbinenikaro, O. P. (2024). Renewable energy projects in Africa: A review of climate finance strategies. International Journal of Science and Research Archive, 11(1), 923–932.
BAKALÁ?SKÁ PRÁCE. (2021). 3830 | Sanjiv Kumar An Analysis Of The Problems And Issues With Cyber Security An Analysis Of The Problems And Issues With Cyber Security. 20(4), 3830–3836. https://doi.org/10.17051/ilkonline.2021.04.419
Bani-Khalid, T. (2019). Examining the quantity and quality of online sustainability disclosure within the Jordanian industrial sector: A test of GRI guidelines. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 17(4), 141–152. https://doi.org/10.21511/ppm.17(4).2019.12
Bhargava, R. (2021). Cyber Crime And Cyber Security In Madhya Pradesh. NJESR, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.53571/NJESR
Bodin, L. D., Gordon, L. A., & Loeb, M. P. (2008). Information security and risk management. Communications of the ACM, 51(4), 64–68. https://doi.org/10.1145/1330311.1330325
Brezavš?ek, A., & Baggia, A. (2025). Recent Trends in Information and Cyber Security Maturity Assessment: A Systematic Literature Review. In Systems (Vol. 13, Issue 1). Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI). https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13010052
Bromiley, P., McShane, M., Nair, A., & Rustambekov, E. (2015). Enterprise Risk Management: Review, Critique, and Research Directions. Long Range Planning, 48(4), 265–276. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.2014.07.005
Bulgurcu, B., Cavusoglu, H., & Benbasat, I. (2010). SPECIAL ISSUE INFORMATION SECURITY POLICY COMPLIANCE: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF RATIONALITY-BASED BELIEFS AND INFORMATION SECURITY AWARENESS 1. http://www.misq.org
Carol Siegel, B. A., Sagalow, T. R., & Serritella, P. (2002). Cyber-Risk Management: Technical and Insurance Controls for Enterprise-Level Security.
Cele, N. N., & Kwenda, S. (2024). Do cybersecurity threats and risks have an impact on the adoption of digital banking? A systematic literature review. In Journal of Financial Crime. Emerald Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFC-10-2023-0263
Cherdantseva, Y., Burnap, P., Blyth, A., Eden, P., Jones, K., Soulsby, H., & Stoddart, K. (2016). A review of cyber security risk assessment methods for SCADA systems. In Computers and Security (Vol. 56, pp. 1–27). Elsevier Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cose.2015.09.009
Chukwurah, E. G., Okeke, C. D., &, & Ekechi, C. C. (2024). Innovation green technology in the age of cybersecurity: Balancing sustainability goals with security concerns. Computer Science & IT Research Journal, 5(5), 1048–1075. https://doi.org/10.51594/csitrj.v5i5.1115
Dawodu, S. O., Akindote, O. J. , Adegbite, A. O., & Ewuga, S. K. (2023). CYBERSECURITY RISK ASSESSMENT IN BANKING: METHODOLOGIES AND BEST PRACTICES. Computer Science & IT Research Journal, 4(3), 220–243. https://doi.org/10.51594/csitrj.v659
Day, R., & W. T. (2009). CSR reporting and the UK financial services sector. Ournal of Applied Accounting Research, 10(3), 159–175.
De Arroyabe, I. F., Arranz, C. F., Arroyabe, M. F., & de Arroyabe, J. C. F. (2023). Cybersecurity capabilities and cyber-attacks as drivers of investment in cybersecurity systems: A UK survey for 2018 and 2019. Computers and Security, 124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cose.2022.102954
deniran, I. A., Abhulimen, A. O. , Obiki-Osafiele, A. N., Osundare, O. S., Agu, E. E., &, & Efunniyi, C. P. (2024). Strategic risk management in financial institutions: Ensuring robust regulatory compliance. Finance & Accounting Research Journal, 6(8), 1582–1596. https://doi.org/10.51594/farj.v6i8.1508
Despotovi?, A., Parmakovi?, A., &, & Miljkovi?, M. (2023). Cybercrime and cyber security in fintech. In Digital Transformation of the Financial Industry: Approaches and Applications , 255–272.
Doherty, N. F. (2009). The information security policy unpacked: A critical study of the content of university policies. International Journal of Information Management, 29(6), 449–457.
Elogie, A., Joy Ikenwe, I., Magnus Igbinovia, O., & Ann Elogie, A. (2016). Information Security in the Digital Age: The Case of Developing Countries. In Chinese Librarianship: an International Electronic Journal.
Ernest Chang, S. , & L. C. S. (2007). Exploring organizational culture for information security management. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 107(3), 438–458.
Espinoza, A. M. R., Nina, E. D. M., &, & Dávila, G. D. (2020). Estrategias financieras sostenibles aplicadas ante situaciones de riesgo empresarial: un análisis bibliográfico Sustainable financial strategies applied to business risk situations: a literature review.
Familoni, B. T., &, & Shoetan, P. O. (2020). Information and cyber security maturity models: a systematic literature review. In Information and Computer Security (Vol. 28, Issue 4, pp. 627–644). Emerald Group Holdings Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1108/ICS-03-2019-0039
Familoni, B. T., &, & Shoetan, P. O. (2024). CYBERSECURITY IN THE FINANCIAL SECTOR: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE USA AND NIGERIA. Computer Science & IT Research Journal, 5(4), 850–877. https://doi.org/10.51594/csitrj.v5i4.1046
Gulyas, O., & Kiss, G. (2023). Impact of cyber-Attacks on the financial institutions. Procedia Computer Science, 219, 84–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2023.01.267
Hasan, S., Ali, M., Kurnia, S., & Thurasamy, R. (2021). Evaluating the cyber security readiness of organizations and its influence on performance. Journal of Information Security and Applications, 58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jisa.2020.102726
Ige, A. B., Kupa, E., & Ilori, O. (2024). Aligning sustainable development goals with cybersecurity strategies: Ensuring a secure and sustainable future. GSC Advanced Research and Reviews, 19(3), 344–360. https://doi.org/10.30574/gscarr.2024.19.3.0236
Jalali, M. S., Siegel, M., & Madnick, S. (2019). Decision-making and biases in cybersecurity capability development: Evidence from a simulation game experiment. Journal of Strategic Information Systems, 28(1), 66–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsis.2018.09.003
Jan, A. A., Lai, F. W., & Tahir, M. (2021). Developing an Islamic Corporate
Governance framework to examine sustainability performance in Islamic Banks and Financial Institutions. Journal of Cleaner Production, 315. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.128099
Jordan News Agency (Petra). (2024). Jordan enhances international cooperation in cybersecurity. Https://Www.Pm.Gov.Jo., 1–1.
Karjalainen, M. (2019). Toward a theory of information systems security behaviors of organizational employees: A dialectical process perspective. Information Systems Research, 30(2), 687–704.
Kavitha, V., & Preetha, S. (2019). CYBER SECURITY ISSUES AND CHALLENGES - A REVIEW. A Monthly Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology, 8(11), 1–6.
Khan, A. W., Zaib, S., Khan, F., Tarimer, I., Seo, J. T., & Shin, J. (2022). Analyzing and Evaluating Critical Cyber Security Challenges Faced by Vendor Organizations in Software Development: SLR Based Approach. In IEEE Access (Vol. 10, pp. 65044–65054). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3179822
Kumar, P., Kumar, A. A., Sahayakingsly, C., & Udayakumar, A. (2021). Analysis of intrusion detection in cyber attacks using DEEP learning neural networks. Peer-to-Peer Networking and Applications, 14(4), 2565–2584. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12083-020-00999-y
Kuo, Y. C., Huang, Y. H., Sun, L., Small, G., & Lin, S. J. (2023). Identifying key factors of sustainability practice in financial institutions based on decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory method. Asian Review of Accounting, 31(5), 661–679. https://doi.org/10.1108/ARA-07-2022-0164
Kure, H. I., Islam, S., & Mouratidis, H. (2022). An Integrated Cyber Security Risk Management Framework and Risk Predication for the Critical Infrastructure Protection.
Kure, H. I., Islam, S., & Razzaque, M. A. (2018). An integrated cyber security risk management approach for a cyber-physical system. Applied Sciences (Switzerland), 8(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/app8060898
Madnick, S. E. (1978). Management policies and procedures needed for effective computer security. Sloan Management Review (Pre-1986), 20(1:61).
Marotta, A., & McShane, M. (2018). Integrating a Proactive Technique Into a Holistic Cyber Risk Management Approach. Risk Management and Insurance Review, 21(3), 435–452. https://doi.org/10.1111/rmir.12109
McShane, M., Eling, M., & Nguyen, T. (2021). Cyber risk management: History and future research directions. Risk Management and Insurance Review, 24(1), 93–125. https://doi.org/10.1111/rmir.12169
Morioka, S. N., & de Carvalho, M. M. (2016). A systematic literature review towards a conceptual framework for integrating sustainability performance into business. Ournal of Cleaner Production, 136, 134–146.
Mutamimah, M., Zaenudin, Z., & Bin Mislan Cokrohadisumarto, W. (2022). Risk management practices of Islamic microfinance institutions to improve their financial performance and sustainability: a study on Baitut Tamwil Muhammadiyah, Indonesia. Qualitative Research in Financial Markets, 14(5), 679–696. https://doi.org/10.1108/QRFM-06-2021-0099
Naciti, V. (2019). ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT Corporate governance and board of directors: the effect of a board composition on firm sustainability performance.
National Cyber Security Center. (2023). The Reality of Cybersecurity in Jordan 2023.
Nesakumar, D. (2022). Smart ATM card for multiple bank accounts. In 2022 International Interdisciplinary Humanitarian Conference for Sustainability, 1228–1232.
Obasi, S. C. (2024). Cybersecurity’s role in environmental protection and sustainable development: Bridging technology and sustainability goals. Computer Science & IT Research Journal, 5(5), 1145–1177.
Odebade, A. T. (2023). A Comparative Study of National Cyber Security Strategies of ten nations.
Odumesi, J. O., & Sanusi, B. S. (2023). Achieving Sustainable Development Goals from a Cybersecurity Perspective. Advances in Multidisciplinary and Scientific Research Journal Publication, 2(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.22624/aims/csean-smart2023p3
Patel, S. (2005). Supervisory control and data acquisition remote terminal unit testbed. Intelligent Systems Research Laboratory Technical Report TR-ISRL-05-01, Department of Computer Engineering and Computer Science. Louisville, Kentucky: University of Louisville, 24–26.
Reis, O. (2024). Privacy law challenges in the digital age: a global review of legislation and enforcement. International Journal of Applied Research in Social Sciences, 6(1), 73–88.
Rondelez, R. (2018). Governing cyber security through networks: An analysis of cyber security coordination in Belgium. International Journal of Cyber Criminology, 12(1), 300–315. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1467929
Samiun, A. A. , Sudarmanto, E., Gilaa, T., Majid, J., & Purwanto, P. (2024). The Effect of Financial Planning, Sustainable Investment, and Risk Management on Business Sustainability in the SME Sector. Sciences Du Nord Economics and Business, 1(02), 100–108. https://doi.org/10.58812/2f7qkk43
Santorry, S. (2024). Evaluating the Impact of Technological Innovations on Operational Risk Management in Financial Institutions. https://thejoas.com/index.php/
Sava?, S., & Karata?, S. (2022). Cyber governance studies in ensuring cybersecurity: an overview of cybersecurity governance. International Cybersecurity Law Review, 3(1), 7–34. https://doi.org/10.1365/s43439-021-00045-4
Schatz, D., Bashroush, R., & Wall, J. (2017). Towards a More Representative Definition of Cyber Security. The Journal of Digital Forensics, Security and Law. https://doi.org/10.15394/jdfsl.2017.1476
Shad, M. K. (2020). The efficacy of sustainability reporting towards cost of debt and equity reduction. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 27, 22511–22522.
Shao, X., Siponen, M., & Liu, F. (2020). Shall we follow? Impact of reputation concern on information security managers’ investment decisions. Computers and Security, 97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cose.2020.101961
Shulha, O., Yanenkova, I., Kuzub, M., Muda, I., & Nazarenko, V. (2022). Banking Information Resource Cybersecurity System Modeling. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 8(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc8020080
Singh, A. N., Gupta, M. P., & Ojha, A. (2014). Identifying factors of “organizational information security management.” Journal of Enterprise Information Management, 27(5), 644–667. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEIM-07-2013-0052
Siponen, M., & Willison, R. (2009). Information security management standards: Problems and solutions. Information and Management, 46(5), 267–270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2008.12.007
Soomro, Z. A., Shah, M. H., & Ahmed, J. (2016). Information security management needs more holistic approach: A literature review. International Journal of Information Management, 36(2), 215–225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2015.11.009
Srinidhi, B. (2015). Allocation of resources to cyber-security: The effect of misalignment of interest between managers and investors. Decision Support Systems, 75, 49–62.
Srouji, A. F., Hamdallah, M. E., Al-Hamadeen, R., Al-Okaily, M., & Elamer, A. A. (2023). The impact of green innovation on sustainability and financial performance: Evidence from the Jordanian financial sector. Business Strategy and Development, 6(4), 1037–1052. https://doi.org/10.1002/bsd2.296
Stanikzai, A. Q., & Shah, M. A. (2021). Evaluation of Cyber Security Threats in Banking Systems. 2021 IEEE Symposium Series on Computational Intelligence, SSCI 2021 - Proceedings. https://doi.org/10.1109/SSCI50451.2021.9659862
Suku, P. G., Ugwoha, E., Orikpete, O. F., & Ewim, D. R. E. (2023). Assessment of respiratory and reproductive impacts of artisanal refinery activities on male Albino Wistar rats: implications for environmental health. Bulletin of the National Research Centre, 47(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s42269-023-01121-x
Sulich, A., Krawczyk-Jezierska, A., Jezierski, J., & Zema, T. (2021). Cybersecurity and sustainable development. Procedia Computer Science, 192, 20–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2021.08.003
Taherdoost, H. (2022). Cybersecurity vs. Information Security. Procedia Computer Science, 215, 483–487. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2022.12.050
Tam, T., Rao, A., & Hall, J. (2021). The Good, The Bad and The Missing: A Narrative Review of Cyber-security Implications for Australian Small Businesses. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cose.2021.102385
Tariq, E., Akour, I., Al-Shanableh, N., Alquqa, E. K., Alzboun, N., Al-Hawary, S. I. S., & Altruize, M. T. (2024). How cybersecurity influences fraud prevention: An empirical study on Jordanian commercial banks. International Journal of Data and Network Science, 8(1), 69–76. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.ijdns.2023.10.016
Tawfik, O. I., Kamar, S. H., & Bilal, Z. O. (2021). The Effect of Sustainable Dimensions on the Financial Performance of Commercial Banks: A Comparative Study in Emerging Markets. Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 8(3), 1121–1133. https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2021.vol8.no3.1121
Turk, Ž., García de Soto, B., Mantha, B. R. K., Maciel, A., & Georgescu, A. (2022). A systemic framework for addressing cybersecurity in construction. Automation in Construction, 133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2021.103988
Uduafemhe, M. E. (2023). Adapting to the New Normal: Equipping Career and Technical Education Graduates with Essential Digital Skills for Remote Employment. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/375599146
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD). (2022). Jordan: Assessment of readiness for e-commerce. Https://Unctad.Org/System/Files/Official-Document/Dtlstict2021d6_ar.Pdf, UNCTAD/DTL/STICT, Ed, 3–122.
Venter, H. S., Loock, M., Coetzee, M., & Eloff, M. M. (2014). From Information Security to Cyber Security Cultures: In 2014 Information Security for South Africa (pp. 1-7). Vol. IEEE.
Von Solms, B., &, & Von Solms, R. (2018). Von Solms, B., & Von Solms, R. (2018). Cybersecurity and information security–what goes where? Information & Computer Security, 26(1), 2–9.
Von Solms, R., & Van Niekerk, J. (2013). From information security to cyber security. Computers and Security, 38, 97–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cose.2013.04.004
Weber, O. (2014). Corporate social responsibility of the financial sector–strengths, weaknesses and the impact on sustainable development. Sustainable Development, 22(5), 321–335.
Xie, Z., Liu, X., Najam, H., Fu, Q., Abbas, J., Comite, U., Cismas, L. M., & Miculescu, A. (2022). Achieving Financial Sustainability through Revenue Diversification: A Green Pathway for Financial Institutions in Asia. Sustainability (Switzerland), 14(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/su14063512

Wah, K. K., & Zureigat, M. R. (2025). The Role of Cybersecurity Governance in Enhancing the Sustainability of Jordanian Financial Institutions: Strategies and Trends. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 15(4), 1038–1057.