Journal Screenshot

International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development

Open Access Journal

ISSN: 2226-6348

Rethinking the Teaching Approaches of ESL/EFL Writing Skills

Siti Nur Laily Hussin, Azlina Abdul Aziz

http://dx.doi.org/10.6007/IJARPED/v11-i1/12174

Open access

English is among the international languages that is used in many domains across the globe. Mastering the language is essential to get better chances at being employed especially if one acquires excellent writing skills since the world has become so text-oriented. However, students’ performance is reported as low for English as second language (ESL) or English as foreign language (EFL) writing skills. There has been a long debate on which approach is the most ideal to teach writing skills to ESL/EFL students. So, this paper will explore the trend of approaches used in teaching writing skills to ESL/EFL students. First, it will describe the common approaches used (i.e. product-based, process-based, genre-based and multimodal approaches) and their strengths as well as weaknesses. This paper will then go on to attempt to account for the essential factors to be considered in teaching ESL/EFL writing for the lesson to be effective beyond just the approaches.

Alabere, R. A., & Shapii, A. (2019). The effects of process-genre approach on academic writing. JEES (Journal of English educators society), 4(2), 89. https://doi.org/10.21070/jees.v4i2.2598
Bazerman, C., Applebee, A. N., Berninger, V. W., Brandt, D., Graham, S., Matsuda, P. K., Murphy, S., Rowe, D. W., & Schleppegrell, M. (2017). Taking the long view on writing development. Research in the teaching of English, 51(3), 351–360.
Cazden, C., Cope, B., Fairclough, N., Gee, J., Kalantzis, M., Kress, G., ... & Nakata, M. (1996). A pedagogy of multiliteracies: Designing social futures. Harvard educational review, 66(1), 60-92.
Chandran, Y., Plaindaren, C. J., Pavadai, S., & Yunus, M. M. (2019). Collaborative Writing: An Integration of Snack Bars and Hi-Five Fingers via Social Media. Creative education, 10(02), 475–484. https://doi.org/10.4236/ce.2019.102034
Chen, C. W. yu. (2020). Composing print essays versus composing across modes: students’ multimodal choices and overall preferences. Literacy, 00(00), 1–14.
https://doi.org/10.1111/lit.12234
Cole, J., & Feng, J. (2015). Effective strategies for improving writing skills of elementary english language learners. Chinese american educational research and development association annual conference (pp. 1-25). Chicago. Chinese American Educational Research and Development Association.
Cope, B., and Kalantzis, M. (2009). A grammar of multimodality. International journal of learning, (16)2, 361-425.
Dirgeyasa, I. W. (2016). Genre-based approach: What and how to teach and to learn writing. English language teaching. https://doi.org/10.5539/elt.v9n9p45
Dzekoe, R. (2017). Computer-based multimodal composing activities, self-revision, and L2 acquisition through writing. Language learning and technology, 21(2), 73–95.
Graham, S. (2019). Changing how writing is taught. Review of research in education, 43(1), 277–303. https://doi.org/10.3102/0091732X18821125
Hyland, K. (2018). Genre and second language writing. In The TESOL encyclopedia of English language teaching (pp. 1–6). John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118784235.eelt0535
Jalaluddin, I. (2019). Process approach in teaching of esl writing: teacher’s assistance and its practicality in real classroom. Journal Of research, policy & practice of teachers & teacher education, 9(2), 66–78. https://doi.org/10.37134/jrpptte.vol9.no2.6.2019
Jiang, L. (2018). Digital multimodal composing and investment change in learners’ writing in English as a foreign language. Journal of second language writing, 40(July 2017), 60–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jslw.2018.03.002
Kress, G. (2009). Multimodality: A social semiotic approach to contemporary communication. Routledge.
Kroll, B. (Ed.). (1990). Second language writing: Research insights for the classroom. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Lotherington, H., & Jenson, J. (2011). Teaching multimodal and digital literacy in L2 settings: New literacies, new basics, new pedagogies. Annual review of applied linguistics, 31, 226–246. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0267190511000110
Mastan, M. E. B., Maarof, N., & Embi, M. A. (2017). The effect of writing strategy instruction on ESL intermediate proficiency learners’ writing performance. Journal of educational research and review, 5(5), 71-78.
Nash, B. (2018). Exploring multimodal writing in secondary English classrooms: a literature review. English teaching, 17(4), 342–356. https://doi.org/10.1108/ETPC-01-2018-0012
Palpanadan, S., Ismail, F., & Salam, A. R. (2015). Evaluating product writing approach in the context of Malaysian classrooms?: A conceptual paper. LSP international journal, 2(2), 1–6.
Prior, P. (2017). Setting a research agenda for lifespan writing development: the long view from where?, Research in the reaching of english, 52(2), pp. 211-219. Ranker,
Rashtchi, M., Porkar, R., & Saeed, S. F. G. M. (2019). Product-based , process-based, and genre-based instructions in expository writing: Focusing on EFL learners’ performance. European journal of education studies, 6(6), 115–136.
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3427842
Selvaraj, M., & Aziz, A. A. (2019). Systematic review: Approaches in teaching writing skill in ESL classrooms. International journal of academic research in progressive education and development, 8(4). https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarped/v8-i4/6564
Shin, D., Cimasko, T., & Yi, Y. (2020). Development of metalanguage for multimodal composing: A case study of an L2 writer’s design of multimedia texts. Journal of second language writing, 47, 100714. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jslw.2020.100714
Singh, C. K. S., Mohtar, T. M. T., Kepol, N., Abdullah, N. Y., Mat, M., Moneyam, S., Singh, T. S. M., Ong, E. T., Yunus, M. M., Ichsan, I. Z., & Rahmayanti, H. (2020). ESL teachers’ scaffolding strategies to teach writing. Universal Journal of educational research, 8(7), 3064–3076. https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2020.080735
Smith, B. E., Pacheco, M. B., & Khorosheva, M. (2020). Emergent bilingual students and digital multimodal composition: A systematic review of research in secondary classrooms. Reading research quarterly, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1002/rrq.298
Suryana, Y., & Iskandar, D. (2015). The use of process-product hybrid approach to improve students’ writing skills. Indonesian EFL journal. https://doi.org/10.25134/ieflj.v1i2.624
Syafi’i, A. (2017). The implementation of process genre based approach (PGBA) using cartoon movie (CARMOV) to improve students’ skill in writing narrative text. International seminar on language, education, and culture, October, 8–15.
Ugun, V., & Aziz, A. A. (2020). Systematic review?: Writing approaches in the teaching of writing skills. Definitions of writing strategies. 8(2), 69–88.
Williams, C., & Beam, S. (2018). Technology and writing: Review of research. Computers and education, 128, 227–242. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2018.09.024
Zhang, Y. (2018). Exploring EFL learners’ self-efficacy in academic writing based on process-genre approach. English language teaching, 11(6), 115.
https://doi.org/10.5539/elt.v11n6p115

In-Text Citation: (Hussin & Aziz, 2022)
To Cite this Article: Hussin, S. N. L., & Aziz, A. A. (2022). Rethinking the Teaching Approaches of ESL/EFL Writing Skills. International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development, 11(1), 1044–1054.