ISSN: 2226-3624
Open access
The individual market influence intellectual person equity by a particular process of causes, they reach out with government sectors but indirectly affect the individual parts with different SME’s and entrepreneurship. We base the imperial mode of this research study on group data for the period of 2009-2018. The all indicators and data are taking from the secondary sources of World Bank database and individually elaborated according to register code and percentage values. The portfolio equity has been elaborated with 10 years GDP per rate and equity is based on annual change with contribution SMEs which is heighted by percentage. The research indicators analyzed utilizing a linear scale. The GDP, job creation, export of state, employee and import have been computed with first step of least-square and individually stationary root analyzed with unit-root. The stationary root calculated by the Robust statistically technique and individually classifies each indicator. It also affects the contribution rate of the international market with equity of money. The valuations of property and portfolio investment have been analyzed by generalized liner model and an individual elaborated the evidence of future investment by different indicators. It indicates the national level of output in Cote d'Ivoire progress with a collection of revenue and theory of investment showed with SMEs. The computed results analyzed the positive review between GDP, export, import and job creation factors. There are many useful competing theories of capital and showing the global capital with SMEs and shows positive review on export and import. The job creation and employee policies also showed significant effects on SMEs in Cote d'Ivoire.
Abo. (2013). An Empirical Investigation of Ivorian SMEs Access to Bank Finance: Constraining Factors at Demand-Level. Journal of Finance and Investment Analysis, 2(4), 29-55.
Solarin, A. S., Al-Mulali, U., & Ozturk, I. (2017). Validating the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis in India and China: The role of hydroelectricity consumption. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 80, 1578-1587.
doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2017.07.028
Ahmed, S., Mahmood, A., Hasan, A., Sidhu, G. A. S., & Butt, M. F. U. (2016). A comparative review of China, India and Pakistan renewable energy sectors and sharing opportunities. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 57, 216-225.
doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.12.191
AKA, K. L., Hongbo, L., Zaineldeen, S., & Brou, E. F. (2019). Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO) Among Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Côte d’Ivoire. European Journal of Business and Management, 11(33), 89-96. doi:10.7176/EJBM/11-33-10
Aka, K. L., Hongbo, L., Zaineldeen, S., & Fulgence, B. E. (2019). Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO) Among Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Côte d’Ivoire. European Journal of Business and Management, 11(33), 89-96. doi:10.7176/EJBM/11-33-10
Aka, L., Hongbo, L., & Zaineldeen, S. (2021). Examining the Impact of Innovation types on Ivorian Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) Performance and Competitiveness. International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting Finance and Management Sciences, 11(1), 305 - 326. doi:10.6007/IJARAFMS /v11-i1/9223
Al-mulali, U., Tang, C. F., & Ozturk, I. (2015). Estimating the Environment Kuznets Curve hypothesis: Evidence from Latin America and the Caribbean countries. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 50, 918-924. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.05.017
Amri, F. (2017). Intercourse across economic growth, trade and renewable energy consumption in developing and developed countries. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 69, 527-534. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.11.230
Ardjouman & Asma. (2015). Marketing Management Strategies Affecting Performance of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Cote d’Ivoire. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 6(4), 141-150.
Balushi, Y. A., Locke, S., & Boulanouar, Z. (2018). Islamic financial decision-making among SMEs in the Sultanate of Oman: An adaption of the theory of planned behaviour. Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, 20, 30-38.
doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbef.2018.06.001
Bank, W. (2016). Agricultural land (sq. km) - Cote d'Ivoire. Retrieved from https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/AG.LND.AGRI.K2?locations=CI
Bank, W. (2018). Country Profile.
https://databank.worldbank.org/views/reports/reportwidget.aspx?Report_Name=CountryProfile&Id=b450fd57&tbar=y&dd=y&inf=n&zm=n&country=CIV
Benhayoun, L., Le Dain, M.-A., Dominguez-Péry, C., & Lyons, A. C. (2020). SMEs embedded in collaborative innovation networks: How to measure their absorptive capacity? Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 159, 120196.
doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2020.120196
Billon, J. (2013a). Rôle des PME dans l’économie ivoirienne. Paper presented at the Déjeuner-Débat H E C, Republique de Cote d’Ivoire.
Billon, J. (2013b). Rôle des PME dans l’économie ivoirienne. Abidjan / Cote d'Ivoire: Ministère Du Commerce. Republique de Cote d’Ivoire, Ministère Du Commerce, De L’artisanat Et De La Promotion Des Pme.
CEPICI. (2018). Côte D’ivoire : 86 % des entreprises agréées sont viables. Retrieved from https://www.cepici.gouv.ci/?tmp=single_actu&p=actualites&artcl=5564
Diabate, A., Sibiri, H., Wang, L., & Yu, L. (2019). Assessing SMEs’ Sustainable Growth through Entrepreneurs’ Ability and Entrepreneurial Orientation: An Insight into SMEs in Côte d’Ivoire. Sustainability, 11(7149). doi:10.3390/su11247149
ESP, E. S. P., & AfDB, A. D. B. (2018). Étude sur le secteur privé et le financement des TPE/PME en Côte d’Ivoire. Retrieved from Abidjan / Rapport Final ESP
Gupta, H., & Barua, M. K. (2018). A framework to overcome barriers to green innovation in SMEs using BWM and Fuzzy TOPSIS. Science of The Total Environment, 633, 122-139. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.173
Hongbo, L., AKA, K. L., Cybele, D. S., & Ettien, F. B. (2019). Small Medium Enterprise growth and performance: evidence from Cote d’Ivoire. International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management, 7(10), 421-432.
Hongbo, L., Aka, K. L., Raphael, K. Y., & Boris, A. A. (2018). Contribution of Small Medium Enterprises (SMEs) to Economic Development: Comparative Study of China and Cote d’lvoire. International Journal of Academic Research in Business & Social Sciences, 8(11), 1896–1915.
INS. (2018). Une Croissance Maintenue. Retrieved from http://www.ins.ci/n/
Khan, R. (2020a). Effects of Energy Consumption on GDP: New Evidence of 24 Countries on Their Natural Resources and Production of Electricity. Ekonomika, 99(1), 26-49. doi: https://doi.org/10.15388/Ekon.2020.1.2
Khan, R. (2020b). Impact of Monetary Policies on the Exchange Rate and Global Trade Evidence from Ghana. American International Journal of Business and Management Studies, 2(1).
Klewitz, J., & Hansen, E. G. (2014). Sustainability-oriented innovation of SMEs: a systematic review. Journal of Cleaner Production, 65, 57-75.
doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.07.017
Kong, Y., & Khan, R. (2019). To examine environmental pollution by economic growth and their impact in an environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) among developed and developing countries. PloS one, 14(3). doi:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0209532
Kouadio, H. (2015). Constraints of SME in West Africa: the case of Côte d’Ivoire after the crisis. Munich Personal RePEc Archive.
Leckel, A., Veilleux, S., & Dana, L. P. (2020). Local Open Innovation: A means for public policy to increase collaboration for innovation in SMEs. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 153, 119891. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2019.119891
Madanchian, M., Hussein, N., Noordin, F., & Taherdoost, H. (2018). The impact of ethical leadership on leadership effectiveness among SMEs in Malaysia. Procedia Manufacturing, 22, 968-974. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2018.03.138
MENPPMEA. (2018). Stratégie de Développement des PME Ivoirienne. Ministère De L'entrepreneuriat National, De La Promotion Des PME Et De L'artisanat (Cote d'Ivoire). MENPPMEA.
Ndiaye. (2018). Demystifying Small and Medium Enterprises’ (SMEs) Performance in Emerging and Developing Economies. Borsa istanbul Review, 1 - 29.
doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bir.2018.04.003
OECD. (2017a). Enhancing the Contributions of SMEs in a Global and Digitalised Economy. Retrieved from
OECD. (2017b). Enhancing the Contributions of SMEs in a Global and Digitalised Economy. Retrieved from Meeting of the OECD Council at Ministerial Level:
PND. (2011). Resume Analytique. Retrieved from Plan National de development:
Report., W. T. (2016). Levelling the trading field for SMEs. Retrieved from
Saeed, A.-R., McDermott, C., & Boyd, E. (2018). Examining equity in Ghana's national REDD+ process. Forest Policy and Economics, 90, 48-58.
doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2018.01.006
SEDAN. (2013). SMEDAN and National Bureau of Statistics Collaborative Survey: Selected Findings Retrieved from
Tang, D., & Gyasi, K. B. (2012). China – Africa Foreign Trade Policies: the Impact of China's Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) Flow on Employment of Ghana. Energy Procedia, 16, 553-557. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2012.01.089
W. T. O. (2016). Levelling the trading field for SME. Retrieved from
Westman, L., McKenzie, J., & Burch, S. L. (2020). Political participation of businesses: A framework to understand contributions of SMEs to urban sustainability politics. Earth System Governance, 3, 100044. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esg.2020.100044
Yu, F., Shi, Y., & Wang, T. (2020). R&D investment and Chinese manufacturing SMEs’ corporate social responsibility: The moderating role of regional innovative milieu. Journal of Cleaner Production, 258, 120840. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.120840
In-Text Citation: (AKA & Hongbo, 2022)
To Cite this Article: AKA, K. L., & Hongbo, L. (2022). Economic Development by Small Medium Enterprises (SMEs): Case Study Based on Cote d'Ivoire (CIV). International Journal of Academic Research in Economics and Management and Sciences. 11(2), 200 -213.
Copyright: © 2022 The Author(s)
Published by Human Resource Management Academic Research Society (www.hrmars.com)
This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) license. Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article (for both commercial and non-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. The full terms of this license may be seen at: http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode