Journal Screenshot

International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development

Open Access Journal

ISSN: 2226-6348

How Teachers’ Teaching Experience Improves Preschoolers’ Writing Skills: Approach and Assessment

Fong Jia Yean, Izawati Ngadni, Nuzha Mohamed Taha, N Sundari Subasini

http://dx.doi.org/10.6007/IJARPED/v12-i2/16669

Open access

Writing skill is an important area of communication and fine motor development in kindergarten (Keifer, 2015). The purpose of this study is to identify the best approaches used by experienced teachers in improving preschoolers' writing skills. Previous studies on children’s early writing skills were done the effectiveness of self-regulated learning strategies on early writing performance and it doesn’t focus on the experience of anyone. Therefore, the current study is focused on how the experience of teachers helps preschoolers to improve their writing skills. Moreover, this research also identifies how teachers assess preschoolers’ writing skills. Six experienced preschool teachers were interviewed in this research and an online observation was conducted. Few approaches used by experienced teachers in improving preschoolers writing skills were identified in this research including learning through play; verbal encouragement; parental guidance; and in-line writing. Two methods of assessment that were used by the teachers in assessing children’s writing are via observation and using the checklist.

Alahmad, M. (2020). Strengths and Weaknesses of Cognitive Theory. doi:10.33258/birci.v3i3.1088
Andersson, S., Sandberg, G., & Garpelin, A. (2019). To teach writing: Teachers’ perspectives on how to promote children’s writing development in the Swedish preschool class. Nordic Journal of Literacy Research, 23-38.
Aram, D., & Levin, I. (2002). Mother-child joint writing and storybook reading: Relations with literacy among low SES kindergarteners. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 48, 202–224
Banerjee, R. (2016). "Checklists and Rating Scales". In The SAGE Encyclopedia of Contemporary Early Childhood Education. Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publication. Retrieved from https://sk.sagepub.com/Reference/the-sage-encyclopedia-of-contemporary-early-childhood-education/i2319.xml
Bates, A. (2015). 2.4 Cognitivism. Retrieved from Teaching in a Digital Age: https://opentextbc.ca/teachinginadigitalage/chapter/3-3-cognitivism/.
Bhandari, P. (2020). What Is Qualitative Research? | Methods & Examples. Scibbr. https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/qualitative-research/
Bowen, G. (2009). Document Analysis as a Qualitative Research Method. Qualitative Research Journal, 27-40. doi:10.3316/QRJ0902027
Byington, T. A., & Kim, Y. (2017). Promoting Preschoolers’ Emergent Writing NAEYC. Young Children, 72. Retrieved from https://www.naeyc.org/resources/pubs/yc/nov2017/emergent-writing
Cabell, S. Q., Totorelli, L. S., & Gerde, H. (2013). How Do I Write…? Scaffolding Preschoolers' Early Writing Skills. Retrieved from Reading Rockets: https://www.readingrockets.org/article/how-do-i-write-scaffolding-preschoolers-early-writing-skills
Chin, P. H. (2017). Developing Preschool Children's Writing Skills using Writer's Workshop. Constructivism as a Paradigm for Teaching and Learning. (n.d.). Retrieved from Thirteen.org: https://www.thirteen.org/edonline/concept2class/constructivism/
Dagar, V., & Yadav, A. (2016). Constructivism: A Paradigm for Teaching and Learning. Art and Social Science Journal.
Erisen, Y., Sahim, M., & Cellikoz, N. (2016). Cognitive Learning Theories. In Learning And teaching: Theories, Approaches and Models. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/304176971_COGNITIVE_LEARNING_THEORIES
Ertmer, P. A., & Newby, T. J. (2013). Behaviorism, cognitivism, constructivism: Comparing critical features from an instructional design perspective. Performance Improvement Quarterly, 26(2), 43-71.
Gerde, H. K., Bingham, G. E., & Pendergast, M. L. (2015). Reliability and validity of the Writing Resources and Interactions in Teaching Environments (WRITE) for preschool classrooms. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 31, 34–46.
Graham, L. J., White, S. L., Cologon, K., & Pianta, R. C. (2020). Do teachers’ years of experience make a difference in the quality of teaching? Teaching and Teacher Education 96. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2020.103190
Hall, A. H. (2019). Every Child is a Writer: Understanding the Importance.
Hedges, H., & Cooper, M. (2018). Relational play-based pedagogy: theorising a core practice in early childhood education. Teachers and Teaching, 24(4), 369–383. https://doi.org/10.1080/13540602.2018.1430564
Hudson, M. (2017). Preschool Teachers Play Important Role in Children’s Growth. Teams of Tomorrow. https://teamsoftomorrow.com/preschool-teachers-play-important-role-childrens-growth/
Keifer, J. J. (2015). Handwriting and Fine Motor Skill Development in the Kindergarten Classroom. Retrieved from https://repository.tcu.edu/bitstream/handle/116099117/8329/Keifer_tcu_0229M_10583.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. (2017). Dokumen Standard Kurikulum dan Pentaksiran Semakan 2017. Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia.
Kini, T., & Podolsky, A. (2016). Does Teaching Experience Increase Teacher Effectiveness? A Review of the Research. Washington: Learning Policy Institute.
PELAN PEMULIHAN NEGARA - FASA 1 - Laman Web MKN. (2021). Laman Web MKN. https://www.mkn.gov.my/web/ms/pelan-pemulihan-negara-fasa-1/
SOP PKPD - Laman Web MKN. (2021). Laman Web MKN. https://www.mkn.gov.my/web/ms/sop-pkpd/
SOP PKP (Sektor Pendidikan) -Laman Web MOE. (2021). Laman Web MOE. https://www.moe.gov.my/muat-turun/lain-lain/4354-kpm-sop-pkp-sektor-pendidikan-kemaskini-31-mei-2021/file
McLeod, S. (2019). Constructivism as a theory for teaching and learning. Retrieved from Simply Psychology: https://www.simplypsychology.org/constructivism.html#:~:text=Constructivism%20is%20'an%20approach%20to,al.%2C%202000%2C%20p.
Mcleod, S. (2020). Piaget’s Theory and Stages of Cognitive Development. Simply Psychology. https://www.simplypsychology.org/piaget.html
Rhalmi, M. (2011). Description Of Cognitivism. My English Pages. https://www.myenglishpages.com/blog/description-of-cognitivism/
NAEYC. (2020). DAP: Observing, Documenting and Assessing Children's Development and Learning. Retrieved from NAEYC: https://www.naeyc.org/resources/position-statements/dap/assessing-development
Neumann, M. M., & Neumann, D. L. (2010). Parental strategies to scaffold emergent writing skills in the preschool child within the home environment. Early Years: An International Journal of Research and Development, 30,79 –94.
Neumann, M. M., Finger, G., & Neumann, D. L. (2017). A conceptual framework for emergent digital literacy. Early Childhood Education Journal, 45, 471–479
Nye, J. A., & Sood, D. (2018). Teachers’ Perceptions of Needs and Supports for Handwriting. The Open Journal of Occupational Therapy, 6(2). doi:10.15453/2168-6408.1411
Puranik, C. S., Phillips, B. M., Lonigan, C. J., & Gibson, E. M. (2018). Home literacy practices and preschool children’s emergent writing skills: An initial investigation. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 42, 228–238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2017.10.004
Schachter, R. E., Spear, C. F., Piasta, S. B., Justice, M. M., & Logan, J. A. (2016). Early childhood educators' knowledge, beliefs, education, experiences, and children's language- and literacy-learning opportunities: What is the connection? Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 36, 281-294. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2016.01.008
Siew, S. K., & Nor, M. (2019). Supporting Preschool Children’s Early Writing with Self-Regulated Learning Strategies. Asia-Pacific Journal of Research in Early Childhood Education, 13(2), 69–93. https://doi.org/10.17206/apjrece.2019.13.2.69
Starman, A. B. (2013). The case study as a type of qualitative research. Journal of Contemporar Educational Studies, 28-43. Retrieved from
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/265682891_The_case_study_as_a_type_of_qualitative_research
Stutzel, M. (2019). Impact of Parental Involvement on Literacy Skills in Early Childhood. Master's Theses & Capstone Projects. Retrieved from https://nwcommons.nwciowa.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1157&context=education_masters
Zhang, C., & Quinn, M. F. (2020). Preschool Children's Interest in Early Writing Activities and Perceptions of Writing Experience. The Elementary School Journal, 52-73. Retrieved from https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/pdf/10.1086/709979

In-Text Citation: (Yean et al., 2023)
To Cite this Article: Yean, F. J., Ngadni, I., Taha, N. M., & Subasini, N. S. (2023). How Teachers’ Teaching Experience Improves Preschoolers’ Writing Skills: Approach and Assessment. International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development, 12(2), 304–325.