Journal Screenshot

International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences

Open Access Journal

ISSN: 2222-6990

Effect of Water Technological Factors on Water Accessibility among Residents of Baringo North

Shadrack Yator, Josphat Kwasira

http://dx.doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v10-i10/7943

Open access

In Kenya, one of the millennium development goals is to increase accessibility to clean, safe and affordable water as well as providing proper and efficient sanitation services to all people in the world. Despite the government and non-governmental organizations making good efforts to supply water to citizens, there is still low water supply coverage, especially in rural areas of Baringo North Sub County. The study aimed to examine the effect of water technological factors on water accessibility among residents of Baringo North. The study was informed by technological theory. The study adopted a descriptive research design. The accessible population for this study was 19,734 households’ heads, 3 NGOs Water and Sanitation officers, 3 National government agencies, 5 ward administrators, 3 water officers, 12 chiefs and 39 assistant chiefs in Baringo North. The researcher obtained sample size 392 using Yamane formulae. The study used cluster sampling technique, proportionate sampling and simple random sampling technique to select the respondents. The study used semi-structured questionnaires to solicit required data on success factors and water accessibility by residents. A pilot study was conducted in Elgeyo Marakwet County among 39 respondents representing 10% of the sample size. The study used both descriptive and inferential analysis. The descriptive analysis involved the use of mean, frequencies, standard deviation and percentages. The inferential analysis involved Pearson product-moment correlation and multiple regression analysis. If variables are correlated, then a change in one variable is accompanied by a proportionate change in another variable. The regression model was used to establish a significant difference between water technological factors and water accessibility among the residents. The study findings show that technological factors have a positive and significant influence on water accessibility (?1=.284, p<0.05). The study concluded that technological factors had a direct influence on the implementation of water projects in Baringo North sub-County. Therefore, the study recommends that the county should use technology in water accessibility among residents since the cost of applying technologies to access water is low and will benefit the community.

