ISSN: 2226-6348
Open access
Premeditated throwing of acid on any body part of victim is known as acid attack. It is basically an ominous crime committed truly against women. It can result in number of clinical; Severe pain, permanent disfigurement, subsequent infections and blindness as well as psychological consequences. Current study was conducted to explore the clinical and psychological aspects of acid attack across the globe including Afghanistan. The fundamental aim of the study is to explore the consequences of acid attack which are a serious threat to entire societies and specifically to Afghanistan. The present study also critically overview the literature keeping in view the cases in Afghanistan. The literature provides figures that more than 70% of acid attacks are due to rejection in love/refusal to marry or for such personal causes.
Achenbach, T. M., & Rescorla, L. A. (2000). Manual for the ASEBA Preschool Forms &
Profiles. Burlington, VT: University of Vermont, Department of Psychiatry.
Achenbach, T. M., & Rescorla, L. A. (1991). Manual for Child Behavior Checklist/4-18
and 1991 Profile. Burlington, VT: University of Vermont, Department of Psychiatry.
American Psychiatric Association (1994). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th Ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
Anthony, J. C., & Helzer, J. E. (1991). Syndromes of drug abuse and dependence (pg. 116-154). In Robins, L.N. & Regier, D.A. (Eds.) Psychiatric Disorders in America: The Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study. The Free Press. New York.
Basile, K. C. (2002). Prevalence of wife rape and other intimate partner sexual coercion in a nationally representative sample of women. Violence and Victims. 17(5):511-524.
Bennice, J. A., Resick, P. A. (2003). Marital rape. History, Research, and Practice. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse. 4(3):228-246.
Bennice, J. A., Resick, P. A., Mechanic, M., Astin, M. (2003). The relative effects of intimate partner physical and sexual violence on post-traumatic stress disorder symptomatology. Violence and Victims, 18(1):87-94.
Bergen, R. K. (1996). Wife rape: Understanding the responses of survivors and service providers. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Breslau, N., Peterson, E. L., Kessler, R. C., & Schultz, L. R. (1999). Short screening scale for DSM-IV Posttraumatic stress disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry. 156:908-911.
Browne, A. (1993). Violence against women by male partners: Prevalence, outcomes, and policy implications. American Psychologis.t 48:1077-1087.
Campbell, J. (1986). Assessment of risk of homicide for battered women. Advances of Nursing Science. 8:36-51.
Campbell, J. (1989). Women’s responses to sexual abuse in intimate relationships. Health care for women international. 10:335-346.
Campbell, J. C., & Alford, P. (1989). The dark consequences of marital rape. American Journal of Nursing. 89:946-949.
Campbell, J. (1995). Assessing Dangerousness: Violence by Sexual Offenders, Batterers, and Child Abusers. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Campbell, J. C., & Soeken, K. (1999). Forced sex and Intimate Partner Violence: Effects on Women’s Risk and Women’s Health. Violence against women. 51(9);1017-1035.
Campbell, J. C., & Soeken, K. (1999b). Women’s responses to battering over time: Analysis of change. Journal of Interpersonal Violence. 14:21-40.
Campbell, J. C., Webster, D., Koziol-McLain, J., Block, C., Campbell, D., Curry, M., Gary, F., McFarlane, J., Sachs, C., Sharps, P., Ulrich, Y., Wilt, S., Manganello, J., Xu, X., Schollenberger, J., & Frye, V. (2003). Risk factors for femicide in abusive relationships: Results from a multi-site case control study. American Journal of Public Health. 93(7):1089-1097.
Campbell, R., Sullivan, C.M., & Davisdon, W.S. (1995). Depression in women who use domestic violence shelters: Changes in depression over time. Psychology of Women Quarterly. 19:237-255.
Coker, A. L., Smith, P. S., Betha, L., King, M. R., & McKeown, R. E. (2000). Physical health consequences of physical and psychological intimate partner violence. Archives of Family Medicine. 9:451-457.
Coker, A. L., Smith, P. S., Thompson, M. P., McKeown, R. E., Bethea, L., & Davis, K. E. (2002). Social support protects against the Negative Effects of Partner Violence on Mental Health. Journal of Women’s Health & Gender-Based Medicine. 11(5):465-476.
Curry, M. A. (1998). The interrelationship between abuse, substance use and psychosocial stress during pregnancy. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, and Neonatal Nursing, 27:692-699.
Davila, Y. R., & Brackley, M. H. (1999). Mexican and Mexican American women in a battered women’s shelter: Barriers to condom negotiation for HIV/AIDS prevention. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 20, 333-355.
Derogatis, L. R. (2001). Brief Symptom Inventory – 18. Administration, scoring and procedure manual. Minneapolis, MN: NCS Pearson, Inc.
Ehrensaft, M. K., Cohen, P., Brown, J., Smailes, E., Chen, H., & Johnson, J. G. (2003). Intergenerational transmission of partner violence: A 20-year prospective study. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology. 71(4):741-753.
Evins, G., & Chescheir, N. (1996). Prevalence of domestic violence among women seeking abortion services. Women’s Health Issues, 6(4):203-210.
Ullah, M. (2020). Women Empowerment and Social Development in Afghanistan through Micro Finance. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 10(12), 377–389.
In-Text Citation: (Zalmai & Amiri, 2021)
To Cite this Article: Zalmai, A. S., & Amiri, A. (2021). Acid Attack and its Clinical and Psychological Effect. International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development, 10(3), 11–19.
Copyright: © 2021 The Author(s)
Published by HRMARS (www.hrmars.com)
This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) license. Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article (for both commercial and non-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. The full terms of this license may be seen at: http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode