ISSN: 2222-6990
Open access
Forced migration and human trafficking are two different but many times interrelated global issues. As a matter of fact, they have become a complicated and never-ending phenomenon. A lot of concerted measures by the governments and relevant stakeholders are in place but far from practical and real results. In fact, in recent past Nigeria has witnessed a significant increase in forced migration and human trafficking more than ever before to overseas countries. Thus, there is nearly no research that links these two critical international issues in Nigeria. Moreover, there is a need for community members and the religious institution as substantial drivers to remedy the plight of migrant and trafficking victims. The study employs a grassroots approach which gives greater emphasis or a particular focus on supporting community development from the bottom-up. This was utilised using process tracing of the qualitative research paradigm. The findings provide the vulnerable victims of forced migration and human trafficking solutions not only in skills acquisition and education but as well as lessen the poverty of the poor individuals in a community. For this reason, significantly contributing to the communities’ development and Nigeria as a whole. The other essential part of this study is the vital role the religious institution plays to eradicate forced migration that leads to human trafficking. Interestingly, the suggestion of this article is a practical blueprint for the policy makers to deepen engagements to address this menace and to better the development of communities.
Akanle, O. (2013). Kinship Networks and International Migration in Nigeria. Cambridge: Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
Bauer, T. K., Giesecke, M., & Janisch, L. (2017). Forced migration and mortality. Ruhr Economic. 713(2), 1-42.
Betts, A. (2009). Forced migration and global politics. West Sussex: John Wiley & Sons.
Bowersox, Z. (2018). Natural Disasters and Human Trafficking: Do Disasters Affect State Anti-Trafficking Performance? International Migration, 56(1), 196-212.
Brinkerhoff, D. W., & Azfar, O. (2006). Decentralization and Community Empowerment: Does community empowerment deepen democracy and improve service delivery? Retrieved from https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/9a3e/cb93bb1af2bbfde68ca2b4dee410d7e4535d.pdf
Brucker, H. Rother, N. Schupp, J. (2016). Forced migration, arrival in Germany, and first steps toward integration, DIW Economic Bulletin, 6,(48), 541-556.
Castles, S., D. & Miller, M., J. (2013). The age of migration: International population movements in the modern world. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Darling, J. (2017). Forced migration and the city: Irregularity, informality, and the politics of presence. Progress in Human Geography, 41(2), 178-198.
Erdal, MB. Oeppen, C. (2018). Forced to leave? The discursive and analytical significance of describing migration as forced and voluntary. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 44,(6), 981-998.
George, E., & Stanley, M. (2018). Exploring the occupational injustices of human trafficking. Journal of Occupational Science, 1-14.
International Labour Organisation. (2018). Forced labour, modern slavery and human trafficking. Retrieved from https://www.ilo.org/global/topics/forced-labour/lang--en/index.htm
International Organisation for Migration. (2016). Global Migration Trends Factsheet. Retrieved from https://www.iom.int/news/iom-releases-global-migration-trends-2015-factsheet
Karyotis, G. (2007). European migration policy in the aftermath of September 11: The security–migration nexus. Innovation, 20(1), 1-17.
Lanzer, T. (2016). What’s going on in Nigeria? Retrieved from http://www.fmreview.org/solutions/lanzer.html
Mills, J. A. Durepos, G & Wiebe, E. (2010). Encyclopedia of Case Study Research. New York: Sage publishing.
Paraskevas, A. Brookes, M. (2018). Human trafficking in hotels: an “invisible” threat for a vulnerable industry. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 30,(3)1-36.
Reed, H. (2018). Forced Migration and Undocumented Migration and Development. Cuny Institute for Demographic Research Population Division Department of Economic and Social Affairs United Nations Secretariat. New York, 1-2 November 2018.
Sief, J. (2017). They fled Boko Haram and famine and then they were forced back. Retrieved from https://www.washingtonpost.com/.../they-fled-boko-haramthey were...back/.../e95c77.
Smith, D, P. (2018). Population geography I: Human trafficking. Progress in Human Geography, 42(2), 297–308.
United Nations. (1951). United Nations High Commission for Refugees Convention. Retrieved from https:/unhcr.org.ua/en/who-we-help/2011-08-26-06-55-36
United Nations. (2000). Protocol to Prevent, suppress and punish trafficking in persons, especially women and children. Retrieved from https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/treaties/CTOC/
Usman, U. M. (2014). Trafficking in women and children as vulnerable groups: Talking through theories of international relations. European Scientific Journal, 10(17), 282-292.
Usman, U. M. Ariffin, R. N. R., & Othman, A. (2017). The Tripartite Trafficking. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 7(11), 1047-1061.
Willis, K. (2011). Theories and practices of development. London: Taylor & Francis.
Wood, William B. (1994). Forced migration: local conflicts and international dilemmas. Annals of the Association of American geographers, 84(4), 607-634.
Yousaf, F. N. (2018). Forced migration, human trafficking, and human security. Current Sociology, 66(2), 209-225.
Zim
In-Text Citation: (Usman, Gwadabe, Jamil, Salleh, & Rizvi, 2019)
To Cite this Article: Usman, U. M., Gwadabe, N. M., Jamil, S., Salleh, M. A., & Rizvi, S. Z. A. (2019). Forced Migration and Human Trafficking: Religion and Community Perspective in Nigeria. International Journal Academic Research Business and Social Sciences, 9(3), 1071–1079.
Copyright: © 2019 The Author(s)
Published by Human Resource Management Academic Research Society (www.hrmars.com)
This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) license. Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article (for both commercial and non-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. The full terms of this license may be seen at: http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode