ISSN: 2226-6348
Open access
The worldwide happening authenticated that learning styles and holistic intelligence are powerful to better student achievement. This research intended to analyse the learning style instruments and holistic intelligence on the achievement of Form Six economics students. The researchers examined the learning styles (deep, surface, organised and hard work) and holistic intelligence (intellectual, emotional, physical and spiritual) incorporated 29 items. For this purpose, the researchers involved 145 Form Six students as respondents in this analysis. The researchers analysed the data descriptively and measured reliability with Cronbach’s Alpha employing Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA). EFA data established four factors for learning styles and intelligence constructs with Eigenvalues each exceeded 1.0. The learning style construct had a KMO (Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin) value of 0.891> 0.5, indicating its items were sufficient for inter-correlation and the Bartlett test was significant (Chi-Square 1715.530, p <0.05). The anti-image value (Measure of Sampling Adequacy - MSA) for item correlation exceeded 0.5 by eliminating ten items based on the lowest value in the anti-image correlation in the data cleaning process. Learning style factors accounted for 59 per cent of the overall variance. The holistic intelligence construct had a KMO value of 0.840> 0.5, the Bartlett test was significant (Chi-Square 2187.241, p <0.05), the anti-image value (Measure of Sampling Adequacy - MSA) for item correlation exceeded 0.5. The researchers eliminated three items with a communalities value of less than 0.3 and a load factor of less than 0.5. Four factors in this variable accounted for 55 per cent of the overall variance. The report concluded that the Cronbach’s Alpha values obtained were 0.86 for learning styles and 0.90 for holistic intelligence, respectively. The conclusions reported that the researchers appropriately used the items for the learning styles and holistic intelligence instruments and hence, confirmed them as relevant variables.
Ahmad, N. L., Yusof, R., & Ismail, R. (2017). Keberkesanan sistem pentaksiran baharu
STPM bagi mata pelajaran Perakaunan dari perspektif pelajar tingkatan enam. Jurnal Personalia Pelajar, 20 (2). pp. 37-48. ISSN 0128-2735
Ahmad, S., Safee, S., & Afthanorhan, W. M. A. W. (2014). Learning styles towards mathematics achievements among higher education students. Global Journal of Mathematical Analysis, 2(2), 50-57. https://doi.org/10.14419/GJMA.V2I2.2267
Asih, M., & Fatchan, A. (2015). Pengaruh kecerdasan intelektual, kecerdasan emosional, kecerdasan spiritual, dan kecerdasan sosial terhadap pemahaman Akuntansi: studi kasus mahasiswa program studi Akuntansi angkatan tahun 2011 di Universitas Sebelas Maret dan Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta. (Doctoral dissertation, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta).
Ayob, A. M. (2015). Kaedah penyelidikan sosioekonomi. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa Pustaka.
Azhari, A. M., Kamarulzaman, M. H., Faisal, R. A., Hazir, N. M., Esrati, M. Z., Lim, M. R., & Ishak, N. M. (2017). Tahap Kecergasan Fizikal di Kalangan Pelajar Pintar dan Berbakat. E-proceeding of the 6th Global Summit on Education, 187-197. E-ISBN 978-967-0792-22-4. 4th December 2017, Melia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Retrieved from https://worldconferences.net
Aziz, N. A., Meerah, T. S. M., Halim, L. I. L. I. A., & Osman, K. (2006). Hubungan antara motivasi, gaya pembelajaran dengan pencapaian Matematik Tambahan pelajar tingkatan 4. Jurnal Pendidikan, 31, 123 – 141.
Azrai, E. P., Ernawati, E., & Sulistianingrum, G. (2017). Pengaruh gaya belajar David Kolb (diverger, assimilator, converger, accommodator) terhadap hasil belajar siswa pada materi pencemaran lingkungan. Biosfer: Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi, 10(1), 9-16.
Babbie, E. (1992). The Practice of Social Research. California: Wardsworth Publishing Company.
Babbie, E. (2010). The Practices of social research. (ed. ke-12). California: Wardsworth Publishing.
Carmines, E. G., & Zeller, R. A. (1979). Reliability and validity assessment. in quantitative applications in the social science series newbury park. CA: Sage Publications.
Carter, P. (2009). Tes IQ dan tes keperibadian. Jakarta: PT Indeks.
Chandra, R., & Azimmudin, S. (2013). Influence of intelligence and gender on academic achievement of secondary school students of Lucknow City. IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science (IOSR-JHSS), 17(5), 09-14
Chen, U. R., Masek, A., & Amiruddin, M. H. (2014). Kajian gaya pembelajaran dan motivasi terhadap pencapaian pelajar diploma kejuruteraan di Politeknik. Fakulti Pendidikan Teknikal dan Vokasional Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia. Retrieved from http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/id/eprint/6734/1/Kajian_Gaya_Pembelajaran_Dan_Motivasi_Terhadap.pdf
Chua Y. P. (2009). Statistik Penyelidikan Lanjutan II: Ujian Regresi, Analisis Faktor dan Analisis SEM. Buku 5. Shah Alam: McGraw Hill (Malaysia) Sdn. Bhd.
Cimermanová, I. (2018). The effect of learning styles on academic achievement in different forms of teaching. International Journal of Instruction, 11(3), 219-232.
Coakes, S. J., Steed, L., & Ong, C. (2009). SPSS analysis without anguish version 16.0 for Windows. Australia: John Wiley & Sons.
Creswell, J. W. (2012). Educational Research Planning, Conducting and Evaluating Quantitative and Qualitative research (4th ed.). Pearson Education, Inc.
Esa, A., Yunus, J. M., & Kaprawi, N. (2005). Persepsi pensyarah terhadap penerapan kemahiran komunikasi menerusi kokurikulum di Politeknik. Jurnal Penyelidikan Pendidikan, (Jilid 7). Putrajaya: Bahagian Perancangan dan Penyelidikan Dasar Pendidikan Kementerian Pelajaran Malaysia.
Field, P. A. (2009). Discovering statistic using SPSS (Introducing statistical methods). (ed. ke-3). Singapura: SAGE Publication Asia Pasific.
Fletcher, G. F., Balady, G., Blair, S. N., Blumenthal, J., Caspersen, C., Chaitman, B., Pollock, M. L. (1996). Statement on exercise: Benefits and recommendation for physical activity programs for all american. Circulation, 94(4), 857-862.
Darusalam, G., & Hussin, S. (2018). Metodologi penyelidikan dalam pendidikan: amalan dan analisis kajian. Kuala Lumpur: Universiti Malaya Factor Analysis. Tutorials In Quantitative Methods for Psychology, 9(2), 79–94.
Goleman, D. (2000). Kecerdasan emosi untuk mencapai puncak prestasi. alih bahasa, Alex Tri Kantjono Widodo. Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
Goleman, D. (2009). Kecerdasan emosional: Mengapa EI lebih penting daripada IQ. Jakarta: PT. Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
Goleman, D. (2016). Emotional intelligence: Kecerdasan emosional mengapa ia lebih penting daripada IQ. Jakarta: Gramedia.
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., & Tatham R. L. (2010). Multivariate data analysis. (ed. ke-7). New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall.
Hair, J. F. J., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2014). Multivariate Data Analysis (Edisi ke-7). Edinburgh Gate: Pearson Education Limited.
Hassan, S. H., & Azali, S. F. M. (2018). Hubungan faktor sikap, minat, kaedah pembelajaran, persekitaran dan pengajaran pensyarah terhadap pencapaian pelajar kursus Prinsip Pemasaran (Dpm1013) di Polimas. Journal of Technical and Vocational Education, 3.
Hidayah, N. F., Amelia, F., & Hermansah, H. (2018). Kontribusi Kecerdasan Emosional Terhadap Komunikasi Interpersonal dalam Pembelajaran Matematika. Pythagoras: Journal of the Mathematics Education Study Program, 7(1), 28-34. https://doi.org/10.33373/pythagoras.v7i1.1192
Ismail, R., Yunus, J. N., & Kamis, H. (2014). Analisis data kuantitatif. Kuala Lumpur: Kaisar Media Kreatif.
Jaafar, W. M. S. (2018). Faktor penyumbang terhadap pencapaian akademik pelajar-pelajar sekolah menengah. (Doctoral dissertation, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris).
Jamian, N. F. M. (2012). Kecenderungan gaya pembelajaran Model Dunn dan Dunn dan Model Honey dan Mumford di kalangan pelajar Ijazah Sarjana Muda FPTP di UTHM (Doctoral dissertation, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia).
Jamil, N. A. (2018). Skpmg2 Standard 4 Modul 1: Pelaksanaan pembelajaran dan pemudahcaraan (PdPc)e-bimbingan dan pementoran. Pejabat Pendidikan Daerah Seremban. Negeri Sembilan: Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia.
Jelas, Z. M., Salleh, A., Azman, N., Jani, R., Hamzah, R., Mahmud, I., & Hutkemari, H. (2014). Perbezaan gender dalam sokongan pembelajaran dan pencapaian akademik: peranan perantara keterlibatan murid di sekolah. Malaysian Journal of Learning and Instruction, 11(1), 237-262.
Kamalanathan, P. (2015). Pusat tingkatan enam ubah persepsi pelajar. BH Online (2015, Julai 9). Retrieved from https://www.bharian.com.my/kolumnis/2015/07/66781/pusat-tingkatan-enam-ubah-persepsi-pelajar
Kannan, B., & Visuvarasam, A. (2017). Hubungan komitmen dan emosi dengan pencapaian akademik pelajar ambilan khas Januari 2012 di IPG kampus Ipoh. Jurnal Penyelidikan Dedikasi, 13, 96-116. Retrieved from file:///c:/users/user/downloads/72-222-1-pb.pdf
Khanal, L., Giri, J., Shah, S., Koirala, S., & Rimal, J. (2021). Influence of learning-style preferences in academic performance in the subject of human anatomy: An institution-based study among preclinical medical students. Advances in Medical Education and Practice, 2019 (10), 343–355.
Ministry of Education Malaysia. (2012). Laporan awal Pelan Pembangunan Pendidikan Malaysia 2013-2025. Putrajaya: Pengarang. Diperoleh daripada https://www.moe.gov.my/muat-turun/penerbitan-dan-jurnal/1821-l-a-pelan-pembangunan-pendidikan-2013-2025/file
Ministry of Education Malaysia. (2012). Maklumat asas pendidikan (MAP): Portal Sistem Maklumat Pengurusan Pendidikan. Retrieved from http://www.apps.moe. gov.my/emis/emis2/emisportal2/
Ministry of Education Malaysia. (2013). Pelan Pembangunan Pendidikan Malaysia2013-2025. (Pendidikan Prasekolah hingga Lepas Menengah). Putrajaya: Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. Retrieved from https://www.moe.gov.my/menumedia/media-cetak/penerbitan/1813-pppm-2013-2025/file
Ministry of Education Malaysia. (2016). Garis panduan pengurusan tingkatan enam (Gppt6). Putrajaya: Pengarang.
Ministry of Education Malaysia. (2016). Laporan Tahunan 2015 Pelan Pembangunan Pendidikan Malaysia 2013-2025.
Malaysian Examinations Council. (2012). Sistem pentaksiran baharu STP. Retrieved from http://www.mpm.edu.my
Mardiana, L. A. (2018). Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi motivasi belajar dalam upaya meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran Ekonomi di Sma Purnama 2 Kota Jambi. Scientific Journals of Economic Education, 2(2), 46-56. ISSN: 2597-8853.
Mitrofan, N., & Cioricaru, M. F. (2014). Emotional intelligence and school performance-correlational study. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 127, 76775.
Syukri, M. S., Farahein, N., & Samat, N. (2019). Penggunaan analisis faktor bagi menentukan faktor pendorong kemiskinan isi rumah di wilayah utara semenanjung Malaysia. Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, e-BANGI, 16(6), 1-18.
Konting, M. M. (2005). Kaedah Penyelidikan Pendidikan. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
Rayung, M. N., Ambotang, A. S., & Abdullah, M. Y. (2019). Pengaruh kecerdasan holistik terhadap kemenjadian pelajar tingkatan enam di Sabah. Jurnal Kesidang, 3(1), 9-22.
Mohamad, M. Z. (2012). Gaya pembelajaran yang dominan dalam kalangan pelajar di Institut Kemahiran MARA Johor Bahru (Doctoral dissertation, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia).
Nasiri, Z., Gharekhani, S., & Ghasempour, M. (2016). Relationship between learning style and academic status of babol dental students. Electronic Physician, 8(5), 2340–2345.
Nasution, M. Z. (2019). Penerapan principal component analysis (pca) dalam penentuan faktor dominan yang mempengaruhi prestasi belajar siswa. (Studi Kasus: SMK Raksana 2 Medan). Jurnal Teknologi Informasi, 3(1), 41-48.
Nggermanto, A. (2015). Kecerdasan quantum: Melejitkan IQ, EQ, Dan SQ. Bandung: Nuansa Cendikia.
Nunnally, J. C. (1978). Psychometric Theory. (2nd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
Nunnally, J. C., & Bernstein, I. H. (1994). Psychometric Theory (ed. ke-3). New York: Mcgraw-Hill.
Razali, M. S. M., & Raop, N. A. (2019). Mengenal pasti faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pencapaian akademik pelajar Sarjana Muda Psikologi, Kolej Universiti Islam Melaka (KUIM). Jurnal Sains Sosial: Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences, 3(1), 77-87.
Razali, S. N. A. M., Sufahani, S. F., & Arbin, N. (2015). Pencapaian kursus Matematik dan Statistik di kalangan pelajar Uthm: Faktor mempengaruhi dan teknik pengajaran dan pembelajaran yang lebih diminati. Journal of Techno-Social, 7(2). Retrieved from https://publisher.uthm.edu.my/ojs/index.php/jts/article/view/1208/824
Ridzuan, R. Q. (2015). Analisis hubungan antara gaya pembelajaran dan kemahiran berfikir aras tinggi dengan pencapaian Matematik murid tingkatan satu. (Doctoral dissertation, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris).
Said, A. N., & Rahmawati, D. (2018). Pengaruh kecerdasan intelektual,kecerdasan emosional dan kecerdasan spiritual terhadap sikap etis mahasiswa akuntansi. (studi empiris pada mahasiswa prodi akuntansi Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta). Nominal: Barometer Riset Akuntansi dan Manajemen, 7(1), 21-32. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.21831/nominal.v7i1.19357
Salovey, P., & Mayer, J. D. (1990). Emotional intelligence. imagination, cognition and
personality. University Of New Hampshire: Baywood Publish Inc. 185-211. doi:10.1.1.385.4383
Schnell, C., & Loerwald, D. (2019). Interest as an influencing factor on student achievement in economics evidence from a study in secondary schools in Germany. ScienceDirect International Review of Economics Education, 30 (2019), 100130. Retrieved from www.elsevier.com/locate/iree
Sekaran, U. (2003). Research Methods for Business A Skill-Building Approach. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Selmes I. P. (1987). Improving study skills: Changing perspective in education. Great Britain: Hodder and Stoughton.
Sufriadi, H. (2016). Pengaruh keluarga dalam meningkatkan kecerdasan emosi dan pencapaian akademik dalam kalangan pelajar madrasah di Aceh. (Doctoral dissertation, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris).
Sulastyaningrum, R., Martono, T., & Wahyono, B. (2019). Pengaruh kecerdasan intelektual, kecerdasan emosional, dan kecerdasan spiritual terhadap prestasi belajar mata pelajaran ekonomi pada peserta didik kelas XI IPS di SMA Negeri 1 Bulu Tahun Ajaran 2017/2018. Jurnal Pendidikan Bisnis dan Ekonomi, 4(2).
Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2007). Using multivariate statistics (ed. ke-5). Allyn & Bacon/Pearson Education.
Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2014). Using Multivariate Statistics (Edisi ke-7). Boston: MA Pearson.
Tarigan, Y., & Sari, P. I. (2019). Pengaruh kebiasaan belajar dan fasilitas belajar terhadap hasil belajar ekonomi di kelas X Ips Sma Pgri 2 Kota Jambi. SJEE: Scientific Journals of Economic Education, 3(1), 99-109. ISSN 2597-8853.
Villagonzalo, R. R. (2016). Intelligence quotient, emotional quotient, spiritual quotient, and adversity quotient® and the academic performance of students. (Degree thesis). Mindanau: St. Alexius College City of Koronadal.
Yong, A. G., & Pearce, S. (2013). A Beginner’s Guide to Factor Analysis: Focusing on Explotary
Yuliana, G. S., & Latrini, M. Y. (2016). Pengaruh kecerdasan emosional, kecerdasan spiritual, kecerdasan intelektual dan independensi pada kinerja auditor. E-Jurnal Akuntansi Universitas Udayana, 16(2), 1034-1062.
Yusuf, S. (2009). Psikologi perkembangan anak dan remaja. Jakarta: PT. Remaja Rosdakarya.
Yusof, Y. M., & Zakaria, E. (2018, November). Hubungan antara gaya pembelajaran dengan pencapaian matematik pelajar sekolah rendah. In Kertas kerja yang dibentangkan di Seminar Kebangsaan Majlis Dekan Pendidikan Universiti Awam, 2018. E-ISBN 978-967-2231-03-5 (2018), Retrieved from http: //www.unisza.edu.my/medc2018
Zohar, D., & Marshall, I. (2000). Spiritual intelligence, The ultimate intelligence. London: Bloomsburry.
In-Text Citation: (Abdullah et al., 2022)
To Cite this Article: Abdullah, I. F., Ismail, R., & Yin, K. Y. (2022). Validation of Learning Style Instruments and Holistic Intelligence on Achievement of Form Six Economics Students: Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA). International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development, 11(2), 474–493.
Copyright: © 2022 The Author(s)
Published by HRMARS (www.hrmars.com)
This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) license. Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article (for both commercial and non-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. The full terms of this license may be seen at: http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode