Journal Screenshot

International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences

Open Access Journal

ISSN: 2222-6990

Relationship between Imagery Use and Imagery Ability Towards Team Cohesion among Masum Athletes

Roxana Dev, O. D Siti Yusra, Y., Tengku Fadilah, T. K., Kim Geok, Soh ., Siswantoyo .

http://dx.doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v10-i12/8351

Open access

Positive relationship has been determined between imagery use and team cohesion based on individual and team level perspectives from previous studies. However, not many investigated the combination of imagery use and imagery ability on team cohesion from an individual nor from the team perspective especially during the covid-19 pandemic season. Hence, this study investigates the relationship between imagery use and imagery ability on team cohesion among MASUM student athletes. A total of 215 MASUM student athletes from various sports participated in the study. A series of questionnaires were completed which are Group Environment Questionnaire, Sport Imagery Questionnaire-Team Sport and Sport Imagery Ability Questionnaire. Multiple regression analysis revealed that motivation general-mastery imagery, motivation general-arousal imagery, motivational specific imagery, skill imagery ability and goal imagery ability were significantly correlated to the dimensions of team cohesion. About 63% of team cohesion is explained by the imagery use dimensions. These dimensions are individual attraction- task team cohesion (39% of the variable), group integration- social team cohesion with 35% and group integration-task with 42%. The finding recommends cognitive and motivational elements from imagery use to be highlighted on team sports to promote athlete’s team cohesion.

Ahsen, A. (1984). The triple code model for imagery and psychophysiology. Journal of Mental Imagery, 8, 15–42.
Bahrami, A., Mohammadipou, F., Sivitsky, V., & Saremi, A. (2012). Relation between mental imagery and athletes’ team efficiency in the fields of futsal, basketball, volleyball and handball. Young Sport Science of Ukraine. 1, 6–12.
Campos, A. (2014). Gender differences in imagery. Personality and Individual Differences, 59, 107–111.
Carron, A. V., Bray, S. R., & Eys, M. A. (2002). Team cohesion and team success in sport. Journal of Sports Sciences, 20, 119- 126.
Carron, A.V., Widmeyer, W. N., & Brawley, L. R. (1985). The development of an instrument to assess cohesion in sport teams: The group environment questionnaire. Journal of Sport Psychology, 7, 244-266.
Cochran, W. G. (1977). Sampling techniques (3rd ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Cox, R. (2012). Sports Psychology: Concepts and Applications. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Curtin, K. D., Munroe-Chandler, K. J., & Loughead, T. M. (2015). Athletes’ imagery use from a team-level perspective and team cohesion. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 1-17.
Dev, R. D. O., Mohamed, S., Hambali, Z., & Samah, B. A. (2009). Comparison on cognitive effects of centella asiatica in healthy middle age female and male volunteers. European Journal of Scientific Research, 31(4), 553-565.
Dev, R. D. O., Permal, V., & Fauzee, M. S. O. (2009). Rural urban differences in body image perception, body mass index and dieting behaviour among Malay adolescent Malaysian schoolgirls. European Journal of Scientific Research, 34(1), 69-82.
Eys, M. A., Ohlert, J., Evans, M. B., Wolf, S. A., Martin, L. J., Van Bussel, M., & Steins, C. (2015). Cohesion and performance for female and male sport teams. The Sport Psychologist, 29, 97–109. doi:10.1123/tsp.2014-0027.
Eys, M., Carron, A., Bray, S., & Brawley, L. (2007). Item wording and internal consistency of a measure of cohesion: The group environment questionnaire. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 29, 395–402.
Farah, M. J. (1984). The neurological basis of mental imagery: A componentlal analysis. Cognition, 18, 245–272. doi:10.1016/0010–0277(84)90026-X
Filho, E., Dobersek, U., Gershgoren, L., Tenenbaum, G. (2014). The cohesion–performance relationship in sport: A 10-year retrospective meta-analysis. Sport Sciences for Health, 10(3), 165-177.
Gould, D., Flett, M. R., & Bean, E. (2009). Mental Preparation for Training and Competition, in Sport Psychology (ed Brewer, B. W.), Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell. doi: 10.1002/9781444303650.ch6
Gregg, M., & Hall, C. (2006). Measurement of motivational imagery abilities in sport. Journal of Sports Sciences, 24, 961–971.
Gregg, M., & Strachan, L. (2015). Examining Developmental Differences in Imagery Use with Youth Soccer Players. Journal of Imagery Research in Sport and Physical Activity, 10(1), 1-7.
Gregg, M., Hall, C., McGowan, E., & Hall, N. (2011). The relationship between imagery ability and imagery use among athletes. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 23, 129–141. doi: 10.1080/10413200.2010.544279
Guillot, A., & Collet, C. (2008). Construction of the motor imagery integrative model in sport: A review and theoretical investigation of motor imagery use. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 1(1), 31–44.
Hall, C. R., Mack, D. E., Paivio, A., & Hausenblas, H. A. (1998). Imagery use by athletes: Development of the sport imagery questionnaire. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 29(1): 73–89.
Hardy, J., Hall, C. R., & Carron, A. V. (2003). Perceptions of team cohesion and athletes’ use of imagery. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 34, 151–167.
Holmes, P. S., & Collins, D. J. (2001). The PETTLEP approach to motor imagery: A functional equivalence model for sport psychology. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 13, 60–83.
Jacobson, E. (1930). Electrical measurement of neuromuscular states during mental activities. American Journal of Physiology, 94, 24–34.
Justine, M., Hamid, T. A., Kamalden, T. F. T., & Ahmad, Z. (2010). A multicomponent exercise program's effects on health-related quality of life of institutionalized elderly. Topics in Geriatric Rehabilitation, 26(1), 70-79.
Lang, P. J. (1978). A bio-informational theory of emotional imagery. Psychophysiology, 16, 495–512.
Mattie, P. (2009). Examining the relationship between imagery use and mental toughness. Electronic Theses and Dissertations.
McEwan, D., & Beauchamp, M. R. (2014). Teamwork in sport: a theoretical and integrative review. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 7(1), 229–250. doi.org/10.1080/1750984X.2014.932423
Mendes, P., Marinho, D., & Petrica, J. (2015). Comparison between genders in imagery ability in Portuguese basketball practitioners. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 15(3), 391-399.
Morris, T., Spittle, M., & Watt, A. (2005). Imagery in Sport. United States: Human Kenetics.
Munroe-Chandler, K. J., Hall, C. R., Fishburne, G. J., Murphy, L., & Hall, N. D. (2012). Effects
of a cognitive specific imagery intervention on the soccer skill performance of young
athletes: Age group comparisons. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 13(3), 324-331.
Muthiane, C. M., Rintaugu, E. G., & Mwisukha, A. (2015). The Relationship between Team Cohesion and Performance in Basketball League in Kenya. International Journal of Applied Psychology, 5(4), 90-95.
Mughal, H. A. (2019). Support at Work and its Relationship with Employee Performance: Critical Insights for Early Scholars. Annals of Contemporary Developments in Management & HR (ACDMHR), 1(3), 16-21.
Naji, F. L., Kamalden, T. F. T., & Amri, S. (2020). Psychological distress and physiological markers: Differences comparison in first division football players. International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences, 8(1), 43-49. doi:10.13189/saj.2020.080106
Nekooei, P., Majlesi, S., Sharifi, G., Kamalden, T. F. T., & Nekouei, P. (2016). Comparison of anthropometric parameters among iranian and spanish water polo players. Russian Open Medical Journal, 5(2) doi:10.15275/rusomj.2016.0204
Nordin, S. M., & Cumming, J. (2008). Types and functions of athletes’ imagery: Testing predictions from the applied model of imagery use by examining effectiveness. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 6(2), 189-206.
Omar-Fauzee, M. S., Jamalis, M., Yusof, A., Zarina, M., Dev, O. R. D., Padli, H. M. Y., Nasaruddin, M. N. (2009). College students perception on physical education classes during their high school days. European Journal of Social Sciences, 7(4), 69-76.
Paivio, A. (1985). Cognitive and motivational functions of imagery in human performance. Canadian Journal of Applied Sport Sciences, 10, 22S–28S.
Peltomaki, V. (2014). Imagery ability and imagery use in individual and team sports. (Master’s thesis, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, Finland). Retrieved from https://jyx.jyu.fi/dspace/handle/123456789/44218.
Rattanakoses, R., Omar-Fauzee, M. S., Geok, S. K., Abdullah, M. C., Choosakul, C., Nazaruddin, M. N., & Nordin, H. (2009). Evaluating the relationship of imagery and self-confidence in female and male athletes. European Journal of Social Sciences, 10(1), 129-142.
Richardson, A. (2013). Group cohesion. Retrieved September 03, 2020, from http://www.idfpa.net/sports-psychology---group-cohesion.
Robin, N., Dominique, L., Toussaint, L., Blandin, Y., Guillot, A., & Le Her, M. (2007). Effect of motor imagery training on service return accuracy in tennis: The role of imagery ability. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 2, 175–186.
Sabin, S. I., & Marcel, P. (2014). Group cohesion important factor in sport performance. European Scientific Journal, 10(26), 56-72.
Sabin, S. I., & Marcel, P. (2015). Improving performance of a basketball team (10-12 years) through developing cohesion of the sport group. Ovidius University Annals, Physical Education and Sport/Science, Movement and Health Series, 15(2 Suppl.), 534-540.
Sackett, R. S. (1934). The influence of symbolic rehearsal upon the retention of a maze habit. Journal of General Psychology, 13, 113–128
Salas, E., Grossman, R., Hughes, A. M., & Coultas, C. W. (2015). Measuring Team Cohesion: Observations from the Science. Human Factors, 57(3), 365–374. doi:10.1177/0018720815578267
Samsudin, S., Kamalden, T. F. T., Aziz, A., Ismail, H., & Ujang, A. F. (2019). Effectiveness of outdoor education program on physical education student resilience. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change, 9(12), 218-229.
Schwanhausser, L. (2009). Application of the mindfulness-acceptance-commitment (MAC) protocol with an adolescent springboard diver. Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology, 3(4), 377-395.
Sewell, D., Watkins, P., & Griffin, M. (2013). Sport and exercise science: An introduction. New York: Routledge.
Shearer, D. A., Holmes, P., & Mellalieu, S. D. (2009). Collective efficacy in sport: The future from a social neuroscience perspective. International Review of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 2(1), 38–53.
Simonsmeier, B. A., & Buecker, S. (2016). Interrelations of Imagery Use, Imagery Ability, and Performance in Young Athletes. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 1-12. doi: 10.1080/10413200.2016.1187686
Soh, K. G., Ruby, H., Soh, K. L., Sofian, M., & Marjohan, J. (2009). Physical profile comparison between basketball and netball players in Malaysia based on performance and playing position. Journal of Health and Translational Medicine, 12(1), 22-26
Terry, P. C., Carron, A. V., Pink, M. J., Lane, A. M., Jones, G. J. W., & Hall, M. P. (2000). Perceptions of group cohesion and mood in sport teams. Group Dynamics, 4(3), 244–253.
Vadocz, E. A., Hall, C. R., & Moritz, S. E. (1997). The relationship between competitive anxiety and imagery use. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 9, 241-253.
Watt, A., Morris, T., & Anderson, M. B. (2004). Issues in the development of a measure of imagery ability in sport. Journal of Mental Imagery, 28, 149–180
Williams, S. E., & Cumming, J. (2011). Measuring athlete imagery ability: The Sport Imagery Ability Questionnaire. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 33, 416-440.
Williams, S. E., & Cumming, J. (2013). Introducing the revised applied model of deliberate imagery use for sport, dance, exercise, and rehabilitation. Movement & Sport Sciences – Science & Motricit´e, 82, 69–81. doi: 10.1051/sm/2013098
Williams, S. E., & Cumming, J. (2014). The Sport Imagery Ability Questionnaire Manual. Birmingham, UK: Author. doi: 10.13140/RG.2.1.1608.6565
Williams, S. E., & Cumming, J. (2015). Athlete imagery ability: A predictor of confidence and anxiety intensity and direction. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology. doi: 10.1080/1612197X.2015.1025809
Williams, S. E., Cumming, J., Ntoumanis, N., Nordin-Bates, S. M., Ramsey, R., & Hall, C. (2012). Further validation and development of the movement imagery questionnaire. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 34(5), 631-646.
Yu, Q. H., Fu, A. S., Kho, A., Li, J., Sun, X. H., & Chan, C. C. (2015). Imagery perspective among young athletes: Differentiation between external and internal visual imagery. Journal of Sport and Health Science, 5(2), 211–218.
Yusof, A., & Vasuthevan, M. (2007). Group cohesion of Malaysian national junior athletes. Journal of the International Council for Health, Physical Education, Recreation, Sport and Dance, 43(1), 27-39.
Zakaria, J., Yasim, M. M., Taff, M. A. M. (2012). The impact of adventure based activity at Malaysian national service training programme on team cohesion: A demographic analysis. International Journal of Sport Management, Recreation & Tourism, 10, 64-79.

In-Text Citation: (Dev et al., 2020)
To Cite this Article: Dev, R., Siti Yusra, O. D., Fadilah, T. Y., Soh, K. G., & Siswantoyo. (2020). Relationship between Imagery Use and Imagery Ability Towards Team Cohesion Among Masum Athletes. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 10(12), 508-526.