ISSN: 2222-6990
Open access
Based on Self-Efficacy Theory, multicultural counseling self-efficacy is derived from the self-efficacy concept. It is usually measured together when measuring multicultural counseling competence. This study aims to examine the usability of Multicultural Counseling Self-Efficacy- Racial Diverse (MCSE-RD) on the sample of undergraduate counselor trainees in the Malaysian context. The usability is measured through investigating the adapted and Malay translated MCSE-RD psychometric properties such as its factor structure, reliability and validity. There are 205 counselor trainees from local universities who completed the questionnaire. The factor analysis resulted in the adapted MCSE-RD’s three-factor structure with 16 items were confirmed. Findings showed that MCSE-RD possessed excellent reliability as the internal consistency was ? = .966 and construct reliability of .938. For construct validity, the values of the MCSE-RD’s items were in the range of r = .681 to .870. The convergent validity value obtained the confirmatory factor analysis was .836. As the factor structure, reliability, and validity were all confirmed, the usability of the Malay translated MCSE-RD was also warranted. Moreover, its high reliability and good validity resulted that MCSE-RD can successfully be used by counselor trainees across gender and ethnicity. (185 words)
Awang, Z., Zainudin, N. F. S., & Hui, L. S. (2018). Pendekatan Mudah SEM (Structural Equation Modelling). Bangi: MPWS Rich Resources Sdn. Bhd.
Bandura, A. (1977). Self –efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84(2), 191-215. https://doi.org/10.1016/0146-6402(78)90002-4
Bandura, A. (1982). Self-efficacy mechanism in human agency. American Psychologist, 37(2), 122-147. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.37.2.122
Barden, S. M., & Greene, J. H. (2015). An investigation of multicultural counseling competence and multicultural counseling self-efficacy for counselors-in-training. International Journal for the Advancement of Counselling, 37, 41–53. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10447-014-9224-1.
Bodenhorn, N., & Skaggs, G. (2005). Development of the School Counselor Self-Efficacy Scale. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 38, 14-28. https://doi.org/10.1080/07481756.2005.11909766
Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Earlbaum Associates.
Constantine, M. G., & Ladany, N. (2001). New visions for defining and assessing multicultural counseling competence. In J. G. Ponterotto, J. M. Casas, L. A. Suzuki, & C. M. Alexander (Eds.), Handbook of multicultural counseling (2nd Ed., pp. 482–498). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Douka, A., Harun, M. M., Jaafar, W. M. W., & Ismail, A. (2020). Usability of Multicultural Counseling Self-Efficacy-Racial Diverse (Mcse-Rd) on The Sample of Malaysian Undergraduate Counselor Trainees. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 10(12), 597–612.
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error: Algebra and statistics. Journal of Marketing Research, 18, 382- 388. https://doi.org/ 10.2307/3150980
Fraenkel, J. R., Wallen, N. E. & Hyun, H. H. (2019). How to Design and Evaluate Research in Education (10th Ed.). Boston: McGraw-Hill.
Harun, M. M., Kadir, R. A., & Noah, S. M. (2014). Self-perceived multicultural counselling self-efficacy levels among school counselling teachers. Journal of Human Capital Development, 7(2), 97-114.
Hair, J.F., Babin, B.J., Anderson, R.E., & Black, W. C. (2019). Multivariate Data Analysis (8th Ed.). Stamford, USA: Cengage Learning.
Heale, R., & Twycross, A. (2015). Validity and reliability in quantitative studies. Evidence-Based Nursing, 18, 66-67. https://doi.org/10.1136/eb-2015-102129
Holcomb-McCoy, C., Harris, P., Hines, E. M., & Johnston, G. (2008). School counselors’ multicultural self-efficacy: A preliminary investigation. Professional School Counseling. https://doi.org/10.1177/2156759X0801100303
Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cut off criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling. 6(1), 1–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118
Iacobucci, D. (2010). Structural equations modeling: Fit indices, sample size, and advanced topics. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 20(1), 90-98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcps.2009.09.003
Kimberlin, C. I., & Winterstein, A. G. (2008). Validity and reliability of measurement instruments used in research. American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy, 65(23), 2276-2284. https://doi.org/10.2146/ajhp070364
Larson, L. M., & Daniels, J. A. (1998). Review of the counseling self-efficacy literature. The Counseling Psychologist, 26(2), 179-218. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011000098262001
Larson, L.M., Suzuki, L.A., Gillespie, K.N., Potenza, M.T., Toulouse, A.L., & Betchtel, M.A. (1992). Development and Validation of the Counseling Self-Estimate Inventory. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 39, 105-120. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.50.1.97
Lent, R. W., Hill, C. E., Hoffman, M. A. (2003). Development and Validation of the Counselor Activity Self-Efficacy Scales. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 12, 417-426. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.473
Mazila Ghazali. (2017). Influence of Wellness, Emotional Intelligence and Spiritual or Self-Efficacy toward Counsellor Trainees’ Self Development. Doctoral Dissertation. Universiti Putra Malaysia.
McDonald, R. P., & Ho, M.-H. R. (2002). Principles and practice in reporting structural equation analyses. Psychological Methods, 7, 64-82. https://doi.org/10.1037/1082-989X.7.1.64
Noah, S. M. (2005). Pengujian dan Penilaian dalam Kaunseling. Serdang: Penerbit Universiti Putra Malaysia.
Ooi Pei Boon. (2016). Relationship of Counselling Self-Efficacy, Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment among Malaysian School Counsellors. Doctoral Dissertation. Universiti Putra Malaysia.
Pallant, J. (2020). SPSS survival manual: A step by step guide to data analysis using IBM SPSS. London: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003117452
Rigali-Oiler, M. (2013). Moving Towards A Comprehensive Understanding of Multicultural Counselling Competence: The Role of Diversity Cognitive Complexity. Doctoral Dissertation, Arizona State University. Retrieve from Proquest.
Rusnani, A.K., & Yusof, A. (2017). Reliability and validity of the Efikasi Kendiri Kaunseling Pelbagai Budaya Instrument (Translated Multicultural Counselling Self-Efficacy- Racial Diverse; MCSE-RD). Jurnal PERKAMA, 21, 97-113.
Sheu, H.-B., & Lent, R.W. (2007). Development and initial validation of the Multicultural Counseling Self-Efficacy Scale-Racial Diversity Form. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 44(1), 30-45. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-3204.44.1.30.
Sheu, Hung-Bin (2005). Development and Initial Validation of the Multicultural Counselling Self-Efficacy Scale-Racial Diversity Form. Master of Arts, University of Maryland. Retrieved from Proquest on 30th January 2018.
Sheu H-B, Rigali-Oiler M, Lent RW. Multicultural Counseling Self- Efficacy Scale – Racial Diversity Form: Factor structure and test of a social cognitive model. Psychotherapy Research, 22, 527-542. https://doi.org/10.1080/10503307.2012.683344
Sipps, G. J., Sugden, G. J., & Faiver, C. M. (1988). Counselor training level and verbal response type: Their relationship to efficacy and outcome expectations. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 35, 397-401. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.35.4.397
Stevens, J. P. (2009). Applied multivariate statistics for the social sciences (5th ed.). Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group.
Tang, W., Cui, Y., & Babenko, O. (2014). Internal consistency: Do we really know what it is and how to assess it? Journal of Psychology and Behavioral Science, 2(2), 205-220. http://jpbsnet.com/journals/jpbs/Vol_2_No_2_June_2014/13.pdf
Wan Jaafar, W. M., Mohamed, O., Bakar, A. B., & Tarmizi, R. A. (2011). Counseling self-efficacy among trainee counselor in Malaysia. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 30, 676 – 679. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.10.130
Wang, J., & Wang, X. (2012). Structural Equation Modeling: Applications Using Mplus. West Sussex, United Kingdom: Higher Education Press.
Tucker, S. E. (2017). Stigma of mental illness and multicultural counseling self-efficacy: investigating the implications of the multicultural training environment, mental health literacy, and empathy. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Louisville. Retrieved from Proquest.
In-Text Citation: (Harun et al., 2020)
To Cite this Article: Harun, M. M., Jaafar, W. M. W., & Ismail, A. (2020). Usability of Multicultural Counseling Self-Efficacy-Racial Diverse (Mcse-Rd) on The Sample of Malaysian Undergraduate Counselor Trainees. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 10(12), 597–612.
Copyright: © 2020 The Author(s)
Published by Human Resource Management Academic Research Society (www.hrmars.com)
This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) license. Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article (for both commercial and non-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. The full terms of this license may be seen at: http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode