The usage of digital tools and applications is a crucial component of delivering lesson content and evaluating students' learning, online formative assessments demand that teachers be tech-savvy. In this study, an instrument to measure teachers' digital skills was examined to analyze the implementation of the national primary school online formative assessment in Seremban. A survey method with quantitative approach was imply in this study. Nineteen ICT Skills items from previous studies have been adapted and modified and one question is constructed by the researchers themselves according to the context of the online formative assessment. Twenty of the items were verified by experts and a pilot study was then conducted with 100 teachers selected at random. The result revealed three dimensions i.e., component 1, Use of Digital Applications in Teaching Learning and Assessment, component 2 as Online Teaching and Learning Activities and component 3 as Digital Tool and Application Usage Skills have been formed using Exploration Factor Analysis (EFA), and internal reliability has been achieved for all three dimensions. The results offer a trustworthy source of information to researchers and professional practitioners of educational policies for the next study in the policy implementation of online formative assessment.
Abdullah, N., Yusuf, N. A. N., Noh, N. M., & Zabit, M. N. M. (2017). Pembinaan perisian interaktif untuk menerapkan kemahiran proses sains dalam mata pelajaran sains sekolah rendah. Jurnal Pendidikan Sains dan Matematik Malaysia, 7(1), 76–92. doi:10.37134/jsspj.vol7.no1.7.2017
Awang, Z. (2012). Research methodology and data analysis. Shah Alam: Universiti Teknologi MARA Press.
Awang, Z., Lim, S. H., & Awang, N. F. (2018). Pendekatan mudah SEM. Selangor: MPWS Rich Resources.
Bahkia, A. S., Awang, Z., Afthanorhan, A., Ghazali, P. L., Foziah, H. (2019). Exploratory factor analysis on occupational stress in context of Malaysian sewerage operations. AIP Conference Proceedings, 2138, 050006. doi:10.1063/1.5121111
Cakiroglu, U., Guven, O., & Saylan, E. (2020). Flipping the experimentation process: influences on science process skills. Educational Technology Research and Development, 68(6), 3425–3448. doi:10.1007/s11423-020-09830-0
Chien, C. F., Chen, G. Y. H., & Liao, C. J. (2019). Designing a connectivist flipped classroom platform using unified modeling language. International Journal of Online Pedagogy and Course Design, 9(1), 1–18. doi:10.4018/IJOPCD.2019010101
Cooper, D. R., & Schindler, P. S. (2003). Business research methods (8th ed.). Boston: McGraw-Hill Irwin.
Department of Education Negeri Sembilan (2022). Data guru. Retrieved from https://jpnns.moe.gov.my/tu-statistik/modul-pengurusan-murid-mpm
Economic Planning Unit. (2021). Rancangan Malaysia Kedua Belas 2021-2025. Retrieved from https://rmke12.epu.gov.my/bm/dokumen/rmke-12
Hashim, N. A., & Shaari, N. D. (2020). Malaysian teachers’ perception and challenges towards the implementation of flipped learning approach. Asian People Journal (APJ), 3(2), 62–76. doi:10.37231/apj.2020.3.2.196
Hoque, A. S. M. M., Siddiqui, B. A., Awang, Z. B., & Baharu, S. M. A. T. (2018). Exploratory factor analysis of entrepreneurial orientation in the context of Bangladesh Small and Medium Enterprises (SMES). European Journal of Management and Marketing Studies, 3(2), 81–94. doi:10.46827/ejmms.v0i0.384
Ministry of Education. (2019). Panduan pelaksanaan pentaksiran bilik darjah (2nd ed.). Putrajaya: Ministry of Education.
Mustafa, N. N. M., Sinau, M. T., & Basinau, A. J. (2021). Pengajaran dan pemudahcaraan secara maya – pelaksanaan melalui sistem pengurusan pembelajaran. International Conference on Business Studies and Education (ICBE), 64–71. Retrieved from https://www.icbe.my/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/NURUN-NAJWA-BINTI-MOHAMMAD-MUSTAFA-8-1.pdf
Pettersson, F. (2018). On the issues of digital competence in educational contexts – a review of literature. Education and Information Technologies, 23(3), 1005–1021. doi:10.1007/s10639-017-9649-3
Sidin, M. M., Alias, M. F., & Tahir, N. I. (2020). Kesediaan pengetahuan revolusi industri 4.0 dalam kalangan pensyarah Politeknik Kota Kinabalu. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/343470488
Spante, M., Hashemi, S. S., Lundin, M., & Algers, A. (2018). Digital competence and digital literacy in higher education research: Systematic review of concept use. Cogent Education, 5(1), 1–21. doi:10.1080/2331186X.2018.1519143
Spielberger, C. D., & Gorsuch, R. L. (1983). Manual for the State-trait anxiety inventory (form Y) (“self-evaluation questionnaire”). Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.
Tondeur, J., Aesaert, K., Pynoo, B., van Braak, J., Fraeyman, N., & Erstad, O. (2017). Developing a validated instrument to measure preservice teachers’ ICT competencies: Meeting the demands of the 21st century. British Journal of Educational Technology, 48(2), 462–472. doi:10.1111/bjet.12380
Yusoff, A. S. M., & Ali, A. H. (2018). Model penerimaan digital dalam kalangan digital acceptance model among teachers in Malaysia. International Journal of Education, Psychology and Counseling, 3(8), 65–77. Retrieved from
http://www.ijepc.com/PDF/IJEPC-2018-08-03-06.pdf
Zikmund, W. G. (2000). Business research methods (6th ed.). Fort Worth: Dryden Press.
In-Text Citation: (Ismawi et al., 2023)
To Cite this Article: Ismawi, N., Razali, F., Sulaiman, T., Quah, W. B., & Jani, W. N. F. A. (2023). Determining and Developing Teachers’ Digital Skills Construct Instruments in the Context of Online Formative Assessment. International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development, 12(1), 424–431.
Copyright: © 2023 The Author(s)
Published by Human Resource Management Academic Research Society (www.hrmars.com)
This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) license. Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article (for both commercial and non-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. The full terms of this license may be seen at: http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode
