Journal Screenshot

International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development

Open Access Journal

ISSN: 2226-6348

A QEEG Study on the Usage of Yellow Overlays for Reading among Autism Spectrum Disorder Children with Irlen Syndrome Symptoms

Noor Syuhada Abdul Hakim, Nurul Hanim Nasaruddin

http://dx.doi.org/10.6007/IJARPED/v11-i2/13257

Open access

This research was carried out in order to compare the difference of brainwaves with and without using yellow overlays when reading among ASD children with the symptoms of Irlen Syndrome. The population from this research consists of sixteen children with chronological ages between six to fourteen years old from Kota Samarahan and Kuching, Sarawak. Quasi-experiments one group pre-test and post-test design was applied in this research. The participants completed the reading task using yellow and without yellow overlays. Subsequently, the QEEG was used to record and analyses the electrical activity in the Region of Interest (frontal and temporal). The analysis results on the paired sample t-test indicated the significant differences for beta brainwaves at frontal t (15) = -2.791, p = 0.014, and temporal area t (15) = -2.218, p = 0.042 while using yellow overlays. However, only the frontal area found significant differences for the alpha brainwaves when using yellow overlays t (15) = -2.428, p = 0.028. Apparently, the results of this research show that yellow overlays can help improve reading achievements and produce extra attention when reading more than without using yellow overlays among ASD children with the Irlen Syndrome symptoms.

Azouz, H. G., Khalil, M., & Abdeldayem, S. H. (2018). Quantitative electroencephalographic changes in children with autism spectrum disorders. Alexandria Journal of Pediatrics, 31(3), 97-105.
Berger, M., Gray, J. A., & Roth, B. L. (2009). The Expanded Biology of Serotonin. Annual review of medicine, 60, 355-366.
Brien, J., De Ionno, M., & Thomas, G. (2013). Understanding Irlen Syndrome. Australasian Association of Irlen Consultants Inc. 1-16.
http://www.aaic.org.au/images/books/Understanding_Irlen_Syndrome_Booklet.pdf.
Cardinal, D.N., Griffin, J.R., & Christenson, G.N. (1993). Do Tinted Lenses Really Help Students with Reading Disabilities? Intervention in School and Clinic, 28(5), 275-279.
Cerrato, H. (2012). The Meaning of Colors. 1-31.
http://blocs.xtec.cat/gemmasalvia1617/files/2017/02/the-meaning-of-colors-book.pdf.
Chabot, R. J., Coben, R., Hirshberg, L., & Cantor, D. S. (2015). QEEG and VARETA based Neurophysiological Indices of Brain Dysfunction in Attention Deficit and Autistic Spectrum Disorder, Austin Journal of Autism & Related Disabilities, 1(2), 1-9.
Chung, C. (2019). Hannah Yeoh hopes ministries will collaborate to provide autism support. The Star. https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2019/04/02/hannah-yeoh-hopes-ministries-will-collaborate-to-provide-autism-support.
Coakes, S. J. (2012). SPSS Version 20 for Windows: Analysis without Anguish. John Wiley & Sons.
Fauzan, N., & Amran, N. H. (2015). Brain Waves and Connectivity of Autism Spectrum Disorders. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Science, 171, 882 – 890. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/275531489_Brain_Waves_and_Connectivity_of_Autism_Spectrum_Disorders.
Fauzan, N., & Zani, M. N. (2017). Technical Report from EEG Training Room, Reconstructive & Rehabilitation Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science. Unpublished report, University Malaysia Sarawak, Malaysia.
Fauzan, N., & Yang, J. (2018). The Effect of Blue and Yellow Colour Overlay on Reading among Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). Jour of Adv Research in Dynamical & Control Systems, 10 (6), 315-319.
Giuliani, F., & Schwarz, K. (2017). Connections between Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) and Meares-Meares-Irlen Syndrome. Autism Open Access, 7(4), 1-3.
https://serval.unil.ch/resource/serval:BIB_7D08FF3A36B6.P001/REF.
Harries, P., Hall, R., Ray, N., & Stein, J. (2015). Using coloured filters to reduce the symptoms of visual stress in children with reading delay. Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy, 22(2), 153-160.
Irlen, H., & Lass, M. J. (1989). Improving Reading Problems Due to Symptoms of Scotopic Sensitivity Syndrome Using Irlen Lenses and Overlays. Education, 109(4), 413-417.
Irlen Institute. (2021). Irlen Self-Tests. https://irlen.com/get-tested/.
Irlen Institute. (2017). Irlen Syndrome: What Everyone Needs to Know. https://irlen.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/IRLEN_adultsAndEducators_presentation_nodates.pdf.
Kim, J. H., Seo, H. J., Ha, S. G., & Kim, S. H. (2015). Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings in Meares-Irlen Syndrome: A Pilot Sudy. Korean J Ophthalmol, 29(2), 121-125.
Kumar, S., Sterkenburg, J., Diekfuss, J., & Jeon, M. (2013). Color effects on students' emotions and task performance in a web-based learning management system. Proceedings of the International Conference on Multimedia and Human-Computer Interaction Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/258884762_Color_effects_on_students'_emotions_and_task_performance_in_a_web-based_learning_management_system.
Lim, J. M. (2015). Living with Autism in Malaysia, Policy IDEAS, No. 21, 1-19. https://nokuadesign.com/ideas/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/PI-No-21-IDEAS_autism.pdf.
Ludlow, A. K., Taylor-Whiffen, E., & Wilkins, A. J. (2012). Coloured Filters Enhance the Visual Perception of Social Cues in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders. ISRN Neurology, 1-6.
Omar, S., & Bidin, A. (2015). The Impact of Multimedia Graphic and Text with Autistic Learners in Reading. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 3(12), 989-996.
Ray, N. J., Fowler, S., & Stein, J. F. (2005). Yellow Filters Can Improve Magnocellular Function: Motion Sensitivity, Convergence, Accommodation, and Reading. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1039 (1), 283-293.
Zukiwski, K. (2021). Neurofeedback, Neuromodulation and Biofeedback in Alberta and British Columbia: Quantitative EEG Brain mapping.
http://www.drzukiwski.com/brainmapping/.

In-Text Citation: (Abdul Hakim & Nasaruddin, 2022)
To Cite this Article: Abdul Hakim, N. S., & Nasaruddin, N. H. (2022). A Qeeg Study on the Usage of Yellow Overlays for Reading among Autism Spectrum Disorder Children with Irlen Syndrome Symptoms. International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development. 11(2), 802 – 811.