ISSN: 2222-6990
Open access
As a natural island, Perhentian Island has now become a popular attraction for both local and international tourists because of its beautiful beaches and islands. The rapid development of the tourism sector will consequently lead to the high influx of tourists to the tourist destination. However, uncontrolled tourism development can have negative impacts on the environment. The purpose of this study is to identify the perception of the residents on the environmental impact of tourism development in their area. A total of 200 questionnaires were applied in Perhentian Island by using a simple random sampling method. The collected data were analysed using descriptive statistics, reliability test, factor analysis, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA and multiple regression. The results of this study showed that 38.855% of variance of residents perception has been explained by natural resources of tourism, 23.163% of variance has been explained by environmental concerns of tourism and 16.210% of variance has been explained by environmental pollution of tourism. There were significant differences in variables such as age [F (74,125) = 1.574, p=0.013] and monthly income [F (74,125) = 2.424, p=0.000] with resident perception of the overall impacts of the environment. Further, the components of environmental impact namely natural resources, environmental concern and environmental pollution, are predictors of resident support for the tourism sector [F (3,196) = 4.704, ?<0.05] in Perhentian Island. As a conclusion, this study has provided a clear picture of the environmental impacts of tourism development and residents support for tourism development in Perhentian Island. Subsequently, the environmental impacts received by the residents were further explored to identify the components involved and subsequently linked to their support for the development of the tourism sector.
Alipour, H., Fatemi, H., & Malazizi, N. (2020). Is Edu-Tourism a Sustainable Option? A Case Study of Residents’ Perceptions. Sustainability 12: 1–29.
Almeida-García, F., Peláez-Fernández, M. Á., Balbuena-Vázquez, A., and Cortés-Macias, R. (2016). Residents’ perceptions of tourism development in Benalmádena (Spain). Tour. Manag 54(3): 259–274.
Ardahaey, F. T. (2011). Economic Impacts of Tourism Industry. International Journal of Business and Management 6(8): 206-215.
Asadzadeh, A., & Mousavi, M. S. S. (2017). The Role of Tourism on the Environment and its Governing Law. Electronic Journal of Biology 13(2): 152–158.
Asyraf Afthanorhan, Zainudin Awang., & Sharifah Fazella. (2017). Perception of Tourism Impact and Support Tourism Development in Terengganu, Malaysia. Soc. Sci. 6(3): 106. DOI:10.3390/socsci6030106
Bagri, S. C., & Kala, D. (2016). Residents’ Attitudes toward Tourism Development and Impacts in Koti -Kanasar, Indroli, Pattyur Tourism Circuit of Uttarakhand State, India. PASOS. Revista de Turismo y Patrimonio Cultural 14(1): 23–39.
Besut District Council. (2020). http://mdb.terengganu.gov.my/ms/pelawat/destinasi-menarik/pulau-perhentian (accessed June 2020).
Boonsiritomachai, W., & Phonthanukitithaworn, C. (2019). Residents’ Support for Sports Events Tourism Development in Beach City: The Role of Community’s Participation and Tourism Impacts. SAGE Open 9(2): 1-15
Brida, J. G., Disegna, M., & Osti, L. (2011). Residents’ Perceptions of Tourism Impacts and Attitudes Towards Tourism Policies in a Small Mountain Community. Benchmarking: An International Journal 18(3): 359–385.
Burke, L. M., Spalding, M., & Selig, E. (2002). Reefs at risk in southeast Asia. Washington, D.C: World Resources Institute-Kogan Page.
Capocchi, A., Vallone, C., Pierotti, M., & Amaduzzi, A. (2019). Overtourism: a literature review to assess implications and future perspectives. Sustainability 11(12): 3303.
Chang, K., Sullivan, W., Lin, Y., Su, W., & Chang, C. (2016). The effect of biodiversity on green space users’ wellbeing-An empirical investigation using physiological evidence. Sustainability 8(10): 1049.
Chang, K. G., Chien, H., Cheng, H., & Chen, Hsin-i. (2018.) The Impacts of Tourism Development in Rural Indigenous Destinations: An Investigation of the Local Residents’ Perception Using Choice Modeling. Sustainability 10(12): 4766.
DOI:10.3390/su10124766. 1-15.
Chen, J. S. (2015). Tourism Stakeholders Attitudes Toward Sustainable Development: A Case in the Arctic. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services 22(1): 225–230.
Chen, C. M., Lin, Y. L., & Hsu, C. L. (2017). Does air pollution drive away tourists? A case study of the sun moon lake national scenic area, Taiwan. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment 53: 398–402.
Chua, Y. P. (2006). Research Methods. Shah Alam: McGraw-Hill Education.
