ISSN: 2226-6348
Open access
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused accounting education to drastically change the teaching and learning methods from the traditional method to the Open and Distance Learning (ODL) method. The switch between the teaching and learning processes of the ODL method has created a problem regarding the effectiveness of the ODL, especially during this COVID-19. Thus, this study is conducted to identify the factors that have an impact on the effectiveness of ODL to ensure the process of ODL is going effectively and efficiently. At the same time the aims of this study are to enhance the stakeholders of higher education institutions in managing the ODL process and make effective decisions towards the effective teaching and learning process. Therefore, two variables are being analyzed, which are the hardware and software provision and interaction. A quantitative approach was used, and data were collected through an online survey using a Google Form. The respondents are full time students enrolled in undergraduate accounting course from Universiti Teknologi Mara (UiTM) located in Malaysia and the sample size is 375 students. The IBM SPSS version 27 and Partial least squares regression (PLS regression) which is WarpPLS version 7.0 was used to analyze the data. The results show that the provision of hardware and software, as well as their interaction, had a significant positive impact on the effectiveness of ODL during COVID-19. Further investigation showed that the hardware and software provision and interaction are the main determinant on the effectiveness of ODL. The findings of this study have significant value for higher education institutions, faculties, lecturers, and students. Future research could be applied to the others higher education institution using the qualitative approach and focuses on the other variables.
Amin, A. (2018). Improving effectiveness of open and distance learning. 5.
Bahasoan, A., Ayuandiani, W., Mukhram, M., & & Rahmat, A. (2020). Effectiveness of Online Learning In Pandemic Covid-19. . International Journal Of Science, Technology & Management,, 100-106.
Downes, S. (2005). An introduction to connective knowledge.
Dzakiria, H. (2012). Illuminating the Importance of Learning Interaction to Open Distance Learning (ODL) Success: A Qualitative Perspectives of Adult Learners in Perlis, Malaysia. European Journal of Open, Distance and E-learning.
Dzakiria, H., Idrus, R. M., & Atan, H. (2005). Interaction in open distance learning: Research issues in Malaysia. Malaysian Journal of Distance Education, 7(2), 63-77.
Dzakiria, H., Kasim, A., Mohamed, A. H., & Christopher, A. A. (2013). Effective learning interaction as a prerequisite to successful open distance learning (ODL): A case study of learners in the northern state of Kedah and Perlis, Malaysia. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education, 14(1), 111-125.
Evans, T. (1995). Globalisation, post?Fordism and open and distance education. 16 No 2, 256-269. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0158791950160207
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of marketing research, 18(1), 39-50.
Ghosh, S., Nath, J., Agarwal, S., & Nath, A. (2012). Open and distance learning (odl) education system: Past, present and future – a systematic study of an alternative education system. Journal of Global Research in Computer Science, 3, No. 4, 53-57.
Goldie, J. G. S. (2016). Connectivism: A knowledge learning theory for the digital age? Medical teacher, 38(10), 1064-1069.
Gorsuch, R. L. (1974). factor analysis. Philadelphia:Saunders.
Gunawardena, C. N., &, & McIsaac, M. S. (2013). Distance education. In Handbook of research on educational communications and technology 361-401. Routledge.
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., & Tatham, R. L. (2010). Multivariate data analysis. edition 7.
Jung, I., &, & Latchem, C. (2007). Assuring quality in Asian open and distance learning. Open Learning. The Journal of Open, Distance and e-Learning, 22(3), 235-250.
Kaur, N., Dwivedi, D., Arora, J., & Gandhi, A. (2020). Study of the effectiveness of e-learning to conventional teaching in medical undergraduates amid COVID-19 pandemic. National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 10, 563-567.
Krasnova, H., Hildebrand, T., Gunther, O., Kovrigin, A., & Nowobilska, A. (2008). Why Participate in an Online Social Network: An Empirical Analysis.
Lee, Y.-C. (2008). The role of perceived resources in online learning adoption. Computers & Education, 50(4), 1423-1438.
Loo, C. H. (2015). The evolution of distance learning and its contribution to the accounting profession in Malaysia: A historical perspective.
Mathew, V. N., & Chung, E. (2020). University Students' Perspectives on Open and Distance Learning (ODL) Implementation Amidst COVID-19. Asian Journal of University Education, 16(4), 152-160.
Musa, A. H., Rosle, A. N., Baharuddin, F. N., & Ibrahim, S. S. (2020). The Effectiveness of Online Distance Learning (ODL) Approach in University: A Respond of Covid-19 Pandemic Crisis. Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 10(9), 1069-1076.
Nunnally, J. C. (1978). Psychometric Theory, 2d ed., New York: McGraw-Hill. .
Otukile, O. (2011). Challenges faced by learners in the transition from traditional classroom education to ODL: A Case of JC and BGCSE Learners at BOCODOL. International Journal of Open and Distance Learning, 4, 61-70.
Piccoli, G., Ahmad, R., & Ives, B. (2001). Web-Based Virtual Learning Environments: A Research Framework and a Preliminary Assessment of Effectiveness in Basic IT Skills Training. MIS Quarterly Article, 25, 401-426.
Sekaran, U. (2003). Research methods for business. A skill-building approach . New York: Jolm Wiley and Sons.
Siemens, G. (2005). Connectivism: A Learning Theory for the Digital Age. International Journal of Instructional Technology and Distance Learning. 2: 1–9.
Tabachnick, B. G., Fidell, L. S., & Ullman, J. B. (2007). Using multivariate statistics. 5, 481-498 Boston, MA: pearson.
Tsai, C.-L., Cho, M.-H., Marra, R., & Shen, D. (2020). The Self-Efficacy Questionnaire for Online Learning (SeQoL). Distance education,. 1-17.
doi:doi:DOI:10.1080/01587919.2020.182160
UNESCO. (2002). ODL: Trends, Policy and Strategy Consideration. Paris, UNESCO.
Urbach, N., & Ahlemann, F. (2010). Structural equation modeling in information systems research using partial least squares. Journal of Information technology theory and application, 11(2), 5-40.
Van Den Berg, G. (2020). Context matters: Student experiences of interaction in open distance learning. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education, 21(4), 223-236.
In-Text Citation: (Suhaimin et al., 2023)
To Cite this Article: Suhaimin, S., Hamzah, N. H., Hasan, H., Ahmad, M. A. N., & Jamaluddin, J. (2023). The Determinants of the Effectiveness of Open and Distance Learning (ODL) during the COVID -19. International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development, 12(1), 613–622.
Copyright: © 2023 The Author(s)
Published by Human Resource Management Academic Research Society (www.hrmars.com)
This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) license. Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article (for both commercial and non-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. The full terms of this license may be seen at: http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode