Journal Screenshot

International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences

Open Access Journal

ISSN: 2222-6990

The Element of Teaching Strategy in English Listening Skills for Preschool: Fuzzy Delphi Technique Approach

Norshimar Akmar Hashim, Mazlina Che Mustafa, Azli Ariffin, Zarina Eshak

http://dx.doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v10-i7/7612

Open access

This article reviews the use of Fuzzy Delphi in determining the elements of a preschool English listening skill teaching strategy. The choice of these elements can be seen as a process of decision making by experts from early childhood education and English curriculum specialists. This study aims to provide a systematic approach to element selection and element sequencing, in which there are two phases of the procedure. The first stage uses the Fuzzy Delphi Method to obtain expert consensus on the elements and second, to identify the sequences of each element. The results showed that five elements were accepted for the English listening skills teaching strategy with 15 experts as a sample. It meets the threshold value of less than 0.2, and the percentage of expert groups is over 75%. This finding indicates that all of the elements are necessary to develop a preschool listening teaching strategy based on expert consensus.

Ahmad, A. M. (2018). Pembangunan Model ENi Berasaskan Aktiviti Inkuiri bagi Program Latihan Kemahiran Kejuruteraan Institut Latihan Kemahiran Malaysia. Universiti Malaya.
Adler, M., & Ziglio, E. (1996). Gazing into Oracle: Delphi method and its Application to Social Policy and Public Health. Jessica Kingsley Publisher.
Anderson, S., Baker, C. A., Leavitt, B., Mclaughlin, A., & Robinson, T. (2010). Rhymers Are Readers: The Importance of Nursery Rhymes KBYU Eleven Ready To Learn ®. http://kbyutv.org/kidsandfamily/readytolearn/file.axd?file=2011%2F3%2F2+Rhymers+are+Readers.pdf
Ahmad, A. H. (1989). Pedagogi 1. Siri Pendidikan Longman.
Ariffin, A. (2017). Reka Bentuk Model Aktiviti Penggunaan Lagu Kanak-kanak Melayu Tradisioanal untuk Peningkatan Imaginasi-Krewatif Prasekolah. University of Malaya.
Arshad, M. (2012). Pendidikan literasi awal kanak-kanak: teori dan amali. Penerbit Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris.
Baker, D. L., Mogna, V., Rodriguez, S., Farmer, D., & Yovanoff, P. (2016). Building the Oral Language of Young Hispanic Children Through Interactive Read Alouds and Vocabulary Games at Preschool and at Home. Journal of International Special Needs Education.
Beaty, J. J., & Pratt, L. (2011). Children’s Speaking/Listening.
Berliner, D. C. (2004). Expert Teachers?: Their Characteristics ,. DE LA TEORIA... A L’AULA.
Buchori, A., Setyosari, P., Dasna, I. W., Ulfa, S., Degeng, I. N. S., & Sa, C. (2017). Effectiveness of Direct Instruction Learning Strategy Assisted by Mobile Augmented Reality and Achievement Motivation on Students Cognitive Learning Results. Asian Social Science, 13(9), 137–144. https://doi.org/10.5539/ass.v13n9p137
Chang, A., Millett, S., & Renandya, W. A. (2019). Developing Listening Fluency through Supported Extensive Listening Practice. RELC Journal, 50(3), 422–438. https://doi.org/10.1177/0033688217751468
Chen, C. (2000). Extensions of the TOPSIS for group decision making under Fuzzy Environment. In Fuzzy Sets and System 114 (pp. 1–9).
Chomsky, N., & Smith, N. (2000). New Horizons in the Study of Language and Mind. New Horizons in the Study of Language and Mind. https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511811937
Chu, H., & Hwang, G. (2008). A Delphi-based approach to developing expert systems with the cooperation of multip[le experts. In Experts Systems with Applications (34:28, pp. 26–40).
Curriculum Development Division. (2017). National Preschool Standard-Based Curriculum. Ministry of Education.
Curriculum Development Division. (2018). KSPK English Language Teacher’s Kit. Ministry of Education.
Dalkey, N. (1972). The Delphi Method: An Experimental Study of Group Opinion. In N.C.
Deshmukh, R. S., Zucker, T. A., Tambyraja, S. R., Pentimonti, J. M., Bowles, R. P., & Justice, L. M. (2019). Teachers’ use of questions during shared book reading: Relations to child responses. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 49, 59–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2019.05.006
Gardner, H. (1983). Howard Gardner ’ s Theory of Multiple Intelligences Verbal-Linguistic Intelligence Mathematical-Logical Intelligence Visual-Spatial Intelligence.
Gersten, R., Woodward, J., & Darch, C. (1986). Direct Instruction: A Research-Based Approach to Curriculum Design and Teaching. Exceptional Children, 53(1), 17–31. https://doi.org/10.1177/001440298605300102
Gu, L. (2015). Language ability of young English language learners: Definition, configuration, and implications. Language Testing. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265532214542670.
Hamouda, A. (2013). An Investigation of Listening Comprehension Problems Encountered by Saudi Students in the EL Listening Classroom. HR Mars, 2(2), 113–155.
Hsu, C., & Ohio, T. (2007). The Delphi Technique?: 12(10).
Hua, A. K. (2016). Pengenalan Rangkakerja Metodologi dalam Kajian Penyelidikan?: Satu Kajian Kes. Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 1(May), 17–23. https://doi.org/10.6084/M9.FIGSHARE.3362656
Jones, H., & Twiss, B. L. (1978). Forecasting Technology for Planning Decisions. Mac Millan.
Kaufmann, A., & Gupta, M. M. (1988). Fuzzy mathematical models in engineering and management science. Amsterdam?; New York?: North-Holland?; New York, N.Y., U.S.A.?: Sole distributors for the U.S.A. and Canada, Elsevier Science Pub. Co.
Krashen, S. D. (1981). Second Language Acquisition and Second Language Learning (First Edit). Newbury House, the Center for Applied Linguistics, Language Learning, TESOL, the SPEAQ Journal, Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9922.2009.00554.x
Ministry of Education. (2013). Ringkasan Eksekutif Pelan Pembangunan Pendidikan Malaysia 2013-2025 (Pendidikan Prasekolah hingga Lepas Menengah). Bahagian Perancangan Dan Penyelidikan Dasar Pendidikan Kementerian Pelajaran Malaysia. http://www.moe.gov.my/cms/upload_files/articlefile/2013/articlefile_file_003113.pdf
Ministry of Education. (2017). Preschool Education(Standard-Based Curriculum and Assessment Document).
Jamil, M. R. M. (2016). Model Kurikulum Latihan SkiVes bagi Program Pengajian Kejuruteraan Pembelajaran berasaskan kerja (WBL) Politeknik Malaysia. University of Malaya.
Muchau, J. W. (2015). Teacher-related factors and errors preschool children make in learning the English language in murang’ county schools. 53. http://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke/bitstream/handle/11295/92808/Muchau%2Cjuliet w_teacher-related factors and errors preschool children make in learning the English language in murang’a county schools.pdf?sequence=3&isAllowed=y
Mullen, G. (2017). More Than Words?: Using Nursery Rhymes and Songs to Support Domains of Child Development. 42(2), 42–53.
Murray, J., & Hammons, J. (1995). Delphi: a versatile methodology for conducting qualitative research.
Murray, T. J., Pipino, L. L., & Van Gigch, J. P. (1985). A pilot study of the fuzzy set modification of Delphi. Human Systems Management, 5(1), 76–80. https://doi.org/10.3233/HSM-1985-5111
National Association for the Education of Young Children. (1998). Learning to Read and Write: Developmentally Appropriate Practices for Young Children. Young Children.
National Association for the Education of Young Children. (2009). Developmentally appropriate Practice in Early Childhood Programs Serving Children from Birth through Age 8. Young Children.
Oddo, J. M. (2015). The Importance of Play in the Development of Language Skills. Atlanta Speech School.
Piaget, J. (1959). The language and thought of the child. In M. Gabain & R. Gabain, Trans.) (3rd ed.). Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group.
Ragin. (2007). Qualitative Comparative analysis using Fuzzy Sets (fsQCA). In Configurational Comparative Analysis. London: Sage Publication.
Reigado, J., & Rodrigues, H. (2018). Vocalizations produced in the second year of life in response to speaking and singing. Psychology of Music, 46(5), 626–637. https://doi.org/10.1177/0305735617719335
Rosnaini, M. (2006). Kesediaan Teknologi Maklumat dan Komunikasi Asas dalam Pendidikan Guru-guru Sekolah Menengah. Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.
Rowe, G., & Wright, G. (2001). Expert Opinions in Forecasting: The Role of the Delphi Technique. 125–144. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-306-47630-3_7
Vygotsky, L. (1986). Thought and language. In A. Kozulin (Ed.), The MIT Press (Vol. 5, Issue 1). The MIT Press. https://doi.org/10.3233/BEN-1992-5106.
Yusof, N. A. A. M. (2019). Pembinaan Model Kandungan Kurikulum Pendidikan Keamanan Berasaskan Multibudaya untuk Kanak-kanak Prasekolah. University Malaya.
Zadeh, L. A. (1965). Fuzzy sets. Information and Control., 8, 338–353.

In-Text Citation: (Hashim et al., 2020)
To Cite this Article: Hashim, N. A., Mustafa, M. C., Ariffin, A., & Eshak, Z. (2020). The Element of Teaching Strategy in English Listening Skills for Preschool: Fuzzy Delphi Technique Approach. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 10(7), 818–830.