The Impact of the Positive Reinforcement Process and Participatory Leadership Style on Teacher Productivity in Qatari Schools

Wick, A. D. (2013). 4 Rules of Positive Reinforcement.
http://strategicdiscipline.positioningsystems.com/bid/94227/4-Rules-of-Positive-Reinforcement
Abu Al-Kishk, M. (2006). Contemporary school administration. Amman: Jarir Publishing and Distribution House.
Abuhassna, H., & Awae, F. (2021). The Effect of Employing Animated Films in Teaching Arabic as a Foreign Language (AFL) to Non-Native Speakers in Thailand Schools. Innovative Teaching and Learning Journal, 5(2), 1–10. Retrieved from
https://itlj.utm.my/index.php/itlj/article/view/65
Abuhassna, H., & Yahaya, N. (2018). Students’ utilization of distance learning through an interventional online module based on Moore transactional distance theory. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 14(7), 3043–3052. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejmste/91606.
Abuhassna, H., Al-Rahmi, W.M., Yahya, N. et al. (2020b). Development of a new model on utilizing online learning platforms to improve students’ academic achievements and satisfaction. Int J Educ Technol High Educ 17, 38. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-020-00216-z
Abuhassna, H., Awae, F., Alsharif, A. H., Yahaya, N., & Alnawajha, S. (2022a). Understanding Online Learning Engagement and Challenges during COVID19: Qualitative Evidenc. International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development, 11(1), 651–661.
Abuhassna, H., Awae, F., Zitawi, D. U. D., Al, Bayoumi, K., & Alsharif, A. H. (2022b). Hybrid Learning for Practical-based Courses in Higher Education Organizations: A Bibliometric Analysis. International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development, 11(1), 1055–1064.
Abuhassna, H., Megat, A., Yahaya, N., Azlina, M., & Al-rahmi, W. M. (2020a). Examining Students' satisfaction and learning autonomy through web-based courses. International Journal of Advanced Trends in Computer Science and Engineering, 1(9), 356–370. https://doi.org/10.30534/ijatcse/2020/53912020.
Abu-Shawish, R. K. (2016). Perceptions of schoolteachers’ involvement in educational decision-Making in the State of Qatar.?
Ackerman, C. (2019). What is self-regulation? (+ 95 skills and strategies). Positive Psychology Program.
Al Nuaimi, S., Chowdhury, H., Eleftheriou, K., & Katsioloudes, M. I. (2015). Participative decision-making and job satisfaction for teachers in the UAE. International Journal of Educational Management.?
Alsharif, A. H., Salleh, N. Z. M., & Baharun, R. (2021b). Neuromarketing: Marketing research in the new millennium. Neuroscience Research Notes, 4(3), 27-35. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31117/neuroscirn.v4i3.79
Alsharif, A. H., Salleh, N. Z. M., Baharun, R., & Alharthi, R. H. E. (2021e). Neuromarketing research in the last five years: a bibliometric analysis. Cogent Business & Management, 8(1), 1978620. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2021.1978620
Alsharif, A. H., Salleh, N. Z. M., Baharun, R., Alsharif, Y. H., & Abuhassna, H. (2021g). A bibliometric analysis of neuromarketing: Current status, development, and future directions. International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting Finance and Management Sciences, 11(3), 670-689. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.6007/ijarafms/v11-i3/11673
Alsharif, A. H., Salleh, N. Z. M., Baharun, R., Abuhassna, H., & Alsharif, Y. H. (2022). Neuromarketing in Malaysia: Challenges, limitations, and solutions. International Conference on Decision Aid Sciences and Applications (DASA), 2022, Chiangrai, Thailand. 740-745. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1109/dasa54658.2022.9765010
Alsharif, A. H., Salleh, N. Z. M., Baharun, R., Abuhassna, H., & Hashem, A. R. E. (2022). A global research trends of neuromarketing: 2015-2020. Revista de Comunicación, 21(1), 15-32. DOI:https://doi.org/10.26441/rc21.1-2022-a1
Al-Aboudi is light. (2007-2008) Psychological stress and its relationship to job satisfaction.
Al-Atari, A. (1989). Role perceptions and role performance of instructional supervisors as perceived by teachers and supervisors in the public schools of Qatar (Doctoral dissertation, Durham University).
Al-Sada, M., Al-Esmael, B., & Faisal, M. N. (2017). Influence of organizational culture and leadership style on employee satisfaction, commitment and motivation in the educational sector in Qatar. EuroMed Journal of Business.?
Artis, B. K. (2012). The impact of positive reinforcement strategies on increased job performance in a Virginia University facilities management department.
Belyh, A. (2019). Participative Leadership Guide: Definition, Qualities, Pros & Cons, Examples.
Carlos-Guzmán, J. (2021). Contributions of Best Practices in Teaching to Improving Higher Education Instruction. Education Policy Analysis Archives, 29.
Chaaban, Y., & Du, X. (2017). Novice teachers' job satisfaction and coping strategies: Overcoming contextual challenges at Qatari government schools. Teaching and Teacher Education, 67, 340-350.?
Cherry, K. (2006). Leadership styles. Retrieved from.
Chi Keung, C. (2008). The Effect of Shared Decision-Making on the Improvement in Teachers' Job Development. New horizons in Education, 56(3), 31-46.
Chrispeels, J. (2004). Learning to lead together: the promise and challenge of sharing leadership. California: Sage Publications.
Cofer, C. N., & Appley, M. H. (1964). Motivation: Theory and research. John Willy.
Da?l?, A., & Akyol, Z. (2019). The relationship between favoritism behaviours of secondary school administrators and organizational commitment of the teachers. Journal of Education and Training Studies, 7(7), 35-49.
Day, C., Sammons, P., & Gorgen, K. (2020). Successful School Leadership. Education development trust.
De Wever, B., Vanderlinde, R., Tuytens, M., & Aelterman, A. (2016). Professional learning in education: challenges for teacher educators, teachers, and student teachers. Academia Press.
Demirkasimoglu, N. (2014). Teachers' Psychological Contract Perceptions and Person-Environment Fit Levels. Eurasian journal of educational research, 56, 45-68.
El-Emadi, A. A., Said, Z., & Friesen, H. L. (2019). Teaching style differences between male and female science teachers in qatari schools: Possible impact on student achievement. EURASIA Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 15(12), em1800.
Eyal, O., & Roth, G. (2011). Principals' leadership and teachers' motivation: Self?determination theory analysis. Journal of educational administration.
Gordan, M., & Amutan, K. I. (2014). A Review of BF Skinners Reinforcement Theory of Motivation. International Journal of Research in Education Methodology, 5(3), 680-688.
Gress, D. H. (1974). Participatory leadership: leadership characteristics of secondary school principals and their relationship to perceived subordinate participation in the decision-making process, Iowa State Repository [Access: 2018.08. 28].
Hendawi, M. (2020). Work Stress-Related Problems in Teachers of Social Studies in Government Schools in Qatar. International Journal of Education and Practice, 8(3), 468-484.
Hodges, T. (2021). Why appreciating teachers is more important than you think. Gallup.com. Retrieved March 19, 2022, from https://news.gallup.com/opinion/gallup/210041/why-appreciating-teachers-important-think.aspx.
Karkouti, I. M. (2016). Qatar's Educational System in the Technology-Driven Era: Long Story Short. International Journal of Higher Education, 5(3), 182-189.?
Laila Gabriel. (2021). Research on Maslow's hierarchy and motivation. https://www.mlzamty.com/maslow-pyramid-motivation/
Liman, B., & Tepeli, K. (2019). A study on the effects of self-regulation skills education program on self-regulation skills of six-year-old children. Educational Research and Reviews, 14(18), 647-654.
Lonczak. S. H. (2021). Positive Reinforcement in the Workplace (90+ Examples & Reward Ideas) https://positivepsychology.com/positive-reinforcement-workplace/
Lyons, S. D., & Berge, Z. L. (2012). Social learning theory. UMBC Faculty Collection.
Maghari, Tayseer. (2009). The prevailing leadership style in the directorates of education in Gaza governorate and its relationship to educational decision-making from the point of view of its employees. Master Thesis. Al-Azhar University in Gaza. Palestine.
MCCLYMONT G. (2020). 10 Good Reasons Why Teacher Performance Pay Is Ineffective.
Miao, Q., Newman, A., & Huang, X. (2014). The impact of participative leadership on job performance and organizational citizenship behavior: Distinguishing between the mediating effects of affective and cognitive trust. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 25(20), 2796-2810.
Mineo, D. L. (2014). The importance of trust in leadership. Research Management Review, 20(1), n1. ??
Molm, L. D., Takahashi, N., & Peterson, G. (2000). Risk and trust in social exchange: An experimental test of a classical proposition. American Journal of Sociology, 105(5), 1396-1427.
Morris, J. E., Lummis, G. W., Lock, G., Ferguson, C., Hill, S., & Nykiel, A. (2020). The role of leadership in establishing a positive staff culture in a secondary school. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 48(5), 802-820.
Mulford, B. (2003). School leaders: Changing roles and impact on teacher and school effectiveness (pp. 1-58). Education and Training Policy Division, Oecd.
Nasser, F. M. A. (2019). The Application Degree of Participative School Leaderships at Al-Ihsa Governorate and Its Correlation with Teachers' Professional Development. International Education Studies, 12(12), 101-112.?
OECD. (2009). Teaching practices, teachers’ beliefs and attitudes. Creating Effective Teaching and Learning Environments: First Results from TALIS (Electronic Materials), 92-120.
Organizational Behavior. (2019, June 5). OpenStax Resource. Retrieved January 6, 2022, from https://openstax.org/details/books/organizational-behavior
Peña-López, I. (2009). Creating effective teaching and learning environments: First results from TALIS.
Peters, R. S. (2015). The concept of motivation. Routledge.
Pont, B., Moorman, H., & Nusche, D. (2008). Improving school leadership (Vol. 1, pp. 1-199). Paris: OECD.
Ramay, M. I. (2010). Influence of leadership behavior and participatory decision making on the employees' organizational commitment (Doctoral dissertation, UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY TAXILA).
Rebecca. M. (2012). Positive Reinforcement in the Workplace, https://trainingindustry.com/articles/leadership/positive-reinforcement-in-the-workplace/ ?
Safrizal, H. B. A., Eliyana, A., Firdaus, M., & Rachmawati, P. D. (2020). The Effect of Participatory Leadership on Performance through Psychological Empowerment and Trust-in-Supervisors. Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy, 11(11), 1234-1246.
Sanders, T. E. (1908). Twenty Talks to Teachers. The Teachers Co-Operative Company.
Sarafidou, J. O., & Chatziioannidis, G. (2013). Teacher participation in decision making and its impact on school and teachers. International Journal of Educational Management.
Sawalhi, R. (2019). Teacher Leadership in Government Schools in Qatar: Opportunities and Challenges (Doctoral dissertation, University of Warwick).?
Sawalhi, R., & Sellami, A. (2021). Factors influencing teacher leadership: voices of public-school teachers in Qatar. International Journal of Leadership in Education, 1-18.?
Somech, A., & Wenderow, M. (2006). The impact of participative and directive leadership on teachers' performance: The intervening effects of job structuring, decision domain, and leader-member exchange. Educational Administration Quarterly, 42(5), 746-772
Soupir-Fremstad, J. S. (2013). The expectancy theory: Teachers' perspectives of motivation and compensation. The University of North Dakota.
Suarez, L. M. (2012). Influence of technology on the leadership of 21st-century career and technical education administrators. Fordham University.
Sylos-Labini, P. (1983). Factors affecting changes in productivity. Journal of Post Keynesian Economics, 6(2), 161-179. ?
Tasha, G. H. (2013). Requirements for the application of electronic management in the Ministry of Education in the State of Kuwait from the point of view of employees. Journal of the College of Education, p. 37, vol. 1, pp. 398-418.
Xu, J., & Qiu, X. (2021). The Influence of Self-Regulation on Learner’s Behavioral Intention to Reuse E-Learning Systems: A Moderated Mediation Model. Frontiers in Psychology, 12.
Nassani, Y., (2020). Expectation theory and its impact on motivation at work
Yaman, K., & Kondakci, Y. (2020). Organizational change in schools. ECNU Review of Education, 2096531120932177.

In-Text Citation: (Alsheeb et al., 2022)
To Cite this Article: Alsheeb, M. E. H., Awae, F., Nasir, B. B. M., ALqelan, M. A. R., & Abuhassna, H. (2022). The Impact of the Positive Reinforcement Process and Participatory Leadership Style on Teacher Productivity in Qatari Schools. International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development. 11(2), 1335 - 1355.

Copyright: © 2022 The Author(s)
Published by HRMARS (www.hrmars.com)
This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) license. Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article (for both commercial and non-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. The full terms of this license may be seen at: http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode