ISSN: 2226-6348
Open access
Education reform programs are implemented as a platform to improve the quality of the education system through continuous quality improvement practices. This study aimed to examine the level of strategic thinking skills and its differences based on demographic (school category) aspects. The cross-sectional survey method was applied in the data collection process. The research instrument used was the Strategic Thinking Skills questionnaire. A total of 456 respondents were selected using the stratified random sampling method in this study. The results showed that the schoolteachers’ strategic thinking skills were at a relatively high level. There were statistically significant differences in strategic thinking skills in terms of respondents' positions and academic qualifications. On the other hand, there were no significant differences in the factors of school category, gender, age and teaching qualification. The findings of this study proved that strategic thinking skills have been practiced among school teachers despite varying aspects of implementation. As such, it should be given due consideration by the stakeholders at the school management level to increase the mastery of strategic thinking skills towards improving teacher professionalism and school improvement.
Ali, H. M. (2012). The quest for strategic Malaysian Quality National Primary School Leaders. International Journal of Educational Management, 26 (1), 83 – 98.
Atan, A. M. (2013). Beban tugas guru dalam pelaksanaan Pentaksiran Berasaskan Sekolah (PBS) di kalangan guru-guru Sekolah Kebangsaan di daerah Muar. Unpublished project reports. Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.
Barrick, M. R., & Mount, M. K. (2005). Yes, personality matters: Moving on to more important matters. Human Performance, 18(4), 359-372.
Billingsley, B. S. (2007). Recognizing and supporting the critical roles of teachers in special education leadership. Exceptionality, 15, 163–176.
Bowring-Carr, C. (ed). School leadership in the 21st century: Developing a strategic approach. London: Routledge Falmer.
Caldwell, B. J., & Spinks, J. M. (1988). The self managing school. London: Falmer Press.
Chan, K., & Drasgow, F. (2001). Toward a theory of individual difference and leadership: Understanding the motivation to lead. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86, 481-498.
Davies, B. (2004). Developing the strategically focused school, School Leadership & Management, 24(1), 11–27.
Davies, B. (2006). Leading the strategically-focused School for success and sustainability. London: Sage.
Davies, B. J., & Davies, B. (2004). Strategic leadership, school leadership and management. Formerly School Organisation, 24(1), 29-38,
Davies, B. J., & Davies, B. (2005). Strategic dimensions of leadership. In Davies, B., Ellison, L., &
Eacott, S. (2006). Strategic leadership: An educational leader imperative. Perspectives on Educational Leadership, 16(6), 1-2. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/44901.
Fullan, M. (2007). The new meaning of educational change. New York: Teachers College Press.
Greenwood, J. Y. (2011). African American teacher leaders: Selections, supports, barriers. Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama. Retrieved from https://etd.auburn.edu/bitstream/.
Hamid, A. A., Ithnin, M. D., Ibrahim, K., Subrumaniam, I., & Osman, H. (2013). Hubungan burnout dengan demografi pemimpin sekolah di Malaysia. Proceeding of Nasional Pengurusan dan Kepimpinan Pendidikan Kali ke-20 on 2-4 Julai 2013.
Haycock, K., Cheadle, A., & Bluestone, K. S. (2012). Strategic thinking. Library Leadership & Management, 26(3), 1–23.
Heracleous, L. (1998). Strategic thinking or strategic planning. Long Range Planning, 31(3), 481-487.
Jamalizadeh, Z., Jamalizadeh, G., Ahmadi, S. A. A., & Amini, M. T. (2013). Assessment of strategic thinking in The Islamic Republic Of Iran, Hormozgan University Of Medical Sciences Based On Jane Liedtka Model. Journal of American Science, 9(2s), 113–117.
Jelenc, L., & Pisapia, J. (2015). Individual entrepreneurial behavior in Croatian IT firms: The contribution of strategic thinking skills. Journal of Information and Organizational Sciences, 39(2), 163–182.
Katzenmeyer, M., & Moller, G. (2009). Awakening the sleeping giant: Helping teacher develop as leaders (3rd ed.). CA: Corwin.
Kementerian Pelajaran Malaysia. (2012). Laporan awal pelan pembangunan pendidikan Malaysia 2013?2025. Putrajaya; Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia.
Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. (2013). Pelan Pembangunan Pendidikan Malaysia 2013 – 2025. Putrajaya; Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia.
Kho, F. C. Y., Yusof, H., & Mohamad, S. Y. S. (2016). Development and validation of the teacher leadership competency scale. Malaysian Journal of Learning and Instruction, 13(2), 43-69.
Kowalski, T. J. (2010). The school principal: Visionary leadership and competent management. NewYork & London: Routledge Taylor & Francis Group.
Mintzberg, H. (2000). The rise and fall of strategy planning. The Academy of Management Review, 72(1).
Pisapia, J., Ellington, L., Toussaint, G., & Morris, J.D. (2011). Strategic thinking skills: Validation and confirmation of constructs. http://fau.academia.edu/JohnPisapia/.
Pisapia, J., Pang, N.S-K., Hee, T. F., Lin, Y., & Morris, J. D. (2009). A comparison of the use of strategic thinking skills of aspiring school leaders in Hong Kong, Malaysia, Shanghai, and the United States: An exploratory study. International Education Studies, 2(2), 46-58.
Pisapia, J., Reyes-Guerra, D., & Coukos-Semmel, E. (2005). Leadership Review, 5, 41-68.
Sekaran, U., & Bougie, R. (2010). Research methods for business: A skill–building approach (5th ed). New York: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Sekaran, U. (2014). Research methods for business: A skill–building approach. Singapore: John Willey & Sons.
Sihes, A. J., & Shaari, M. Z. (2010). Kepuasan kerja di kalangan guru teknikal di empat buah sekolah menengah teknik sekitar Johor Bahru. Unpublished paperwork, Institutional Repository, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.
Weyhrauch, W. S. (2016). A mindset for strategic thinking developing a concept and measure. Kansas State University. Manhattan: Kansas.
Yukl, G. (2013). Leadership in organization. New Jersey: Prentice Hall
Zaccaro, S. J. (2007). Trait-based perspectives of leadership. American Psychologist, 62(1), 6-16.
In-Text Citation: (Mohamad & Twontawi, 2021)
To Cite this Article: Mohamad, M., & Twontawi, H. M. (2021). School Teachers’ Strategic Thinking Skills: Cross-Sectional Survey Based on Demographic Factors. International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development, 10(2), 530–541.
Copyright: © 2021 The Author(s)
Published by HRMARS (www.hrmars.com)
This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) license. Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article (for both commercial and non-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. The full terms of this license may be seen at: http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode