ISSN: 2222-6990
Open access
Purpose: To identify the impact of perceived organizational justice (POJ), the psychological contract (PC), and burnout (BUR) on the employee’s individual performance (IP).
The moderating role of perceived organizational support (POS) is analysed.
Methodology: The study uses a structured questionnaire to gather data from a cross– sectional sample of 407 employees. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) is used to test the proposed hypotheses, and a multi-group analysis is conducted to find how the perception of the PCV can impact on the suggested relationships.
Findings: POJ has a positive impact on the PC and on IP. However, the impact of the PC and the first two dimensions of BUR on IP are not significant. POS moderates some of the suggested relationships.
Implications: contributes to the knowledge about the combined impact of POJ, the PC and BUR, introducing the role of POS as a moderating variable in the relationships between organizations and employees. The global results may inform strategies to secure positive human resource management (HRM) outcomes.
Originality: This research is original in order these concepts and relationships of mediation and moderation are presented in a single study providing a model that depicts a chain of important effects.
Adams, J. (1965). Inequity in social exchange. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in Experimental Social Psychology. 2, pp. 267-299.
Aggarwal, U., & Bhargava, S. (2010). The effects of equity sensitivity, job stressors and perceived organizational support on psychological contract breach. Vision, 14(1/2), pp. 45-55.
Almeida, H. (2013). A longitudinal study about Stress, Burnout and Coping. International Journal of Human Resource Studies, 3(2), pp. 109-125.
Al-Zu'bi, H. (2010). A study of relationship between organizational justice and job satisfaction. International Journal of Business and Management, 5(12), pp. 102-109.
Aqeel, M., & Ahmed, S. (2014). Relationship between Organizational Support and Job Performance. European Academic Research, 1(11), pp. 4878-4885.
Arabaci, I. B. (2010). The effects of depersonalization and organizational cynicism levels on the job satisfaction of educational inspectors. African Journal of Business Management, 4(13), pp. 2802-2811.
Argyris, C. (1960). Understanding organizational behavior. Homewood, Ill. Dorsey Press.
Armeli, S., Eisenberger, R., Fasolo, P., & Lynch, P. (1998). Perceived organizational support and police performance: The moderating influence of socioemotional needs. Journal of Applied Psychology, 83, pp. 288-297.
Arshadi, N., & Hayavi, G. (2013). The Effect of Perceived Organizational Support on Affective. 84, pp. 739-743.
Aryee, S., Chen, Z. X., & Budhwar, P. (2004). Exchange fairness and employee performance: An examination of the relationship between organizational politics and procedural justice. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 94 (1), pp. 1-14.
Aselage, J., & Eisenberger, R. (2003). Perceived organizational support and psychological contracts: A theorical integration. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 24 (5), pp. 491-509.
Assmar, E., Ferreira, M., & Souto, S. (2005). Justiça Organizacional: Uma Revisão Crítica da Literatura. Psicologia: Reflexão e Crítica. Vol.18, 443-453.
Bakhshi, A., Kumar, K., & Rani, E. (2009). Organizational Justice Perceptions as Predictor of Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment. International Journal of Business and Management, Vol. 4 (9), pp. 145-154.
Beheshtifar, M., & Herat, B. (2013). To promove Employees Commitment via Perceived Organizational Support. International Journal of Research in Business and Social Sciences, 3(1), pp. 306-313.
Bies, R., & Moag, J. (1986). Interactional justice: Communication criteria of fairness. In R.J. Lewicki, B.H. Sheppard e M.H. Bazerman (Eds.), Research on Negotiation in Organizations. Vol.1, pp. 43-55.
Brown, L. (2007). Extra role time organizational citizenship behavior, expectations for reciprocity, and burnout: Potential organizational influence via organizational support and psychological contract fulfilment (Doctoral dissertation, NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY).
Brewerton, P. M., & Millward, L. J. (2001). Organizational research methods: A guide for students and researchers. Sage.
Butt, A. (2014). The Study of organizational Justice, Violation of Psychological Contract and its Effect on Job Satisfaction in Paints Industry of Pakistan. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 4(2), pp. 245-458.
Caetano, A., & Vala, J. (1999). Efeitos da justiça organizacional percebida sobre a satisfação no trabalho e as opções comportamentais. Psicologia, Vol.XIII (1-2), pp. 75-84.
Campbell, N., Perry, S., Maertz Jr, C., Allen, D.G., & Griffeth, R. (2013). All you need is...resources: The effects of justice and support on burnout and turnover. Human Relations, 66(6), 759-782.
Cassar, V., & Briner, B. R. (2011). The relationship between psychological contract break and organizational commitment: Exchange imbalance as a moderator of the mediating role of violation. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 78, pp. 283-289.
Cassar, V., & Buttigieg, S. C. (2015). Psychological contract breach, organizational justice and emotional well-being. Personnel Review, 44(2), pp. 217-235.
Chambel, M. J., & Oliveira-Cruz, F. (2010). Breach of psychological contract and the development of burnout and engagement: A longitudinal study among soldiers on a peacekeeping mission. Military Psychology, 22 (2), pp. 110-127.
Chao, J. M., Cheung, F. Y., & Wu, A. M. (2011). Psychological contract breach and counterproductive workplace behaviors: testing moderating effect of attribution style and power distance. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 22(4), pp. 763-777.
Chen, H., Wu, P., & Wie, W. (2012). New perspective on job Burnout: Exploring the root cause beyond general antecedents’ analysis. Psychological Reports, 110(3), pp. 801-819. Choi, S., Cheong, K. (., & Feinberg, R. A. (2012). Moderating effects of supervisor support, monetary rewards, and career paths on the relationship between job burnout and turnover intentions in the context of call centers. Managing Service Quality, An International Journal, 22(5), 492-516.
Chrobot-Mason, D. L. (2003). Keeping the promise: Psychological contract violations for minority employees. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 18(1), 22-45.
Colquitt, J. A., Conlon, D., Wesson, M., Porter, C., & Ng, K. (2001). Justice at the millennium: A meta-analytic review of 25 years of organizational justice research. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(3), pp. 425-445.
Coyle-Shapiro, J., & Conway, N. (2005). Exchange Relationships: Examining Psychological Contracts and Perceived Organisational Support. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90(4), pp. 774781.
Coyle-Shapiro, J., & Kessler, I. (2000). Consequences of the Psychological Contract for the Employment Relationship: A Large Scale Survey. Journal of Management Studies, 37(7), pp. 903-930.
Cropanzano, R., & Greenberg, J. (1997). Progress in organizational justice: Tunnelling though the maze. In C.L. Cooper e I.T. Robertson (Eds.). International Review of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, pp. 317-372.
Deery, S., Iverson, R., & Walsh, J. (2006). Toward a better understanding of psychological contract breach: a study of customer service employees. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(1), pp. 166-175.
Dulac, T., Coyle-Shapiro, J. A., Henderson, D. J., & Wayne, S. J. (2008). Not all responses to breach are the same: The interconnection of social exchange and psychological contract processes in organizations. Journal Academy of Management, 51(6), pp. 1079-1098.
Earley, P., & Lind, E. (1987). Procedural justice and participation in task selection: The role of control in mediating justice judgments. Journal of Personality and social Psychology, 52 (6), pp. 1148-1160.
Edward, M., & Peccei, R. (2010). Perceived organizational support, organizational identification, and employee outcomes testing a simultaneous multifoice model. Journal of Personnel Psychology, 9(1), pp. 17-26.
Eisenberger, R., & Stinglhamber, F. (2011). Perceived organizational support: Fostering enthusiastic and productive employees. American Psychological Association.
Eisenberger, R., Hungtington, R., Hutchison, S., & Sowa, D. (1986). Perceived Organization Support. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71(3), pp. 500-507.
Epitropaki, O. (2012). A multi-level investigation of psychological contract breach and organizational identification through the lens of perceived organizational membership: Testing a moderated-mediated model. Journal of Organizational Behaviour,34, pp. 65-86.
Folger, R., & Cropanzano, R. (1998). Organizational Justice and Human Resource Management.
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unob- servable variables and measurement error. Journal of marketing research, 39-50.
Frenkel, S., & Yu, C. (2011). Managing coworker assistance through organizational identification. Human Performance, 24(5), 387-404.
Greenberg, J. (1990). Organizational justice: Yesterday, today, and tomorrow. Journal of Management, 16(2), pp. 399-432.
Greenberg, J. (2004). Stress fairness to fare no stress: Managing workplace stress by promoting organizational justice. Organizational Dynamics, 33(4), pp. 352-365.
Guzzo, R. A., Noonan, K. A., & Elron, E. (1994). Expatriate managers and the psychological contract. Journal of Applied Psychology, 79(4), pp. 617-626.
Harman, H. H. (1967). Modem factor analysis. Chicago: University of Chicago.
Hartman, S., Yrle, A., & Galle Jr., W. (1999). Procedural and distributive justice: Examining equity in a university setting. Journal of Business Ethics, 20(4), pp. 337-351.
Homans, G. (1961). Social Behaviours: Its elementary forms. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
Jacobs, G., & Belschak, F. D. (2014). (Un)Ethical Behaviour and Performance Appraisal: The Role of Affect, Support, and Organizational Justice. Journal of Business Ethics, 121, pp. 6376.
Jamil, A., Raja, U., & Darr, W. (2013). Psychological Contact Types as Moderator in the
Breach-Violation and Violation-Burnout Relationships. The Journal of psychology, 147(5), pp. 491-515.
Johnson, J. L., & O'Leary?Kelly, A. M. (2003). The effects of psychological contract breach and organizational cynicism: Not all social exchange violations are created equal. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 24(5), pp. 627-647.
Kar, S., & Suar, D. (2014). Role of Burnout in the Relationship between Job Demands and Job Outcomes among Indian Nurses. Vikalpa: The Journal for Decision Makers, 39(4), pp. 23-37.
Kickul, J., Lester, S., & Finkl, J. (2002). Promise breaking during radical organizational change: Do justice interventions make a difference. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 23(4), pp. 469-488.
Konovsky, M., & Cropanzano, R. (1991). Perceived Fairness of employee Drug Testing as a Predictor of Employee and a Job Performance. Journal of Management, 76(5), pp. 698-707.
Lamm, E., Torki-Kharas, J., & King, C. (2015). Empowering Employee Sustainability: Perceived Organizational Support Towards the Environment. Journal of Business Ethics, 128(1), pp. 207-220.
Lv, A., Shen, X., Cao, Y., Yonggang, S., & Chen, X. (2012). Conscientiousness and organizational citizenship behavior: The mediating role of organizational justice. Social Behavior and Personality, 40(8), pp. 1293-1300.
Maslach, C., & Jackson, S. (1981). The Measurement of Experienced Burnout. Journal of Occupational. Behaviour, 2, pp. 99-11.
Maslach, C., & Leiter, M. P. (1997). The truth about burnout: How organizations cause personal stress and what to do about it. San Francisco, CA, US: Jossey-Bass.
Maslach, C., & Schaufeli, W. (1993). Historical and conceptual development of burnout. Professional burnout: Recent developments in Theory and research. pp. 1-16.
Maslach, C., Schaufeli, W. B., & Leiter, M. P. (2001). Job burnout. Annual review of psychology, 52(1), pp. 397-422.
Montes, S., & Irving, P. (2008). Disentangling the effects of promised and delivered inducements: Relational and transactional contract elements and the mediating role of trust. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93(6), pp. 1367-1381.
Mott, P. E. (1972). The characteristics of effective organizations. HarperCollins Publishers.
Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Lee, J. Y., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2003). Common method biases in behavioral research: a critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. Journal of applied psychology, 88(5), 879.
Piccoli, B., & Witte, H. d. (2015). Job insecurity and emotional exhaustion: Testing psychological contract breach versus distributive injustice as indicators of lack of reciprocity. Work & Stress, 29(3), pp. 246-263.
Rastgar, A., & Pourebrahimi, N. (2013). A study of the Relationship between Organizational Justice and Turnover Intentions: Evidence from Iran. International Journal of Research in Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management, 1(2), pp. 1-10.
Rhoades, L., & Eisenberger, R. (2002). Perceived organizational support: A review of the literature. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(4), pp. 698-714.
