Journal Screenshot

International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences

Open Access Journal

ISSN: 2222-6990

The Risk of Cardiovascular Disease Among Standard Six Tamil Schools Student’s in the State of Kedah

Kumaran Gengatharan, Azali bin Rahmat

http://dx.doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v10-i6/7467

Open access

The study aims to identify the risk of cardiovascular disease among standard six students who are studying in Tamil schools at Kedah. The design used in this study is the ex-post-facto study embodied by Cohen, Manion and Morrison (2018). The purpose of this study is to identify the risk of cardiovascular disease by evaluating and comparing the body mass index (BMI), blood pressure (BP) and waist ratio to height (WHtR) of standard six students. The instruments used in the study were the body mass index (BMI), blood pressure (BP) and waist ratio to height (WHtR). Data from those tests were correlated to determine the risk of cardiovascular disease among standard six students. Data are analyzed using ‘SPSS’ version 22. The findings showed that there is a strong positive relationship (1.00) between systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). At the same time, there is a positive moderate (.748) relationship between BMI and WHtR amongst the pupils. The findings of this study can conclude and explain that if a student does not maintain health by adopting a healthy lifestyle, it is likely to lead them to obesity and risk of cardiovascular disease.

Anizyn, M. L. (2011). Kajian pemakanan di kalangan remaja di kalangan remaja di kawasan Felda Bukit Ramun. Retrieved from https://anizyn.blogspot.com/2011/07/kajian-pemakanan-ukm-keperluan-diet.html.
Bernama. (2018) Malaysia mempunyai kadar diabetes tertinggi di Asia.
Chu, N. F., Wang, D. J., & Shieh, S. M. (2001). Obesity, leptin and blood pressure among
children in Taiwan: The Taipei Children’s Heart Study. American journal of
hypertension, 14(2), 135-140.
Chua, Y. P. (2006). Kaedah Pengkajian. Malaysia: McGraw-Hill Education.
Cohen, L., Manion, L., & Morrison, K. (2018). Research Method of Education. (8th ed). London
New York: Taylor and Francis Group.
Daniels, S. R., Morrison, J. A., Sprecher, D. L., Khoury, P., & Kimball, T. R. (1999).
Association of body fat distribution and cardiovascular risk factors in children and
adolescents. Circulation, 99(4), 541-545.
Embong, M. (2013). Nadi Diabetes. Retrieved from
www.diabetesmalaysia.com.my/upload_dir/NADI%20V2S2.pdf.
Engler, M. M., Engler, M. B., Davidson, D. M. and Slaughter, R. E. (1992). Cardiovascular disease
prevention: Knowledge and attitudes of graduate nursing students. Journal of Advance.
Nursing, 17: 1220-1225.
Ghee, L. K. (2012). Staying Relevant. The Medical journal of Malaysia, 67(1).
Gram, G. (1995). Major differences in cardiovascular disease risk indicators by education.
status: Results from a population-based screening program. Scandinavian journal of
social medicine, 23: 9-16.
Juel, C., Griffith, P. L., & Gough, P. B. (1986). Acquisition of literacy: A longitudinal study of
children in first and second grade. Journal of Educational Psychology, 78(4), 243-255.
Kerlinger, F. N. (1970). Foundations of Behavioral Research: Educational and Psychological
Inquiry. London: Holt. Reinhart & Winston.
Kuba, V. M., Leone, C., & Damiani, D. (2013). Is the waist-to-height ratio a useful indicator of
cardiometabolic risk in 6-10-year-old children?. BioMedicine Central pediatrics journal,
13(1), 91. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2431: 13-91
Maffeis, C., Pietrobelli, A., Grezzani, A., Provera, S., & Tatò, L. (2001). Waist circumference
and cardiovascular risk factors in prepubertal children. Obesity Research Journal, 9(3),
179-187.
McNiece, K. L., Poffenbarger, T. S., Turner, J. L., Franco, K. D., Sorof, J. M., & Portman, R. J.
(2007). Prevalence of hypertension and pre-hypertension among adolescents. The
Journal of Pediatrics, 150(6), 640-644.
Yasin, M. I. A. (2008). Amalan Pemakanan Di Kalangan Remaja Di Kawasan Felda Bukit
Ramun, Kulai, Johor (Degree Dissertation). Retrieved from
www.fp.utm.my/epusatsumber/pdffail/ptkghdfwP/IDAASTRIEAP040458D2008TTP.
Mosca, L., Benjamin, E. J., Berra, K., Bezanson, J. L., Dolor, R. J., Lloyd-Jones, D. M., & Zhao,
D. (2011). Effectiveness-based guidelines for the prevention of cardiovascular disease in
Women: a guideline from the American Heart Association. Journal of the
American College of Cardiology, 57(12), 1404-1423.
Mushtaq, M. U., Gull, S., Mushtaq, K., Shahid, U., Shad, M. A., & Akram, J. (2011). Dietary behaviors, physical activity and sedentary lifestyle associated with overweight and obesity, and their socio-demographic correlates, among Pakistani primary school children. The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity, 8, 130. https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868-8-130 8(1):130-135.
Safrit, M. J., & Wood, T. M. (1995). Introduction to Measurement in Physical Education and
Exercise and Exercise Science (3rd ed.). St. Louis: Times Mirror/Mosby.
Daniels, S. R., Morrison, J. A., Sprecher, D. L., Khoury, P., & Kimball, P. T. (1999). Association of Body Fat Distribution and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Children and Adolescents. Circulation, 99:541–545.
World Health Organization. (1999). The World Health Report 1999 - A Safer Future. Retrieved
from https://www.who.int/whr/previous1999/en/.
World Health Organization. (2007). The World Health Report 2007- a safer future: global public health security in the 21st century. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/whr/2007/en/.
World Health Organization. (1993). The World Health Report 1993 - International Classification
Disease. Retrieved from https://icd.Who.int/browse10/Content/statichtml/
ICD10Volume2 en 2010.pdf.
World Health Organization. (1999). The World Health Report: 1999 - making a difference.
Retrieved from https://www.who.int/whr/1999/en/.
World Health Organization. (2008). The World Health Report 2008 - Primary Health Care.
Retrieved from https://www.who.int/whr/2008/en/.

In-Text Citation: (Gengatharan & Rahmat, 2020)
To Cite this Article: Gengatharan, K., & Rahmat, A. bin. (2020). The Risk of Cardiovascular Disease Among Standard Six Tamil Schools Student’s in The State of Kedah. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 10(6), 997–1005.