ISSN: 2222-6990
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The system of land ownership was introduced to the Malay community through a new system of land laws by the British. This study uses qualitative methods by analyzing the documents available in the National Archives of Malaysia such as Straits Settlements, Federated Malay States, Annual Report, District Office Report and State Secretary files. The findings show that land ownership introduced by the British succeeded in eradicating the system of slavery practiced in Pahang. The new land legal system also facilitated the people to improve their economic standard of living without having to rely on the Sultan and his nobility. The findings of the study are also important to show the role of the Sultan in the Traditional Land System until the emergence of a new system of land laws introduced by the British in Pahang to ensure that the Malays gained their independence as free slaves. In addition, through the land administration system, the nobles who had previously relied heavily on slavery in land enterprises, could no longer do so under British rule after the introduction of land laws. In conclusion, the community is able to cultivate its own land and reap the benefits of the plantation to ensure its survival without having to pay tax to the growers.
Document
British Adviser’s office Selangor. (1954). A General Survey of New Villages. Kuala Lumpur: Government Press.
Census of Pahang. (1891). Straits Settlement Government Gazette, 1892. Kuala Lumpur: National Archives of Malaysia.
Colonial Office 273/142. (1886). Granville to Meade, 18 Mei 1886. Kuala Lumpur: National Archives of Malaysia.
Colonial Office 273/154. (1888). Smith to Sultan Ahmad, 29 Jun 1888. Kuala Lumpur: National Archives of Malaysia.
Colonial Office 273/154. (1888). Smith to Sultan Ahmad, 21 November 1888. Kuala Lumpur: National Archives of Malaysia.
Federated Malay States. (1890). Supplement to the Pahang Government Gazette, Pahang Administration Report for 1890. Kuala Lumpur: F.M.S Government Printing Office.
Federated Malay States. (1896). Supplement to the Pahang Government Gazette, Pahang Administration Report for 1896. Kuala Lumpur: F.M.S Government Printing Office.
Pahang Secretariat File No. 659/49. Kuantan: Pahang State Secretary’s Office.
Pahang Secretariat File No. 2246/48. Kuantan: Pahang State Secretary’s Office.
Journal Article
Cowan, C. D. (1951). Sir Frank Swettenham’s Perak Journal 1874-1876” Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, 24(4), 81-148.
Maxwell, W. E. (1884). Law and Custom of the Malays with reference to the Tenure of Land, Journal of Straits Branch Royal Asiatic Society,13, 7-46.
Winstedt, R. O. (1928). Kedah Law, Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, 6 (11), 33-68.
Wilson, M. L. (1954). Land Problems and Policies, V. Webster Johnson and Raleigh Barlowe, American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 36(2), 348-350.
Book
Abdullah, N. (1985). Melayu dan Tanah: Tumpuan khusus kepada Tanah Simpanan Melayu. Kuala Lumpur: Media Intelek Sdn. Bhd.
Adil, B. (1972). Sejarah Pahang. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
Anderson, J. (1965). Political and Commercial Considerations Relative to the Malayan Peninsula and the British Settlements in the Straits of Malacca. Singapore.
Gopinath, A. (1993). Sejarah Politik Pahang 1880-1935. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
Great Britain. (1843). Parliamentary Papers: 1780-1849, Vol. 36. The Ohio State University: H.M. Stationery Office.
Gullick, J. M. (1965). Indigenous Political Systems of Western Malaya. University of London: Athlone Press.
Haron, N. (1997). Pemilikan dan Pentadbiran Tanah Adat 1800 – 1960. Selangor: Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.
Karim, A. A. (2012). Rona-rona Pengembaraan, Peristiwa dan Pembangunan di Pahang, dlm Kapitel Kedua: Invigorate Sejarah Pahang dari tahun 1889-1952. Kuantan: Inderapura Printing Company Sdn. Bhd.
Muttalib, J. A. (1972). Pemberontakan Pahang 1891 – 1895. Kelantan: Pustaka Aman Press.
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Wong, D. (1975). Tenure and land dealings in the Malay States. Singapore: Singapore University.
Technical and Research Reports (often with corporate authors):
Hagen, V. & Wolfgang, V. (1908). Draft of Quetzal Quest (about land system). England: William Brendon & Son, Ltd., Plymouth.
Suhakam. (2015). Report of the National Inquiry into the land rights of indigenous peoples. Kuala Lumpur: National Library of Malaysia.
In-Text Citation: (Dzul-Kifli & Ariffin, 2020)
To Cite this Article: Dzul-Kifli, N. H., & Ariffin, K. (2020). Malay Land Ownership in Pahang Until 1957. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 10(6), 947–958.
Copyright: © 2020 The Author(s)
Published by HRMARS (www.hrmars.com)
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