Robinson, S. (1996). Trust and breach of the psychological contract. Administrative Science Quarterly, 41 (4), pp. 574-599.
Robinson, S. L., & Rousseau, D. M. (1994). Violating the psychological contract: Not the exception but the norm. Journal of organizational behavior, 15(3), 245-259.
Rousseau, D. (1995). Psychological contracts in organizations. Understanding written and unwritten agreements. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Rupp, D. E., & Cropanzano, R. (2002). The mediating effects of social exchange relationships in predicting workplace outcomes from multi-foci organizational justice. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 89(1), 925-946.
Rupp, D., Wright, P. M., Aryee, S., & Luo, Y. (2011). Special issue on "behavioral ethics, Organizational justice, and social responsibility. Management and Organizational Review, 7(2), 385-387.
Schein, E. H. (1980). Organizational Psychology (3rd ed.). Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
Shan, S., Ishaq, H. M., & Maqsood, A. S. (2015). Impact of organizational justice on job performance in libraries Mediating role of leader-member exchange relationship. Library Management, 36 (1/2), pp. 70-85.
Shiu, E., Walsh, G., Hassan, L., & Shaw, D. (2011). Consumer uncertainty revisited. Psychology and Marketing, 28(6), 584–607.
Simba, A., Elloy, D. F., & Huang, H. (2014). The moderated relationship between job burnout and organizational cynicism. Management Decision, 52(3), pp. 482-502.
Siu, O. L., Cooper, C. L., & Phillips, D. R. (2014). Intervention studies on enhancing work well-being, reducing burnout, and improving recovery experiences among Hong Kong health care workers and teachers. International Journal of Stress Management, 21(1), pp. 69-84.
Suazo, M. M., & Turnley, W. H. (2010). Perceived organizational support as a mediator of the relations between individual differences and psychological contract breach. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 25 (6), pp. 620-648.
Tekleab, A. G., Takeuchi, R., & Taylor, S. M. (2005). Extending the Chain of Relationships among Organizational Justice, Social Exchange, and Employee Reactions: The Role of Contract Violations. The Academy of Management Journal, 48(1), pp. 146-157.
Tekleab, A., & Chiaburu, D. (2010). Social exchange: Empirical examination of form and focus. Journal of Business Research, 64, pp. 460-466.
Tokmark, I., Turen, U., & Gökmen, Y. (2012). Exploring the Effects of Human Resources
Management Practices on Organizational Performance and the mediating role of Perceived Organizational Support: An empirical research on Turkish SMEs. European Journal of Social Sciences, 36(2), pp. 253-262.
Turnley, W., & Feldman, D. (2000). Re-examining the effects of psychological contract violations: unmet expectations and job dissatisfaction as mediators". Journal of organizational behavior, 25(1), pp. 25-42.
Twigg, N. W., & Kang, B. (2011). The effect of leadership, perceived support, idealism, and self-esteem on burnout. Journal of Behavioral Studies in Business, 4.
Tyler, T., Degoey, P., & Smith, H. (1996). Understanding why the justice of group matters: A test of the psychological dynamics of the group-value model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70(5), pp. 913-930.
Tziner, A., Oren, L., Bar, Y., & Hadosh, G. (2011). Corporate social responsibility, organizational justice and job satisfaction: how do they interrelate, if at all? Revista de Psicological del trabalho y de las Organizational, 7(1), pp. 67-72.
Zhang, H., & Agarwal, N. (2009). The mediating roles of organizational justice on the relationship between HR practices and work outcomes: an investigation in China. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 20(3), pp. 676-69.
In-Text Citation: (Virgolino et al., 2017)
To Cite this Article: Virgolino, A. I., Coelho, A., & Ribeiro, N. (2017). The Impact of Perceived Organizational Justice, Psychological Contract, and the Burnout on Employee Performance: The Moderating Role of Organizational Support, in the Portuguese Context. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 7(1), 235–357.
Copyright: © 2017 The Author(s)
Published by Human Resource Management Academic Research Society (www.hrmars.com)
This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) license. Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article (for both commercial and non-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. The full terms of this license may be seen at: http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode