ISSN: 2222-6990
Open access
Sago industry which comprises sago cultivation, processing and sago-based food entrepreneurship has its own youth participation challenges. Consequently, the study aimed at determining constraints factors affecting rural youth sago producers. The constraint factors, namely internal and external factors are developed from modelling reason action theory. Data were collected from 200 youth sago producers in Mukah Division via face-to-face interview using a close-ended questionnaire. The data were analysed by means of descriptive statistics, exploratory factor analysis and binary logistic regression model. The descriptive statistic showed the pattern of youth participation in the sago industry. The result of exploratory factor analysis identified six constraints factors affecting youth sago producers; commodity price, new knowledge, physical infrastructure, income, assistance and training. The result of binary logistic regression showed that the low participation of part-time to full-time participation of youth sago producers is significantly influenced by new knowledge, physical infrastructure and training constraint factors. The study suggests rural youth requires technological advancement in the sago industry. In addition, the findings may provide useful information to the relevant stakeholders to re-evaluate the assistance and support programs to increase the participation and productivity of the Melanau youth. Furthermore, encouragement be given to more non-Melanaus to participate in sago industry.
Abdullah, N., Ahmad, S. A., & Ayob, M. A. (2016). Labour force participation of rural youth in plantation sector of Northern Peninsular Malaysia. Jurnal Ekonomi Malaysia, 50(2), 83-92. doi.org/10 .17576/ JEM-2016-5002-07
Afande, F. O., Maina, W. N., & Maina, F. M. P. (2015). Youth engagement in agriculture in Kenya:
Agricultural Economics (IJFAEC), 2(1128-2016-92018), 157-164. Retrieved from: https://ageconsearch.umn.ed u/record/163717/
Agwu, N. M., Nwankwo, E. E., & Anyanwu, C. I. (2014). Determinants of agricultural labour
Ahmad, M. (2014). Farmer Empowerment to Increase Productivity of Sago (Metroxylon sago spp) Farming. International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering, Information Tchnology 4(3). Retrieve from: https://media.neliti.com/media/publications/95035EN-farmer-empowe rment-to-increase-productiv.pdf
Ahmad, N. M., Supaat, D. I., Wook, I., Tagoranao, M. S., & Rahman, N. A. A. (2018). Malaysians’ Reluctance to Work in Local 3D Sectors: A Preliminary Review. The Journal of Social Sciences Research, (4), 220-230. doi.org/10.32861/jssr.sp4.220.223. Retrieved from: https://ideas.rep ec.org/ a/arp/tjssrr/2018p220-230.html
Ajzen, I., & Fishbein, M. (1980). Understanding attitudes and predicting social behavior. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Bartoll, X., Cortès, I., & Artazcoz, L. (2014). Full-and part-time work: gender and welfare type differences in European working conditions, job satisfaction, health status, and psychosocial issues. Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health, 40(4), 370 - 379. doi:10.5271/s jweh.3429.
Bessant, K. C. (2006). A farm household conception of pluriactivity in Canadian agriculture: Motivation, diversification and livelihood. Canadian Review of Sociology/Revue Canadienne de sociologie, 43(1), 51-72. doi: 10.1111/j.1755-618X.2006.tb00854.x.
Borneo Post Online. (2014). Objectives of sago project still not met after 26 years. The Borneo Post Online, Sarawak. Retrieved from: https://www.theborneo post.com/2014/11/11/objectives-of-sago-project-still-not-metafter-26-years/
Borneo Post Online. (2018) Uggah: Government committed to develop sago industry. The Borneo Post Online, Sarawak. Retrieved from https://www.theborneopost.com/2 018/07/19/uggah-government-committed-to-develop-sagoindustry/#:~:text=%E2%80%9CUnder%20the%20Sago%20Development%20Programme,rehabilitation%20of%20sago%20small%20holdings.&text=The%20total%20sago%20area%20in,marginal%20increase%20over%20the%20years.
Business of Forest Products, BFPRO. (n.d): Sago Starch. Retrieved from
Challenges and prospects. Journal of Culture, Society and Development Vol.7. Retrieved from:
Challenges_of_Sustainable_Livelihood_among_Smallcale_Sago_Farmers_in_Mukah_District_of_Sarawak
Chuangchid, K., Wiboonpongse, A., Sriboonchitta, S., & Chaiboonsri, C. (2012). Factors affecting palm oil price based on extremes value approach. International Journal of Marketing Studies, 4(6), 54. doi.org/10.5539/ijms.v4n6p54.
cific%20Studies%234(2)20pp99-116.pdf
Department of Agriculture Malaysia, DOA. (2014). Industrial Crop Statistics, Malaysia. Retrieved from:http://www.doa.gov.my/index/resources/aktiviti_sumber/sumber_awam/makluat_pertanian/perangkaan_tanaman/perangkaan_tnmn_industri_2018.pdf
Edgar, N. (2019). Time to establish Sago Board, Craun Research CEO suggests. Dayak Daily. Retrieved from https://dayakdaily.com/time-to-set-up-sago-board-suggests-craun-research-ceo/
Forouhari, S., Ghaemi, S. Z., Jahromi, B. N., Dehaghani, A. S., & Parsanezhad, M. E. (2019). A New Method for Diagnosing and Follow up the Treatment of Uterine Fibroids: Uterine Endoscope: a Review Article. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 1(1), 14-21.
Gari, P. (2017) Kerajaan negeri diminta bangunkan PPN. Utusan Borneo, Retrieved from https://www.utusanborneo.com.my/2017/11/09/kerajaan-negeri-diminta-bantu-angun-ppn
Hao, H., Li, X., & Zhang, J. (2013), Impacts of part-time farming on agricultural Land use in ecologically vulnerable areas in North China. Journal of Resources and Ecology, 4(1):70-79. 2013. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5814/j.issn.1674-764x.2013.01.010.
http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.972.6946&ep=rep1&typepdf
https://jifpro.or.jp/bfpro/sn/sn-17/1522/
Hussin, S. H., Daud, A. I. A., & Ashari, N. M. (2018). Preliminary Analysis of Adoption of Sago Smallholders Satellite Estate Development (SSSED) Programme among Sago Cultivators in Mukah/Dalat Areas of Sarawak, Malaysia. Global Business and Management Research, 10(2), 137-145. Retrieved from: https://search.proquest.com/openview/47ab18902d 36842d7fd8a4 4744141830/1?pqorigsite=gscholar&cb l=696409.
Ishak, S. Z. A., Taibi, M., & Yaakub, A. N. (2017). Impact of sago crop commercialization programs on gender roles of Melanau communities in Sarawak, Malaysia. Asian Social Science, 13(12), 35-44.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v13n12p35. Retrieved from: http://www.ccsenet.org/journal/ind ex.php /ass/article/download/70284/39426
Khulidin, K. A. (2015). Technology Transfer For Young Generation Entrepreneur Through MARDI Youth Agropreneur Programme. FFTC-MARDI International Seminar on Cultivating the Young Generation of Farmers with Farmland Policy Implications, May 25-29. Selangor. Retrieved from: http://ap.fftc.agnet.org/ap_db.php?id=446
Man, N. (2012). Unleashing youth potentials in developing the agricultural sector. Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities, 20 (1): 93 – 106.
Ming, W. Y. T., & Siong, C. C. (2014). Towards strengthening the development of women entrepreneurship in Malaysia. Gender in Management: An International Journal. Retrieved from https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/GM-10-20130122/full/html
Nag, A., Jha, S. K., Mohammad, A., & Maiti, S. (2017). Measuring Attitude of Rural Youth towards Dairying as an Occupation: A Likert Scale. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 6(12), https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.612.371
Naim, H. M., Yaakub, A. N., & Hamdan, D. A. A. (2016). Commercialization of sago throughestate plantation scheme in Sarawak: The Way Forward. International Journal of Agronomy, 2016. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/8319542
Najim, M. M. M., Lee, T. S., Haque, M. A., & Esham, M. (2007). Sustainability of rice production: A Malaysian perspective. The Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 3(1). Retrieved from: https://www.academia.edu/2684991/SUSTAINABILITY_OF_RICEPRODUCTION_A_MALAYSIAN_PERSPECTIVE
participation among youths in Abia State, Nigeria. International Journal of Food and
Rakan Sarawak. (2006). Mukah Sedia Laksana Konsep Zon Pengeluaran. Suara Sarawak, p.3. Retrieved from: https://sciencedocbox.com/78298736-Physics/Ke-r-a-j-a-a-n-n-e g-e-r-i-t-e-l-a-h.html
Sarawak Data. (2017). Sago starch 10 years performance. Retrieved from: https://data.sarawak.gov.my/home/data/resource/f00930cb-1fa0-450e-81463d1e814f122c
Shanjeevika, V., Indumathy, K., & Murugan, P. P. (2018). Constraints Faced by the Rural Youth in Farm Activities. Journal of Extension, 30(3). doi.org/10.26725/JEE.2018.3.30.6137-6139.
Simatupang, D. O., Dawapa, M., Fachrizal, R., & Untari, U. (2019). Social and Economic Capital on Sustainability of Sago Processing Business. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 10(3). Retrieved from http://www.iaeme.com/ijciet/issues.asp?JType =IJCIET& VType=10&IType=03
Singh, S. P., & Williamson, H. Jr. (1981). Part-Time Farming: Productivity And Some Implications Of Off-Farm Work By Farmers. Southern Journal Of Agricultural Economics. DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ. 30129
Suara Sarawak. (2019). 1343 Belia Diajar Bercucuk Tanam. Suara Sarawak, Ekonomi. Retrieved from https://suarasarawak.my/2019/05/04/1343-belia-diajar-bercucuk tanam787568/
Suara Sarawak. (2019). Industri rumbia berkembang. Suara Sarawak, Ekonomi. Retrieved from https://suarasarawak.my/2019/07/30/industri-rumbia-berkembang/
Taibi, M., Ishak, S. Z. A., & Tuah, K. M. (2018). Melanau Women Engagement in Income Generating Activity of Sago Pearls-Based Food Products: Level of Participation and Motivation Factors. Global Business & Management Research, 10(2), 96-105. Retrieved from: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1gDZI09YMyOSGTyZXjpHOGiRh9Z GBnRT4/view
Tiraieyari, N., & Krauss, S. E. (2018). Predicting youth participation in urban agriculture in Malaysia: insights from the theory of planned behavior and the functional approach to volunteer motivation. Agriculture and Human Values, 35(3), 637-650. Retrieved from: https://link .springer.com/article/10.1007/s10460-018-9854-8
Toader, M., & Roman, G. V. (2015). Family farming–examples for rural communities development. Agriculture and Agricultural Science Procedia, 6, 89-94. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aaspro.2015.08.043
Toyoda, Y. (2008). Anthropological Studies of Sago Palm in Papua New Guinea (No. 13). Tokyo: Rikkyo University Centre for Asian Area Studies. Retrieved from: https://rikkyo.repo.nii.ac.jp/?a ction=pages_view_main&active_action=repository_viw_main_item_detail&item_id=15055&item_no=1&page_id=13&block_id=49
Trendov, N. M., Varas, S., & Meng, Z. (2019). Digital technologies in agriculture and rural areas: Status report. Organization of the United Nations, Rome. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/3 /ca4985en/ca4985en.pdf
Trisia, M. A., Metaragakusuma, A. P., Osozawa, K., & Bai, H. (2017). Do Small-Scale Farmers Want to Plant Sago Palm? An Empirical Analysis of the Factors Influencing Farmer Participation in Luwu Utara Regency, Indonesia. Journal of Agriculture and Crops, 3(12), 97-109. Retrieved from: https://ideas.repec.org/a/arp/jacarp/2017p97109.html
Uddin, M. R., Hoque, N., Ibrahim, M., & Mamun, A. (2014). Work motivation: A Study on regular and part-time Employees of Bangladesh. Int. J. Manag. Bus. Res, 4(3), 235-245. Retrieved from: https://www.sid.ir/en/journal/ViewPaper.aspx?id=429095
Wardis, G. (2014). Socio-economic factors that have influenced the decline of sago consumption in small islands: a case in rural Maluku, Indonesia. South Pacific Studies, 34(2), 99-116. Retrieved from: http://cpi.kagoshimau.ac.jp/publicatio ns/southpacificstudies/sps/sps342/South%20Pa
Yaakub, A. N., Naim, H. M., & Hamdan, D. A. A. (2018). Challenges of Sustainable Livelihood among Small-scale Sago Farmers in Mukah District of Sarawak. Global Business & Management Research, 10(2). Retrieved from: https://www.researchgate.net/public cation/329587577_
In-Text Citation: (Zanariah et al., 2021)
To Cite this Article: Ishak, S. Z. A., Yaakub, A. N., Daud, A. I. A., Hussin, S. H., & Yusof, A. (2021). Factors Affecting Brand Relationship Quality of Halal Food and The Mediating Role of Halal Literacy. International Journal of Academic Research in Busines and Social Sciences. 11(14), 51-70.
Copyright: © 2021 The Author(s)
Published by HRMARS (www.hrmars.com)
This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) license. Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article (for both commercial and non-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. The full terms of this license may be seen at: http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode