Journal Screenshot

International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences

Open Access Journal

ISSN: 2222-6990

The Extent of Blue Ocean Leadership, Employee Engagement and Team Performance During Covid-19 Pandemic

Oh Zi Jian, Khoo Yin Yin, Marinah Awang

http://dx.doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v10-i11/8150

Open access

The purpose of the study is to identify the extent of blue ocean leadership, employee engagement, and team performance among lecturers in vocational college during COVID-19 pandemic. Cross-sectional research design has been implemented, while quantitative data was collected from 2580 lecturers from the population across the 22 vocational colleges located in North Zone of Malaysia, using a structured survey. For analysis, descriptive analysis was employed using SPSS software version 23. The findings of the study revealed that there is a high level of blue ocean leadership, employee engagement, and team performance among lecturers in vocational college during COVID-19 pandemic. Future researchers could further broaden the study by cross-examining across the different vocational colleges' state in Malaysia.

Ajay, M., Smith, B. R., Dixon, A. L., & Robertson, B. (2006). Distributed leadership in teams: The network of leadership perceptions and team performance. The Leadership Quarterly, 17(3), 232–245.
Barkhuizen, N., Rothman, S., & Van de Viljver, F. J. (2014). Burnout and work engagement of academics in higher education institutions: Effects of dispositional optimism. Stress and Health, 30(4), 322-332. doi: 10.1002/smi.2520
Callea, A., Urbini, F., Benevene, P., Cortini, M., Di Lemma, L., & West, M. (2014). Psychometric properties and factor structure of the Italian version of the “Aston Team Performance Inventory”. Team Performance Management, 20(1/2), 6-18. doi: 10.1108/TPM-05-2013-0016
Chanana, N., & Sangeeta. (2020). Employee engagement practices during COVID-19 lockdown. Journal of Public Affairs, e2508. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1002/pa.2508
Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development (CIPD). (2007). Employee engagement. Retrieved from
http://www.cipd.co.uk/subjects/empreltns/general/empengmt.htm?IsSrchRes=1
Chen, S. (2017). Cross-level effects of high-commitment work systems on work engagement: the mediating role of psychological capital. Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources. doi: 10.1111/1744-7941.12144
Clark, H., & Gruending, A. (2020). Invest in health and uphold rights to “build back better” after COVID-19. Sexual and Reproductive Health Matters, 28(2), 1781583. doi: 10.1080/26410397.2020.1781583
Costa, P., Passos, A., Bakker, A., Romana, R., & Ferrao, C. (2017). Interactions in engaged work teams: A qualitative study. Team Performance Management: An International Journal, 23(5/6), 206-226.
Daniel, K., & Kahn. R. L. (1978) The social psychology of organizations (2nd ed.). New York: Wiley.
Dwiedienawati, D., Tjahjana, D., Faisal, M., Gandasari, D., & Abdinagoro, S. B. (2020). Transformational leadership, communication quality influences to perceived organization effectiveness and employee engagement and employee retention during the covid-19 pandemic. Journal of Advanced Research in Dynamical and Control Systems, 12(7), 773-787. doi: 10.5373/JARDCS/V12SP7/20202169
Gallup. (2013). Worldwide, 13% of Employees are engaged at work. State of the Global Workplace. Retrieved from http://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0703993104
Gallup. (2017). State of Global Workplace. Gallup Inc, Washigton, USA.
Gebauer, J., & Lowman, D. (2009). Closing the engagement gap: How great companies unlock employee potential for superior results. New York: Portfolio.
Hackman, J. R. (1987). The design of work teams. In J. Lorsch (Ed.), Handbook of organizational behavior (pp. 315-342). New York: Prentice Hall.
Han, S. J., Lee, Y., Beyerlein, M., & Kolb, J. (2017). Shared leadership in teams: The role of coordination, goal commitment, and knowledge sharing on perceived team performance. Team Performance Management: An International Journal, 1-20. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1108/TPM-11-2016-0050
Harter, J. K., Schmidt, F. L., & Hayes, T. L. (2002). Business-unit-level relationship between employee satisfaction, employee engagement, and business outcomes: A meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87, 268-279.
Jian, O. Z., Yin, K. Y., & Awang, M. (2020a). Validating the Instruments Measuring Blue Ocean Leadership Construct Using Confirmatory Factor Analysis. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 10(5), 857–868. doi: 10.6007/IJARBSS/v10-i5/7255
Jian, O. Z., Yin, K. Y., & Awang, M. (2020b). Developing And Validating the Measurement Model for Employee Engagement Construct Using Confirmatory Factor Analysis. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 10(8), 924-941.
Kahn, W. A. (1990). Psychological conditions of personal engagement and disengagement at work. Academy of Management Journal, 33, 692-724.
Kavaljit, S. (2020). How to manage the economic fallout of the coronavirus. Retrieved from https://zcomm.org/znetarticle/how-to-manage-the-economic-fallout-of-the-coronavirus/
Kim, W. C., & Mauborgne, R. (2014). From blue ocean strategy to blue ocean leadership, blue ocean leadership series I.
Kinicki, A., & Fugate, M. (2016). Organizational behavior, a practical, problem solving approach. New York: McGraw-Hill Education.
Lee, C., Alonso, A., Esen, E., Coombs, J., Mulvey, T., Victor, J., & Ng, H. (2016). Employee job satisfaction and engagement: Revitalizing a changing workforce. Retrieved from https://www.shrm.org/hr-today/trendsand-forecasting/research-and-surveys/Documents/2016-Employee-Job-Satisfaction-and-Engagement-Report.pdf
Loh, K. L., Yusof, M. S., & Lau, D. H. C. (2018). Blue ocean leadership in lean sustainability. International Journal of Lean Six Sigma, 10(1), 275-294. doi:10.1108/ijlss-06-2016-0029
Macey, W. H., Schneider, B., Barbara, K. M., & Young, S. A. (2009). Employee engagement: Tools for analysis, practice and competitive advantage. UK: Wiley-Blackwell.
Macht, G., Nembhard, D., Kim, J., & Rothrock, L. (2014). Structural models of extraversion, communication, and team performance. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 44(1), 82-91.
Mack, C. J., Johnson, A., Jones-Rincon, A., Tsatenawa, V., & Howard, K. (2019). Why do teachers leave? A comprehensive occupational health study evaluating intent-to-quit in public school teachers. Journal of Applied Bio Behavioral Research, 24(1), 1-13. doi: 10.1111/jabr.12160
Mail, R., & Noordin, R. (2015). Penyelidikan peringkat sarjana: Pendekatan kualitatif sebagai alternatif. Universiti Malaysia Sabah: Penerbit Universiti Malaysia Sabah.
Martin, J., Cormican, K., Sampaio, S. C. B., & Wu, Q. (2018). Shared leadership and team performance: An analysis of moderating factors. Procedia Computer Science, 138, 671-679.
Mathieu, J., Maynard, M. T., Rapp, T., & Gilson, L. (2008). Team effectiveness 1997-2007: A review of recent advancements and a glimpse into the future. Journal of Management, 34(3), 410-476.
Nasri, M. N., Husnin, H., Mahmud, S. N. D., & Halim, L. (2020). Mitigating the COVID-19 pandemic: A snapshot from Malaysia into the coping strategies for pre-service teachers’ education. Journal of Education for Teaching, 1-8. doi: 10.1080/02607476.2020.1802582
Morgeson, F. P., Lindoerfer, D., & Loring, D. J. (2010). Developing team leadership capability. The Center for Creative Leadership Handbook of Leadership Development, 122, 285.
Nienaber, H. (2019). Employee engagement: Driving strategy implementation through dimensions of organisation. Journal of Management & Organization, 1-21. doi:10.1017/jmo.2019.22
Oh, Z. J., Khoo, Y. Y., & Awang, M. (2020). Developing Item for Blue Ocean Leadership in Vocational College. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 10(4), 268–280. doi: 10.6007/IJARBSS/v10-i4/712
Osborne, S., & Hammoud, M. S. (2017). Effective employee engagement in the workplace. International Journal of Applied Management and Technology, 16(1), 50-67.
Paulsen, R. (2017). Slipping into functional stupidity: the bifocality of organizational compliance. Human Relations, 70(2), 1-26.
Pellerone, M., Rapisarda, V., Trischitta, M. C. A., Vitale, E., & Ramaci, T. (2020). Burnout and self perceived instructional competence: An exploratory study of a group of Italian female elementary school teachers. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(4), 1356.
Qianying, L, Shi, Z., Daozhou, G., Yijun, L., Shu, Y., Salihu, S. M., Maggie, H. W., Yongli, C., Weiming, W., Lin, Y., & Daihai, H. (2020). A conceptual model for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in Wuhan, China with individual reaction and governmental action. International Journal Infectious Diseases, 93, 211-216.
Rahman, M., & Chowdhury, S. (2012). Job satisfaction and teachers’ turnover: A study on private universities in Bangladesh. Bangladesh Research Publications Journal, 7(2), 142-152.
Robbins, S., & Coulter, M. (2012), Management. Pearson Education, Inc, NJ, Upper Saddle River.
Rubenstein, K., Bergin, T., & Rowe, P. (2020). Gender, leadership and representative democracy: The differential impacts of the global pandemic. Democratic Theory, 7(2), 94-103. doi: 10.3167/dt.2020.070212
Salas, E., Cooke, N., & Rosen, M. (2008). On teams, teamwork, and team performance: discoveries and developments. Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, 50(3), 540-547.
Schaufeli, W., Salanova, M., Gonzalez-Roma, V., & Bakker, A. (2002). The measurement of burnout and engagement: a confirmatory factor analytic approach. Journal of Happiness Studies, 3(1), 71-92.
Sekaran, U., & Bougie, R. (2010). Research methods for business: A skill building approach (5th ed.). New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Shafiq, M., & Rana, A. R. (2016). Relationship of emotional intelligence to organizational commitment of college teacher in Pakistan. Egitim Arastirmalari – Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 62.
Siva, R., Khuan, W. B., & Khoo, Y. Y. (2015). The demands and influence of leadership on educational changes. Jurnal Pendidikan Malaysia, 40(1), 83-88.
Van Woerkom, M., & Croon, M. (2009). The relationship between team learning activities and team performance. Personnel Review, 38(5), 560–577. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1108/00483 48091 0978054
Wan Hanafi, W. N., & Daud, S. (2019). Attaining sustainable organization in an era of technology disruption through leadership and strategic decision making: Mediating role of organizational politics. International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT), 9(1), 3561-3566.
Wan Hanafi, W. N., Daud, S., & Baharin, N. L. (2016). Blue ocean leadership determinants. Proceedings of 73rd The IIER International Conference. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Zakaria, Z., Idris, K., & Ismail, M. B. (2017). Blue ocean leadership (BOL) practices towards promoting employee engagement in public service. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 7(3), 85-98.
Zehra, R. (2015). Effects of personality on blue ocean leadership, the impact of blue ocean leadership on life satisfaction. Quest International University Perak: Unpublish master thesis.
Zhang, Z, Waldman, D. A., & Wang, Z. (2012). A multilevel investigation of leader–member exchange, informal leader emergence, and individual and team performance. Personnel Psychology, 65(1), 49–78.
Zu, Z. Y., Jiang, M. D., Xu, P. P., Chen, W., Ni, Q. Q., Lu, G. M., & Zhang, L. J. (2020). Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a perspective from China. Radiology, 296(2), 15-25. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2020200490

In-Text Citation: (Jian et al., 2020)
To Cite this Article: Jian, O. Z., Yin, K. Y., & Awang, M. (2020). The Extent of Blue Ocean Leadership, Employee Engagement and Team Performance During Covid-19 Pandemic. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 10(11), 926–937.