Journal Screenshot

International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development

Open Access Journal

ISSN: 2226-6348

Extensive Reading and its Impact on Malaysian Undergraduate ESL/EFL Learners’ Reading Proficiency and Reading Motivation

Wan Ker-hsin, Abu Bakar Razali

http://dx.doi.org/10.6007/IJARPED/v12-i1/16450

Open access

English language reading skills are important for tertiary students. In Malaysia, tertiary students are required to master the English academic reading for their tertiary studies. However, Malaysian tertiary students’ reading proficiency in English is often found below par, which is attributed to poor reading skills and habits, as well as a lack of motivation to read. The authors believe that extensive reading (ER) should be used to complement intensive reading practiced in tertiary education reading. It is important to learn from past studies the potentials as well as problems with ER, so that teachers and researchers alike can better approach the use of ER in the teaching of English as a second language (ESL) reading. This article reports on the systematic literature review of 32 studies on ER programmes, particularly on its impact on ESL students’ reading proficiency and reading motivation, that were published between 2003 and 2019 and obtained through established research databases. The results of the review found that there are positive impacts of ER on ESL reading, particularly on reading rate and reading comprehension, vocabulary knowledge, and reading motivation, as well as the importance of goal setting and monitoring to ensure the success of ER in ESL reading. The authors suggest implications for teacher practitioners, future researchers and course developers to plan how ER would be a valuable addition to their respective programmes and also provide them with ideas in designing their own unique ER programmes to cater to their students’ needs.

Alsaif, A., & Masrai, A. (2019). Extensive reading and incidental vocabulary acquisition: The case of a predominant language classroom input. International Journal of Education and Literacy Studies, 7(2), 39-45.
Applegate, A. J., & Applegate, M. D. (2004). The Peter Effect: Reading habits and attitudes of preservice teachers. The Reading Teacher, 57(6), 554-563.
Asraf, R. M., & Ahmad, I. S. (2003) Promoting English language development and the reading habit among students in rural schools through the Guided Extensive Reading program. Reading in a Foreign Language, 15(2), 83-102.
Azmuddin, R. A., Ali, A. Z. M., Ngah, E., Ali, Z., & Ruslim, N. M. (2019). Extensive reading project using graded readers in a university classroom. International Journal of Language Education and Applied Linguistics, 9(2), 95-104.
Bautista, D., & Marulanda, M. (2018). Free voluntary reading: Promoting vocabulary learning and self-directedness. English Language Teaching, 11(8), 51-64.
Boutorwick, T. J., Macalister, J., & Elgort, I. (2019). Two approaches to extensive reading and their effects on L2 vocabulary development. Reading in a Foreign Language, 31(2), 150-172.
Carrell, P. L., & Carson, J. G. (1997). Extensive and intensive reading in an EAP setting. English for Specific Purposes, 16(1), 47-60.
Cha, J. (2009). The effects of extensive reading on enhancing vocational high school students’ L2 vocabulary and reading rates. English Teaching, 64(3), 3-30.
Chang, A. C. S., & Renandya, W. A. (2017). Current practice of extensive reading in Asia: Teachers’ perception. The Reading Matrix, 17(1), 40-58.
Chien, C-K. C., & Yu, K-J. (2015). Applying extensive reading to improve unmotivated learners’ attitudes toward reading in English. International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research, 13(2), 1-25.
Chiu, H. (2015). Supporting ER in a university where English is used as a second language and a medium of instruction. Reading Matrix: An International Online Journal, 15(1), 234-251.
Day, R. R., & Bamford, J. (1998). Extensive reading in the second language classroom. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Day, R., & Bamford, J. (2000). Reaching reluctant readers. English Teaching Forum, 38 (3), 12-17.
Day, R., & Bamford, J. (2002) Top ten principles of teaching extensive reading. Reading in a Foreign Language, 14(2), 136-141.
Fatimah, H., & Vishalache, B. (2006). Language Immersion for Language Proficiency ESL Learners: The Alemac Project. Reading Matrix, 6(2), 170-185.
Foyewa, R. A. (2015). English: The international language of science and technology. International Journal of English Language and Linguistics Research, 3(5), 34-41.
Hagley, E. (2017). Extensive graded reading with engineering students: Effects and outcomes. Reading in a Foreign Language, 29(2), 203-217.
Huang, Y.C. (2015). Why don’t they do it? A study on the implementation of extensive reading in Taiwan. Cogent Education, 2. Retrieved from http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/2331186X.2015.1099187
Inderjit, S. (2014). Reading trends and improving reading skills among students in Malaysia. International Journal of Research in Social Sciences, 3(5), 70-81.
Judge, P. B. (2011). Driven to read: Enthusiastic readers in a Japanese high school’s extensive reading program. Reading in a Foreign Language, 23(2), 161–186.
Kirsch, I.S., & Guthrie, J.T. (1984). Adult reading practices for work and leisure. Adult Education Quarterly, 34, 213-232.
Krashen, S. (2004). Applying the comprehension hypothesis: Some suggestions. Paper presented at the 13th International Symposium and Book Fair on Language Teaching (English Teachers Association of the Republic of China), Taipei, Taiwan.
Kreft, A., & Viebrock, B. (2014). To read or not to read: does a suitcase full of books do the trick in the English language classroom? CLELEjournal, 2(1), 72-91.
Liu, J., & Zhang, J. (2018). The effects of extensive reading on English vocabulary learning: A meta-analysis. English Language Teaching, 11(6), 1-15.
McLean, S., & Rouault, G. (2017). The effectiveness and efficiency of extensive reading at developing reading rates. System, 70, 92-106.
McQuillan, J. (2019). Where do we get our academic vocabulary? Comparing the efficiency of direct instruction and free voluntary reading. The Reading Matrix, 19(1), 129-138.
Mullai, R. (2001). Literacy: State of the art at the tertiary level. Journal of Modern Languages, 13(1), 93-105.
Musa, N. C., Koo, Y. L., & Azman, H. (2012). Exploring English language learning and teaching in Malaysia. GEMA Online Journal of Language Studies, 12(1), 35-51.
Nambiar, R. M. K. (2007). Enhancing academic literacy among tertiary learners: a Malaysian experience. 3L: The Southeast Asian Journal of English Language Studies, 13, 77-94.
Nhapulo, M. A., Simon, E., & Van Herreweghe, M. (2017). Enhancing academic reading skills through extensive reading. Southern African Linguistics and Applied Language Studies, 31(1), 17-40.
Nishino, T. (2007). Beginning to read extensively: A case study with Mako and Fumi. Reading in a Foreign Language, 19(2), 76–105.
Palincsar, A. S., & Brown, A.L. (1984). Reciprocal teaching of comprehension-monitoring activities. Cognition and Instruction, 1(2), 117-175.
Renandya, W. A. (2007). The power of extensive reading. RELC Journal, 38(2), 133-149.
Ro, E. (2013). A case study of extensive reading with an unmotivated L2 reader. Reading in a Foreign Language, 25(2), 213–233. Retrieved from flrc.lll.hawaii.edu/rfl/October2013/articles/ro.pdf
Ro, E. (2016). Exploring teachers’ practices and students’ perceptions of the extensive reading approach in EAP reading classes. Journal of English for Academic Purposes, 22, 32-41.
Robb, T., & Kano, M. (2013). Effective extensive reading outside the classroom: A large-scale experiment. Reading in a Foreign Language, 25(2), 234-247.
Sidek, H.M. (2011). Methods of EFL secondary reading instruction: Preparation for higher education. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 1(3), 181-191.
Sheu, S. P-H. (2003). Extensive reading with EFL learners at beginning level. TESL Reporter 36(2), 8-26.
Shih, Y. C. (2015). The impact of extensive reading on college business majors in Taiwan. The Reading Matrix, 15(1), 220-233.
Shih, Y.C., Chern, C. l., & Reynolds, B. L. (2018). Bringing extensive reading and reading strategies into the Taiwanese junior college classroom. Reading in a Foreign Language, 30(1), 130–151.
Suk, N. (2016). The effects of extensive reading on reading comprehension, reading rate, and vocabulary acquisition. Reading Research Quarterly, 52(1), 73-89.
Tabata-Sandom, M., & Macalister, J. (2009). That “Eureka Feeling”: A case study of extensive reading in Japanese. New Zealand Studies in Applied Linguistics, 15(2), 41-60.
Takase, A. (2007). Japanese high school students’ motivation for extensive L2 reading. Reading in a Foreign Language, 19(1), 1–18.
Tan, D. A. L., & Kasuma, S. A. A. (2019). Reading and vocabulary knowledge development: Sustained Independent Reading (SIR) among Malaysian tertiary students. Pertanika, J. Soc. Sci. & Hum. 27(1), 83 – 89.
Tan, D., Pandian, A., & Jaganathan, P. (2018). READ+ vs. READ: Investigating extensive reading and vocabulary knowledge development among Malaysian remedial ESL learners. The Journal of Asia TEFL, 15(2), 349-364.
Tanaka, H., & Stapleton, P. (2007). Increasing reading input in Japanese high school EFL classrooms: An empirical study exploring the efficacy of extensive reading. The Reading Matrix, 7(1), 115-131.
Tanaka, M. (2015). Exploring motivational changes for short in-class extensive reading. The Journal of Asia TEFL, 12(4), 61-91.
Tanaka, M. (2017). Factors affecting motivation for short in-class extensive reading. The Journal of Asia TEFL, 14(1), 98-113.
Tien, C. Y. (2015). A large-scale study on extensive reading program for non-English majors: Factors and attitudes. International Journal of Applied Linguistics & English Literature, 4(4), 46-54.
Tran, T. N. Y. (2018). The benefits of extensive reading for Vietnamese EFL learners. Extensive Reading World Congress Proceedings, 64-72.
van Amelsvoort, M. (2016). Extensive reading onboarding: Challenges and responses in an optimal program. Juntendo Journal of Global Studies, 1, 95-106.
Waring, R. (2011). Extensive reading in English Teaching. In H. Widodo, & A. Cirocki (Eds.) Innovation and creativity in ELT methodology (pp. 69-80) New York: Nova Publishers.
Zin, Z. M., Wong, B. E., & Rafik-Galea, S. (2014). Critical reading ability and its relation to L2 proficiency of Malaysian ESL learners. 3L: The Southeast Asian Journal of English Language Studies, 20(2), 43 – 54.

In-Text Citation: (Ker-hsin & Razali, 2023)
To Cite this Article: Ker-hsin, W., & Razali, A. B. (2023). Extensive Reading and its Impact on Malaysian Undergraduate ESL/EFL Learners’ Reading Proficiency and Reading Motivation. International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development, 12(1), 1402 – 1416.