Journal Screenshot

International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences

Open Access Journal

ISSN: 2222-6990

Prophetic Medicine: An Analysis of The Islamic Legal Law and the Scientific Wisdom Behind Drinking Camel’s Urine

Md Azzaat Ahsanie Lokman, Mohd Fadzhil Mustafa, Basri Ibrahim

http://dx.doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v10-i9/7867

Open access

The approach of Muslims in responding to and adopting Tibb al-Nabawi or Prophetic Medicine is varied. Various reactions or approaches emerged from both the public and Muslim scholars in responding to the concept of practicing Tibb al-Nabawi, especially on some controversial issues such as flies wing and camel’s urine. Therefore, this study was conducted to clarify the exact way or approach to interact with Tibb al-Nabawi in this modern age. To this end, the issue of drinking camel’s urine was specifically selected as a case study to provide guidance on drinking camel’s urine for Muslims. This study used content analysis on the hadiths related to camel’s urine, the books of fiqh and the scientific studies done by scientists particularly on the medical benefits of camel’s urine. This study concludes that camel’s urine has healing elements for some diseases that exist today. Although the scientific studies of camel’s urine are few, still in its early stages, and there is still much work to be done, it has so far been acknowledged by scientists that it can be used as a method of treating diseases. However, for clinical practices it still requires more advanced and detailed scientific studies. Therefore, the practice should be referred to a physician first. As for its practice in terms of the Islamic Law, it can only be used in emergencies (darurat), as it is a substance categorised as filth (najis).

Alhaider, A. A., Gader, A. G. M., Almeshal, N., & Saraswati, S. (2014). Camel Urine Inhibits Inflammatory Angiogenesis in Murine Sponge Implant Angiogenesis Model. Biomedicine and Aging Pathology 4(1): 9–16.
Alhaider, A. A., El Gendy, M. A. M., Korashy, H. M., & El-Kadi, A. O. S. (2011). Camel Urine Inhibits the Cytochrome P450 1a1 Gene Expression through an AhR-Dependent Mechanism in Hepa 1c1c7 Cell Line. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 133(1): 184–90.
Abu Daud. (n.d.). Sunan Abi Daud. Beirut: Maktabah al-?A?riyyah.
Al-?Asqalani, I. ?., (1422H). Fat? al-Bari Syar? ?a?i? al-Bukhari. Beirut: Dar al-Fikr.
Al-Bukhari. (1422H). ?a?i? Bukhari. t.tp.: Dar T?q al-Najah.
Al-Daruqutni. (2004). Sunan al-DaruquTni. Beirut: Muassasah al-Risalah.
Al-Kasani, A. B. M. (2004). Bada’i? al-?ana’i? fi Tartib al-Syara’i?, Qaherah: Dar al-Hadith.
Al-Nusaymi, M. N. (1984). al-Tibb al-Nabawi wa al-?Ilm al-?adith. Damsyiq, al-Syarikah Mutta?idah li al-Tawzi?.
Al-Qara?awi, Y. (2002). Kayfa Nata?amal ma?a al-Sunnah al-Nabawiyyah. Qaherah: Dar al-Syur?q.
Al-Syarbini, M. K. (2006). Mughni al-Mu?taj ila Ma?rifah Ma?ani Alfa? al-Minhaj, Qaherah: Dar al-?adith.
Al-SyaTibi, I. M. (1997). al-Muwafaqat. t.tp.: Dar Ibn ?Affan.
Ali, A., Baby, B., & Vijayan, R. (2019). From Desert to Medicine: A Review of Camel Genomics and Therapeutic Products. Frontiers in Genetics 10(17): 1–20.
Alyahya, A. M., Abdel Gader, A. G. M., & Alhaider, A. A. (2016). Characterization of Inhibitory Activity of Camel Urine on Human Platelet Function. Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences 11(1): 26–31
Abdulla, C. O., Ayubi, A., Zulfiquer, F., Santhanam, G., Ahmed, M. A. S., & Deeb, J. (2012). Infant Botulism Following Honey Ingestion. BMJ Case Reports. 3–5.
Khorshid, F. (2008). Preclinical Evaluation of PM 701 in Experimental Animals. International Journal of Pharmacology 4(6): 443–51.
Romli, F., Abu, N., Khorshid, F. A., Syed Najmuddin, S. U. F., Keong, Y. S., Mohamad, N. E., Hamid, M., Alitheen, N. B., & Nik, A. R. N. M. A. (2017). The Growth Inhibitory Potential and Antimetastatic Effect of Camel Urine on Breast Cancer Cells In Vitro and In Vivo. Integrative Cancer Therapies 16(4): 540–555.
Ibn al-Azraq, I. A. R. (n.d.). Tashil al-Manafi? fi al-Tibb wa al-?ikmah al-Musytamil ?ala Syifa’ al-Ajsam wa Kitab al-Ra?mah. Qaherah: Maktabah Hamidiyah.
Ibn Khaldun. (2002). Mukadimah Ibn Khaldun. Selangor: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
al-Jawziyyah, I. Q. (1994). Zad al-Ma?ad fi Hadiy Khayr al-?Ibad, Beirut: Muassasah al-Risalah.
Ibn Rusydi. (2004). Bidayah al-Mujtahid wa Nihayah al-Muqta?id. Qaherah: Dar al-?adith.
Ibn Taimiyyah. (1995). Majm?? al-Fatawa. Arab Saudi: Majma? al-Malik Fahad.
Abdullah, N. H. (2018). Penamatan Wabak Jangkitan Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (Mers-Cov) Di Malaysia. Director-General of Health Malaysia Press Statement.
El-Mesawi, M. T. (2003). Human Nature and The Universality of The Shari?ah: FiTrah and Maqa?id al-Shari?ah in The Works of Shah Wali Allah And Ibn ?Ash?r. al-Shajarah 14(2): 167-205.
Muslim. (n.d.). ?a?i? Muslim. Beirut: Dar I?ya’ al-Turath al-Islami.
Al-Yousef, N., Gaafar, A., Al-Otaibi, B., Al-Jammaz, I., Al-Hussein, K. & Aboussekhram A. (2012). Camel Urine Components Display Anti-Cancer Properties in Vitro. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 143(3): 819–25.
Nurul, A., & Izhar, A. (2018). Rawatan Menggunakan Air Kencing Unta Menurut Perspektif Islam dan Sains. Fikiran Masyarakat 6(3): 129-135.
Kasule, O. H. (2006). Prophetic Medicine. Paper presented at Annual Health Islamic Conference, organized by Forum Ukhuwah Lembaga Dakwah Fakultas Kedokteran se-Indonesia & Forum Studi Islam Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 3-5 February, Faculty of Medicine University of Indonesia, JI Salemba Raya, No 6, Jakarta Pusat. http://omarkasule-04.tripod.com/id971.html.
Burns, P. B., Rohrich, R. J., & Chung, K. C. (2012). The Levels of Evidence and Their Role in Evidence-Based Medicine. Plastic Reconstruction Surgery 128(1): 305–310.
Read, B. E. (1925). Chemical Constituents of Camel’s Urine. Journal of Biological Chemistry 64:615–617
Demirel, S., & Mansour, S. E. (2011). A Theoretical Framework for al-T?b al-Nabawi (Prophetic Medicine) in Modern Times. Revelation and Science 1(2): 34-45.
Ahamad, S. R., Alhaider, A. Q., Raish, M., & Shakeel, F. (2017). Metabolomic and Elemental Analysis of Camel and Bovine Urine by GC–MS and ICP–MS. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences 24(1): 23–29.
Wit, E. D., Feldmann, F., Cronin, J., Jordan, R., Okumura, A., & Thomas, T. (2020). Prophylactic and Therapeutic Remdesivir (GS-5734) Treatment in the Rhesus Macaque Model of MERS-CoV Infection. PNAS 117(12): 6771–76.
World Health Organization. (2019). Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). retrieved from https://www.who.int/features/qa/mers-cov/en/ 12.10.2019
Al-Zu?ayli, W. (2008). al-Fiqh al-Islami wa Adillatuhu. Damsyiq: Dar al-Fikr.
Alghamdi, Z., & Khorshid, F. (2012). Cytotoxicity of the Urine of Different Camel Breeds on the Proliferation of Lung Cancer Cells, A549. Journal of Natural Sciences Research 2(5): 9–16.

In-Text Citation: (Lokman, Mustafa, & Ibrahim, 2020
To Cite this Article: Lokman, M. A. A., Mustafa, M. F., & Ibrahim, B. (2020). Prophetic Medicine: An Analysis of The Islamic Legal Law and the Scientific Wisdom Behind Drinking Camel’s Urine. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences. 10(9), 785-797.