Problems of Government Secondary School System in Pakistan: Critical Analysis of Literature and Finding a Way Forward

This study critically analyses the problems of government secondary school system in Pakistan. For this purpose a vast existing literature was critically reviewed. Analysis of literature showed that the system is affected due to the following main reasons. The system is financed poorly. There is a lack of motivation among teachers. In some places the teachers are transferred from one place to another on the basis of favoritism and nepotism. The study further found that the system is affected due to political interference in the process of selection. As a result under-qualified teachers are appointed who cannot effectively manage the process of teaching and learning in schools effectively which is reflect in poor performances of students and dissatisfaction among parents regarding the performance of government schools. The study also discovered that teachers are overburdened with more classes due to acute shortage of teaching staff in schools. Lack of teaching and learning resources in schools has affected the quality of teaching and learning. There are meager professional development opportunities for teachers to improve their teaching skills. Last but not least, incessant political interference has gravely affected the process of smooth teaching and learning in schools. On the basis of the findings of this study it is recommended that the problems of teachers could be solved by creating an environment of trust and strengthening the mechanism of accountability in the school systems. Government may increase facilities for teachers and provided resources for teaching and learning. Political interference should be eradicated. Merit should be followed during process of selection of teachers. Ongoing professional development programs should be run on regular basis to enhance teaching skills of teachers.