CNN Travel. (2017). 10 Best Islands for a Malaysia
Holiday.http://edition.cnn.com/travel/article/malaysia-best-islands/index.html. (accessed May 2020).
Deng, T., Xin, L., & Mulan, M. (2017). Evaluating impact of air pollution on China’s inbound tourism industry: a spatial econometric approach. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research. 22(7): 771-780.
Department of Information Malaysia. (2019).
http://www.penerangan.gov.my/dmdocuments/ekonomi_malaysia_harungi_cabaran_global/files/assets/common/downloads/publication.pdf (assesed January 2019.
Department of Marine Parks Malaysia. (2019). http://www.dmpm.nre.gov.my/pusat-peranginan-terengganu.html?uweb=jtl (assessed September 2019).
Foroni, I., Modica, P., & Zenga, M. (2019). Residents’ Satisfaction with Tourism and the European Tourism Indicator System in South Sardinia. Sustainability 11(8): 1–18.
Ferronato, N., & Torretta, V. (2019). Waste Mismanagement in Developing Countries: A Review of Global Issues. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 16(6): 1-28
Figueroa-Domecq, C., & Segovia-Perez, M. (2020). Application of a gender perspective in tourism research: a theoretical and practical approach. Journal of Tourism Analysis: Revista de Analisis Turístico 27(2): 251-270
GhulamRabbany, M., Afrin, S., Rahman, A., Islam, F., & Hoque, F. (2013). Environmental Effects of Tourism. American Journal of Environment, Energy and Power Research 1(7): 117-130.
Gong, J., Detchkhajornjaroensri, P., & Knight, D. W. (2019). Responsible tourism in Bangkok, Thailand: Resident perceptions of Chinese tourist behaviour. Int. J. Tour. Res. 21(2): 221–233.
Hearne, R. R., & Salinas, Z. M. (2002). The use of choice experiments in the analysis of tourist preferences for ecotourism development in Costa Rica. J. Environ. Manag 65(2): 153–163.
Kim, K., Uysal, A., & Sirgy, M. J. (2013). How Does Tourism in a Community Impact the Quality of Life of Community Residents? Tourism Management 36(7): 527–540.
Lai, P. H., & Nepal, S. K. (2006). Local perspectives of ecotourism development in Tawushan Nature Reserve, Taiwan. Tour. Manag 27: 1117–1129.
Lee, H. Y., Bonn, M. A., & Reid, E. L. (2017). Differences in tourist ethical judgment and responsible tourism intention: An ethical scenario approach. Tourism Management 60: 298–307.
Marques, M. I. A., Candeias, M. T. R., & de Magalhaes, C. M. R. (2020). How Residents the Impacts of Tourism. The Case of the Historic Centre of Porto. International Journal of Management Science and Business Administration 6(6): 7-14.
Mak, B. K. L., & Cheung, L. T. O. (2017). Community Participation in the Decision-Making Process for Sustainable Tourism Development in Rural Areas of Hong Kong, China. Sustainability 9(10):1695. DOI: 10.3390/su9101695
Marsiglio, S. (2017). On the carrying capacity and the optimal number of visitors in tourism destinations. Tourism Economics 23(3): 632–646.
Mbaiwa, J. E., & Stronza, A.L. (2011). Changes In Residents’ Attitudes Towards Tourism Development And Conservation in the Okavango Delta, Botswana. Journal of Environment Management 92(8): 1950–1959.
Meimand, S. E., & Khalifah, Z. and Zavadskas, E. K. and Mardani, A. and Najafipour, A. A. and Ahmad, U.N.U. (2017) Residents' attitude toward tourism development: A sociocultural perspective. Sustainability 9(7): 1170; https://doi.org/10.3390/su9071170
Sharif, M. N. (2017). Pelancongan Pulau dan Pembangunan Sosioekonomi Pengusaha Tempatan. PhD diss., School of Distance Education, Universiti Sains Malaysia.
Mikayilov, J. I., Mukhtarov, S., Mammadov, J., & Azizov, M. (2019). Re-evaluating the environmental impacts of tourism: does EKC exist? Environmental Science and Pollution Research 26(19): 19389–19402.
Mohammed, K. N. (2018). An Assessment of Tourism’s Environmental Impact on the Lake Bosomtwe Basin. International Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Administration 19(3): 259–288.
Newsome, D., & Hughes, M. (2018), The contemporary conservation reserve visitor phenomenon. Biodiversity and Conservation. 27(2) 521-529
Nunkoo, R., & Gursoy, D. (2012). Residents’ support for tourism: An identity perspective. Ann. Tour. Res 39(1): 243–268.
Nunkoo, R., & Ramkissoon, H. (2012). Power, Trust, Social Exchange and Community Support. Annals of Tourism Research 39(2): 997–1023.
Ohlan, R. (2017). The relationship between tourism, financial development and economic growth in India. Future Business Journal 3(1): 9-22
Queiros, D., & Mearns, K. (2018). Khanyayo village and Mkhambathi Nature Reserve, South Africa: a pragmatic qualitative investigation into attitudes towards a protected area. Journal of Sustainable Tourism 27(6): 750–772.
Ribeiro, M. A., Pinto, P., Silva, J. A., & Woosnam, K. M. (2017). Residents’ attitudes and the adoption of pro-tourism behaviours: The case of developing island countries. Tour. Manag. 61: 523–537.
Sagerman, L., Hansen, J. P., & Wikstro, S. A. (2020). Effects of boat traffic and mooring infrastructure on aquatic vegetation: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ambio 49(2):517–530. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-019-01215-9
Sanchez, A. V., Bueno, N. P., & Mejia, M. (2010). Explaining Residents’ Attitudes to Tourism. Is a Universal Model Possible? Annals of Tourism Research 38(2): 460–480.
Santos, L. L., Cardoso, L., Araujo-Vila, N., & Fraiz-Brea, J. A. 2020. Sustainability Perceptions in Tourism and Hospitality: A Mixed-Method Bibliometric Approach. Sustainability 12(21): 1-18.
Snyman, S. (2014). Assessment of the main factors impacting community members’ attitudes towards tourism and protected areas in six southern African countries. Koedoe 56(2): 1–12.
Snyman, S., & Bricker, K. S. (2019). Living on the edge: benefit sharing from protected area tourism. Journal of Sustainable Tourism 27(6): 705–719.
Sinclair-Maragh, G. (2017). Demographic analysis of residents’ support for tourism development in Jamaica. J. Destin. Marketing Management 6: 5–12
Stoeckl, N., Greiner, R., and Mayocchi, C. (2006). The community impacts of different types of visitors: An empirical investigation of tourism in North-west Queensland. Tour. Manag 27(1): 97–112.
Stylidis, D., Biran, A., Sit, J., & Szivas, E. M. (2014). Residents’ Support for Tourism Development: The Role of Residents’ Place Image and Perceived Tourism Impacts. Tourism Management 45: 260–274.
Tang, Z., Bai, S., Shi, C., Liu, L., & Li, X. (2018). Tourism-Related CO2 Emission and Its Decoupling Effects in China: A Spatiotemporal Perspective. Advances in Meteorology. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/1473184
Taiminen, S. (2018). The negative impacts of over tourism on tourism destination from environmental and socio-cultural perspectives. Degree Thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona.
Wang, S. (2019). Residents’ perceptions of community-based disaster tourism: The case of Yingxiu, China. Asia Pac. J. Tour. Res. 24(7): 669–678
Wang, L., Fang, B., & Law, R. (2018). Effect of air quality in the place of origin on outbound tourism demand: disposable income as a moderator. Tourism Management 68: 152–161.
Yan, L., Duarte, F., Wang, D., Zheng, S., & Ratti, C. (2019). Exploring the effect of air pollution on social activity in China using geotagged social media check-in data. Cities 91: 116–125.
Yu, C.Y. (2018). An application of sustainable development in indigenous people’s revival: The history of an indigenous tribe’s struggle in Taiwan. Sustainability 10(9): 32–59.
Yuxi, Z., & Linsheng, Z. (2017). Impact of Tourist Environmental Awareness on Environmental Friendly Behaviors: A Case Study from Qinghai Lake, China. Journal of Resources and Ecology 8(5): 502–513.
Zajchowski, C., Rose, J., & Browlee, M. (2018). Air quality and the visitor experience in parks and protected areas. Tourism Geographies 21(4): 613–634.
Zhou, B., Qu, H., Du, X., & Liu, F. (2018). Air quality and inbound tourism in China. Tourism Analysis 23(1): 159–164.
Zhu, R. (2018). Analysis on the impact of haze on Beijing residents’ traveling intention and Decision Making. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, Vol. 394.
In-Text Citation: (Sharif et al., 2021)
To Cite this Article: Sharif, N. M., Lonik, K. ‘Azam T., & Muda, N. S. (2021). The Environmental Impact of Perhentian Island. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 11(3), 301-318.
Copyright: © 2021 The Author(s)
Published by Human Resource Management Academic Research Society (www.hrmars.com)
This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) license. Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article (for both commercial and non-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. The full terms of this license may be seen at: http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode