Journal Screenshot

International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences

Open Access Journal

ISSN: 2222-6990

Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and Income Inequality in ASEAN-5 Countries

Amy Huong Yong Jing, Rossazana Ab-Rahim , Nur-Nadhira Baharuddin

http://dx.doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v10-i1/6843

Open access

Digital economy basically refers to an economy that is based on digital technologies. Embracement of digital economy transforms the economic growth of a nation. Countries that are blessed with a successful digitalization can boost its economic performance; however, it might trigger the income inequality of a country. On this note, income inequality in ASEAN country is relatively higher than other countries. Hence the aim of this study is to examine the relationship between ICT and income inequality in ASEAN-5 countries over the study period of 2009 to 2018. Employs static and dynamic panel data estimation method, the results show mobile-cellular telephone subscription to have the strongest effect on income inequality among the ICT indicators. The findings suggest countries to focus on the innovation of ICT especially on the mobile-cellular telephone subscription, fixed broadband subscription and fixed telephone subscription to achieve economic growth and hence reduce income inequality. Investments in ICT infrastructure promote ICT technology cooperation as well as the advancement of ICT especially on the rise in employment in ICT sector, transformation of government services into digital form to confront with the income inequality.

Arrellano, M., & Bond, S. (1991). Some Tests of Specification for Panel Data: Monte Carlo Evidence and an Application to Employment Equations. Review of Economic Studies, 58(2), 277-297
Anderson, T. W. & Hsiao, C. (2012). Estimation of Dynamic Models with Error Components. American Statistical Asscociation. 76(375), 598-606
ASEAN. (2015). ASEAN ICT Masterplan 2015 Completion Report. Retrieved from: https://www.asean.org/storage/images/2015/December/telmin/ASEAN%20ICT%20Completion%20Report.pdf?fbclid=IwAR2EOmwX_UoA4fqtiUtKnApLK1BAigovol88MunfDG7olTQMSi8fnMCCqEo
Corrado, C., & Ark, V. B. (2016). The Internet and productivity. Handbook on the Economics of the Internet, 120–145.
Czernich, N., Falck, O., Kretschmer, T., & Woessmann, L. (2011). Broadband infrastructure
and economic growth. The Economic Journal, 121, 505-532.
Eick, S. (2007). A History of Indonesian Telecommunication Reform 1999-2006. doi:10.1109/HICSS.2007.16
Gujarati, D. N., & Porter, D. C. (2009). Basic Econometric. United States: McGraw-Hill.
Iacovone, L., & Lopez, M. D. L. P. P. (2018). ICT Adoption and Wage Inequality: Evidence from Mexican Firms. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper, 8298
International Telecommunication Union. (2017). World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators Short Questionnaire 2017. Retrieved from ITU website: https://www.itu.int/en/ITU- D/Statistics/Documents/datacollection/ITU_SQ_2017.pdf
Ismail, M. (2018). Southeast Asia’s widening inequalities. The ASEAN Post. Retrieved from https://theaseanpost.com/article/southeast-asias-widening-inequalities
Kearney, A. T., & Axiata. (2016). The ASEAN Digital Evolution. Retrieved from http://www.southeast-asia.atkearney.com/documents/10192/6986374/ASEAN+ Digital+ Revolution.pdf/86c51659-c7fb-4bc5-b6e1-22be3d801ad2
Kuznet. (1955). Economic Growth and Income Inequality. The American Economic Review, 45(1), 1-28
Latzer, M. (2009). Information and communication technology innovations: radical and disruptive? New Media & Society, 11(4), 599–619. doi:10.1177/1461444809102964
Ministry of Digital Economy and Society (MDES). (2018). National Broadband Policy. Retrieved from http://www.mdes.go.th/view/10/All%20News/e-Publication/24
Moffatt, M. (2019). Essential Economics Terms: Kuznets Curve. Retrieved from ThoughtCo https://www.thoughtco.com/kuznets-curve-in-economics-1146122
OECD. (2014). Inequality hurts economic growth. Retrieved from OECD website: http://www.oecd.org/newsroom/inequality-hurts-economic- growth.htm
Parham, D. (2004). Sources of Australia’s Productivity Revival. Economic Record, 80(249), 239–257. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4932.2004.00175.x
Richmond, K., & Triplett, R. E. (2016). ICT and income inequality: a cross-national perspective. International Review of Applied Economics. 32(2), 195-214. doi: 10.1080/02692171.2017.1338677
Roller, L., & Waverman, L. (2001). Infrastructure and Economic Development: A Simultaneous Approach. American Economic Association. 91(4), 909-923. Retrieved from https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/aer.91.4.909
Ruslijanto, P. A. (2012). Digital Signature’s Legal Position in Electronic Commerce
(Indonesia’s Evidence Law Perspective). 2012 International Conference on Economics Marketing and Management IPEDR.28,189-192
ScienceDirect. (2019). Kuznets curve. Retrieved from Science Direct website: https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/economics-econometrics-and finance/kuznets-curve
Seki, Y. (2008). The Importance of ICT for the Knowledge Economy: A Total Factor Productivity Analysis for Selected OECD Countries. Papers of the Annual IUE-SUNY Cortland Conference in Economics in: Proceedings of the Conference on Emerging Economic Issues in a Globalizing World, (pp. 72-90). Izmir University of Economics.
Sheytanova, T. (2014). The Accuracy of the Hausman Test in Panel Data:
a Monte Carlo Study. Orebro University. Retrieved from http://oru.diva- portal.org/smash/get/diva2:805823/FULLTEXT01.pdf
Spiezia, V. (2012), ICT investments

In-Text Citation: (Jing et al., 2020)
To Cite this Article: Jing, A. H. Y., Ab-Rahim, R., & Baharuddin, N. N. (2020). Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and Income Inequality in ASEAN-5 Countries. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 10(1), 209–223.