Journal Screenshot

International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences

Open Access Journal

ISSN: 2222-6990

Indirect Relationship among Leadership Styles, Self-Efficacy and Academic Employees’ Performance in Malaysian Online Distance Learning Higher Education Institutions

Zahir Osman

http://dx.doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v10-i8/7717

Open access

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the indirect relationship of self-efficacy, leadership styles and academic employees’ performance in Malaysian online distance learning (ODL) higher education institutions. This study was conducted on 206 respondents of academic employees in ODL higher education institutions in Malaysia. The model was developed and later was tested and analyzed by using Partial Least Square (PLS) procedure. Findings from this study has revealed that self-efficacy has a positive and significant influence on the relationship between leadership styles and academic employees’ performance in Malaysian online distance learning (ODL) higher education institutions. The findings suggested that it is very important for the leaders in ODL higher education institutions to adopt suitable leadership styles and promote self-efficacy to ensure their academic employees’ performance can be elevated to greater heights to ensure the sustainability of their organizations. Smartpls 2.0 and SPSS 18.0 were employed for this study to test the hypothesis and analyze respondents’ profile respectively

Abdullah, Z., Ahsan, N., & Alam, S. S. (2009). The effect of human resource management practices on business performance among private companies in Malaysia. International Journal of Business and Management, 4(6), 65-72.
Ali, A., & Rehman, K., (2016). The impact of leadership styles on the performance of academicians Sci. Int. (Lahore) ,28(6),153-160, ISSN 1013-5316; CODEN: SINTE 8
Allen, I. E., & Seaman, J. (2013). Changing course: Ten years of tracking online education in the United States. Sloan Consortium. PO Box 1238, Newburyport, MA 01950.
Almutairi, D. O. (2016). The mediating effects of organizational commitment on the relationship between transformational leadership style and job performance. International Journal of Business and Management, 11(1), 231.
Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological review, 84(2), 191.
Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action. Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1986, 23-28.
Carson, K. D., Carson, P. P., Lanford, H., & Roe, C. W. (1997). The effects of organization-based self-esteem on workplace outcomes: An examination of emergency medical technicians. Public Personnel Management, 26(1), 139-155.
Carter, W. R., Nesbit, P. L., Badham, R. J., Parker, S. K., & Sung, L. K. (2018). The effects of employee engagement and self-efficacy on job performance: a longitudinal field study. The international journal of human resource management, 29(17), 2483-2502.
Dahl, R. A. (1989). Democracy and its Critics. Yale University Press.
Dalluay, V. S., & Jalagat, R. C. (2016). Impacts of Leadership Style Effectiveness of Managers and Department Heads to Employees’ Job Satisfaction and Performance on Selected Small-Scale Businesses in Cavite. Philippines. International Journal of Recent Advances in Organizational Behaviour and Decision Sciences (IJRAOB), 2(2), 734-751.
Dvir, T., Eden, D., Avolio, B. J., & Shamir, B. (2002). Impact of transformational leadership on follower development and performance: A field experiment. Academy of management journal, 45(4), 735-744.
Fishkin, J. S. (1991). Democracy and deliberation: New directions for democratic reform (Vol. 217). New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
Grigoryan, A. E. (2015). In search of eco-friendly strategies for the development of information and communication environment. Bulletin of the Oryol State University. Series: New Humane Studies, 1(42), 297-300.
Hair, J. F., Anderson, R. E., Babin, B. J., & Black, W. C. (2010). Multivariate data analysis: A global perspective (Vol. 7): Pearson Upper Saddle River.
Hair, J. F., Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M., & Mena, J. A. (2012). An assessment of the use of partial least squares structural equation modeling in marketing research. Journal of the academy of marketing science, 40(3), 414-433.
Hair, J. J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C., & Sarstedt, M. (2014). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Thousand Oaks: Sage.
Hair, J. J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C., & Sarstedt, M. (2016). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Sage publications.
Haycock, L. A., McCarthy, P., & Skay, C. L. (1998). Procrastination in college students: The role of self?efficacy and anxiety. Journal of counseling & development, 76(3), 317-324.
Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2015). A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. Journal of the academy of marketing science, 43(1), 115-135.
Howell, A., Kirk-Brown, A., & Cooper, B. K. (2012). Does congruence between espoused and enacted organizational values predict affective commitment in Australian organizations?. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 23(4), 731-747.
Howell, J. M., Neufeld, D. J., & Avolio, B. J. (2005). Examining the relationship of leadership and physical distance with business unit performance. The Leadership Quarterly, 16(2), 273-285.
Judge, T. A., & Bono, J. E. (2001). Relationship of core self-evaluations traits—self-esteem, generalized self-efficacy, locus of control, and emotional stability—with job satisfaction and job performance: A meta-analysis. Journal of applied Psychology, 86(1), 80.
Khan, S., Gul, S., Shah, I. M., & Khan, A. (2012). Teachers’ stress, performance & resources. International Review of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2(2), 10-23.
Khan, M. S., Khan, I., Qureshi, Q. A., Ismail, H. M., Rauf, H., Latif, A., & Tahir, M. (2015). The styles of leadership: A critical review. Public Policy and Administration Research, 5(3), 87-92.
Kline, R. B. (2011). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (Vol. 3rd). New York: Guilford publications.
Lev, S., & Koslowsky, M. (2009). Moderating the collective and self?efficacy relationship. Journal of Educational administration.
Melling, M., & Little, J. (Eds.). (2002). Building a successful customer-service culture: a guide for library and information managers. Facet Publishing.
Mitchell, T. R., Hopper, H., Daniels, D., George-Falvy, J., & James, L. R. (1994). Predicting self-efficacy and performance during skill acquisition. Journal of Applied Psychology, 79(4), 506.
Noordin, F., & Jusoff, K. (2009). Levels of job satisfaction amongst Malaysian academic staff. Asian social science, 5(5), 122-128.
Northouse, P. G. (2004). Leadership theory and practice 3rd Ed Sage. Thousand Oaks, CA.
Ojokuku, R. M., Odetayo, T. A., & Sajuyigbe, A. S. (2012). Impact of leadership style on organizational performance: a case study of Nigerian banks. American journal of business and management, 1(4), 202-207.
Olido, K., Tom, A., & Bilbert, U. (2015). The Importance of Self Efficacy and Employee Competences in Employee Performance: The Case of Finca Uganda, Micro Deposit Taking Institution (MDI) In Uganda. Journal of Emerging Trends in Economics and Management Sciences (JETEMS), 9(1), 40-44.
Osman, Z., Mohamad, W., Mohamad, R. K., Mohamad, L., & Sulaiman, T. F. T. (2018). ENHANCING STUDENTS’ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN MALAYSIAN ONLINE DISTANCE LEARNING INSTITUTIONS. Asia Pacific Journal of Educators and Education, 33, 19-28.
Podsakoff, P. M., & Organ, D. W. (1986). Self-reports in organizational research: Problems and prospects. Journal of management, 12(4), 531-544.
Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2004). SPSS and SAS procedures for estimating indirect effects in simple mediation models. Behavior research methods, instruments, & computers, 36(4), 717-731.
Ringle, C. M., Wende, S., & Becker, J. M. (2015). SmartPLS 3. SmartPLS GmbH, Boenningstedt. Journal of Service Science and Management, 10(3).
Salman, M., Khan, M. N., Draz, U., Iqbal, M. J., & Aslam, K. (2016). Impact of self-efficacy on employee’s job performance in health sector of Pakistan. American Journal of Business and Society, 1(3), 136-142.
Schepers, J., Wetzels, M., & de Ruyter, K. (2005). Leadership styles in technology acceptance: do followers practice what leaders preach?. Managing Service Quality, 15(6), 496-508.
Sharma, M. K., & Jain, S. (2013). Leadership management: Principles, models and theories. Global Journal of Management and Business Studies, 3(3), 309-318.
Tannenbaum, R. W., & Mussarik, (1961), Leadership & Organization, McGraw - Hill, USA, p. 86
Tjosvold, D., & Tjosvold, M. M. (1995). Cooperation theory, constructive controversy, and effectiveness: Learning from crises. Team effectiveness and decision making in organizations, 79112.
Widayanti, A. T., & Putranto, N. A. R. (2015). Analyzing relationship between transformational and transactional leadership style on employee performance in PT. TX Bandung. Journal of Business and Management, 4(5), 561-568.
Yeh, H., & Hong, D. (2012). The mediating effect of organizational commitment on leadership type and job performance. The journal of human resource and adult learning, 8(2), 50.
Yukl, G. (2008). The importance of flexible leadership. In Robert B. Kaiser (Chair), The Importance, Assessment, and Development of Flexible Leadership, practitioner forum presented at the 23rd annual conference of the Society for Industrial-Organizational Psychology, April, San Francisco, CA (pp. 2-7).

In-Text Citation: (Osman, 2020)
To Cite this Article: Osman, Z. (2020). Indirect Relationship among Leadership Styles, Self-Efficacy and Academic Employees’ Performance in Malaysian Online Distance Learning Higher Education Institutions. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Socail Sciences. 10(8), 1093-1104.