Achieno, G. O., & Mwangangi, P. (2018). Determinants of Sustainability of Rural Community Based Water Projects in Narok County, Kenya. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Project Management, 3(1), 41-57.
Burak, O., & Yurchenko, D. (2015). Nachhaltige Entwicklung–Besonderheiten Der Umsetzung In Die Praxis OM Beketov National University of Urban Economy in Kharkiv. Information Polity, 19(3, 4), 207-224
Cherlet, J. (2014). Epistemic and Technological Theory in Development Aid. Science, Technology, & Human Values, 39(6), 773-794.
Connor, R. (2015). The United Nations World Water Development Report 2015: Water for A Sustainable World, Russia; UNESCO Publishing.
Cooper, D. R., & Schindler, P. S. (2014). Business Research Methods. New York: Mcgraw? Hill Companies.
Drew, R. (2016). Technological Theory. A Companion to Popular Culture. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons
Endo, A., Tsurita, I., Burnett, K., & Orencio, P. M. (2017). A Review of the Current State of Research on the Water, Energy, and Food Nexus. Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies, 11(2), 20-30.
Flick, U. (2015). Introducing research methodology: A beginner's guide to doing a research project. Newcastle upon Tyne: Sage.
Garrick, D., & Hall, J. W. (2014). Water Security and Society: Risks, Metrics, And Pathways. Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 39(3), 611-639.
Gazzola, M. (2014). The Evaluation of Language Regimes: Theory and Application to Multilingual Patent Organizations. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
Githua, R. W., & Wanyoike, D. M. (2015). Factors Influencing Performance of Community Water Projects in Njoro Sub County. International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management, 3(11), 967-990.
Gracceva, F., & Zeniewski, P. (2014). A Systemic Approach to Assessing Energy Security in A Low-Carbon EU Energy System. Applied Energy, 123(4), 335-348.
Ivongo, E. M., & Chege, P. (2019). Information Technology and Performance of County Water Projects: A Case of Makueni County. International Academic Journal of Information Sciences and Project Management, 3(3), 259-288.
Khan, S. N. (2014). Qualitative research method-phenomenology. Asian Social Science, 10(21), 298-306.
Kiaritha, H. W. (2015). Determinants of The Financial Performance of Savings and Credit Co-Operatives in the Banking Sector in Kenya. Strategic Journal of Business & Change Management, 3(4), 110-120.
Kimberlin, C. L., & Winterstein, A. G. (2008). Validity and Reliability of Measurement Instruments Used in Research. American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy, 65(23), 2276-2284.
Ko, C. H. (2017). Accessibility of Radio Frequency Identification Technology in Facilities Maintenance. Journal of Engineering, Project & Production Management, 7(1), 111-115.
Koskei, E. (2019). Constraints to Use of Rainwater Harvesting Technologies as an Adaptation Strategy to Climate Change in Baringo County. Environmental health insights, 13(6), 11-78.
Koskei, E. C., Koskei, R. C., Koske, M. C., & Koech, H. K. (2013). Effect of Socio-Economic Factors on Access to Improved Water Sources and Basic Sanitation in Bomet Municipality, Kenya. Research Journal of Environmental and Earth Sciences, 5(12), 714-719.
Kothari, C. R. (2004). Research Methodology: Methods and Techniques. New Dheli: New Age International.
Kothari, C. R. (2017). Research Methodology Methods and Techniques Second Edition. New Delhi: New Age International
Lawson, C. (2013). Technology, Technological Theory and the Transformational Model of Social Activity. Abington: Routledge.
Maxwell, J. A. (2012). Qualitative Research Design: An Interactive Approach California: Sage Publications.
Mugenda, O. M., & Mugenda, A. G. (2003). Research Methods: Quantitative. Nairobi: African Centre For Technology Studies.
Mugo, E. W., & Nyaegah, J. O. (2018). Role of Information Technology Skills on Youth Empowerment Projects: A Case of Nakuru Town, Kenya. International Academic Journal of Information Sciences and Project Management, 3(2), 345-363.
Muhammad, A. H. (2018). An Assessment of Internet Use for Research in Selected Universities in North-Central Nigeria. The Nigerian Journal of Communication, 15(1) 765-800.
Muriuki, F. W. (2012). Social Factors Influencing the Performance of Water Projects: The Case of Gatamathi Water and Sanitation Company in Murang'a County, Kenya. The International Journal of Business & Management, 3(1), 77-80.
Ngumi, W. G. (2013). Use of Mobile Applications to Gain Sustainable Competitive Advantage at The Kenya Medical Supplies Authority (Kemsa). Pharm Pharmacol, 8(17), 438-440
Okiro, K., & Ndungu, J. (2013). The Impact of Mobile and Internet Banking on Performance of Financial Institutions in Kenya. European Scientific Journal, 9(13), 234-240.
Ondiba, H. A., & Matsui, K. (2019). Social Attributes and Factors Influencing Entrepreneurial Behaviors Among Rural Women in Kakamega County, Kenya. Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research, 9(1), 2-3.
Papagiannis, F., Gazzola, P., Burak, O., & Pokutsa, I. (2018). Overhauls in Water Supply Systems in Ukraine: A Hydro-Economic Model of Socially Responsible Planning and Cost Management. Journal of Cleaner Production, 183(2), 358-369.
Pearl, J., & Mackenzie, D. (2018). The Book of Why: The New Science of Cause and Effect. New York: Basic Books.
Singh, A. S., & Masuku, M. B. (2013). Fundamental of Applied Research and Sampling Techniques. Int J Med Appl Sci, 2(4), 123-124.
Tafara, A. C. (2013). Factors Influencing Sustainability of Rural Community-Based Water Projects in Mtito Andei, Kibwezi Sub-County, Kenya. Interdiscip. J. Contemp. Res. Bus, 2(3), 74-79.
Tifow, A. (2013). Factors Influencing Sustainability of Rural Water Supplies in Kenya. International Academic Journal of Law and Society, 1(2), 353-373.
WHO/UNICEF Joint Water Supply, & Sanitation Monitoring Programme. (2014). Progress on Drinking Water and Sanitation: 2014 Update. Geneva: World Health Organization.
Wyatt, M. (2016). Are They Becoming More Reflective And/Or Efficacious? A Conceptual Model Mapping How Teachers’ Self-Efficacy Beliefs Might Grow. Educational Review, 68(1), 114-137.
Wyatt, S. (2008). Technological Theory Is Dead; Long Live Technological Theory. The Handbook of Science and Technology Studies, 3(2), 165-180.

In-Text Citation: (Yator, and Kwasira, 2020)
To Cite this Article: Yator, S., & Kwasira, J. (2020). Post Covid-19 Online Business Strategies by Small-scale Entrepreneurs in Malaysia. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences. 10(10), 341-359.