ISSN: 2226-6348
Open access
The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) had wreaked havoc during the end of 2019 and its lasting effect is felt to this day. One of those effects is the implementation of Home-Based Teaching and Learning (PdPR) in Malaysia, throughout an extensive period during the pandemic. Although PdPR certainly brought a lot of benefits, there were complications that arose, particularly concerning teachers. Thus, this qualitative research aims to study the challenges that teachers face in implementing PdPR or remote Teaching and Learning (T&L). Three English as a Second Language (ESL) teachers employed in different Malaysian schools were interviewed in order to gain multiple perspectives concerning the issue. It was found that the problems faced by teachers were poor internet access, lack of electronic devices, constant absence of students, failure to communicate bilaterally with students, difficulty in evaluating students, insufficient time, unfavourable working environments, and negative emotions. This research is hoped to highlight unfavourable aspects of remote T&L to enable these issues to be addressed and improved. Admittedly, face-to-face schooling has resumed but in future, the educational landscape may require online T&L again. Therefore, it is crucial that previous problems are eradicated to ensure future endeavours are eased.
Abdullah, N. M. S. A. N., Ali, R., Yahya, N. N., & Isa, R. A. M. (2021). Cabaran Guru Dalam Pengajaran Digital Secara Maya Dan Kesediaan Murid Pasca Covid-19. Sains Insani, 6(2), 206-213.
Adziz, A. C. A., & Ismail, A. (2023). Corak Penggunaan Platform Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran di Institusi Pondok di Kedah. Malaysian Journal of Communication, 39(2), 248-268.
Anamalai, T. R., & Yatim, M. H. M. (2021). A Preliminary Observation of Teacher Challenges in Implementing Home-Based Teaching and Learning. Journal of ICT in Education, 8(4), 55-63. https://doi.org/10.37134/jictie.vol8.sp.2.6.2021
An, B. G., Abdullah, M. N. S., & Chua, K. H. (2023). Chemistry Teacher Reflections of Online Teaching Platforms in Malaysia Secondary Schools during COVID-19 Crisis. Chem. Educ,100(9), 3220-3227.
Arnold, S. (2019). Student E-Presentations in Remote Learning Environments. In S. Carliner (Ed.), Proceedings of E-Learn: World Conference on E-Learning in Corporate, Government, Healthcare, and Higher Education (pp. 1-7). Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education (AACE).
https://www.learntechlib.org/primary/p/212785/.
Asadullah, M. N. (2022). Home schooling during the COVID-19 pandemic: An assessment of Malaysia's PdPR Program. (Asian Development Bank Institute Working Paper, No. 1318). https://www.adb.org/publications/home-schooling-during-the-covid-19-pandemic-an-assessment-of-malaysia-s-pd-pr-program
Bashir, A., Bashir, S., Rana, K., Lambert, P., & and Vernallis, A. (2021). Post-COVID-19 Adaptations; the Shifts Towards Online Learning, Hybrid Course Delivery and the Implications for Biosciences Courses in the Higher Education Setting. Frontiers in Education, 6. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2021.711619
Baxter, G., & Hainey, T. (2023). Remote learning in the context of COVID-19: reviewing the effectiveness of synchronous online delivery. Journal of Research in Innovative Teaching & Learning, 16(1), 67-81. https://doi.org/10.1108/JRIT-12-2021-0086
Billett, P., Turner, K., & Li, X. (2023). Australian teacher stress, well-being, self-efficacy, and safety during the COVID-19 pandemic. Psychology in the Schools, 60, 1394-1414. https://doi.org/10.1002/pits.22713
Cheng, L. M., & Nasri, N. M. (2022). Cabaran Guru Sekolah Rendah Pedalaman Terhadap Penggunaan Standard 4 (PdPC) SKPMg2 Dalam Menilai PdPR. Jurnal Dunia Pendidikan, 3(4), 364-373. http://myjms.mohe.gov.my/index.php/jdpd
Chiang, F.-K., Zhu, D., & Yu, W. (2022). A systematic review of academic dishonesty in online learning environments. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 38(4), 907-928. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcal.12656
Cobo-Rendón, R., Bruna, J. C., Lobos, K., Cisternas, S. M. N., & Guzman, E. (2022). Return to University Classrooms With Blended Learning: A Possible Post-pandemic COVID-19 Scenario. Frontiers in Education, 7. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2022.957175
Creswell, J. W. (2012). Educational Research: Planning, Conducting, and Evaluating Quantitative and Qualitative Research. Pearson Education, Inc.
Drever, E. 1995. Using Semi-structured Interviews in Small-scale Research: A Teacher's Guide. Scottish Council For Research In Education.
Hamzah I. N. S., Mahamod, Z., Magesvaran, U., Mahad, I., & Sapian, N. A. (2021). Kesan Pelaksanaan Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran di Rumah (PdPr) kepada Guru Bahasa Melayu sepanjang Perintah Kawalan Pergerakan. International Journal of Modern Education, 3(11), 24-41. https://doi.org/10.35631/IJMOE.311002
Hassan, S., & Ibrahim, R. I. (2021). Cabaran Pendekatan Pdpr Secara Online Bagi Guru-Guru Sekolah Menengah Di Daerah Kota Bharu. International Journal of Education, Islamic Studies and Social Sciences Research (IJEISR), 6(1), 61-70.
Hayati, S., Armansah, Y., & Ismail, S. F. A. (2021). Teachers Experiences on Blended Learning: a Case Study of a Group of Secondary School Teachers in Malaysia and Indonesia. Jurnal Kependidikan: Jurnal Hasil Penelitian dan Kajian Kepustakaan di Bidang Pendidikan, Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran, 7(4), 767-777.
https://doi.org/10.33394/jk.v7i4.4102
Hodges, C. B., Moore, S., Lockee, B. B., Trust, T., & Bond, M. A. (2020). The Difference Between Emergency Remote Teaching and Online Learning. Educause Review. https://er.educause.edu/articles/2020/3/the-difference-between-emergency-remote-teaching-and-online-learning
Ibrahim, S. A., & Razak, K. A. (2021). Pandemik Covid-19: Cabaran dan Impak Dalam Pendidikan Islam dan Pembelajaran Murid. International Journal of Advanced Research in Islamic Studies and Education (ARISE), 1(1), 89-94.
Izhar N. A., Al-dheleai, Y. M., & Na, K. S. (2021). Teaching in the Time of Covid-19: The Challenges Faced By Teachers in Initiating Online Class Sessions. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 11(2), 1294-1306. http://dx.doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v11-i2/9205
Konukman, F., Filiz, B., Ünlü, H. (2022). Teachers’ perceptions of teaching physical education using online learning during the COVID-19: A quantitative study in Turkey. PLoS ONE 17(6). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0269377
Kusuma, P. I. (2022). EFL teachers’ online teaching in rural schools during the COVID-19 pandemic: Stories from Indonesia. Studies in English Language and Education, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.24815/siele.v9i1.21239
Li, M., & Yu, Z. (2022). Teachers’ Satisfaction, Role, and Digital Literacy during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Sustainability, 14(3), 1-19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14031121
Lindner, J., Clemons, C., Thoron, A., & Lindner, N. (2020). Remote instruction and distance education: A response to Covid-19. Advancements in Agricultural Development, 1(2), 53-64.
Lockee, B. B. (2021). Online Education in the Post-COVID Era. Nature, 4, 5-6.
Lukas, B., & Yunus, M. M. (2021). ESL Teachers’ Challenges in Implementing E-learning during COVID-19. International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research, 20(2), 330-348. https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.20.2.18
Mahalingam, N., & Jamaludin, K. A. (2021). Impak Dan Cabaran Pelaksanaan Pengajaran Dan Pembelajaran Atas Talian Semasa Perintah Kawalan Pergerakan. Jurnal Dunia Pendidikan, 3(4), 104-115. https://doi.org/10.55057/jdpd.2021.3.4.9
Mailis, M. I. (2021). Pandangan Dan Cabaran Guru Terhadap Pelaksanaan Pengajaran Dan Pembelajaran Di Rumah (Pdpr) Dalam Tempoh Pandemik Covid-19. Jurnal Ilmi, 11, 14-25.
Malaysian Ministry of Education. (2020). Manual Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran di Rumah. https://www.moe.gov.my/pemberitahuan/pengumuman/manual-pdpdr
Malaysian Ministry of Education. (2020). Pemakluman Pelaksanaan Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran di Rumah.
https://www.moe.gov.my/pemberitahuan/pengumuman/pemakluman-pdpr
Mazlan, Z. Z. B., Mohammad Ali, M. F. B., & Munakase, M. N. (2022). Unpacking Malaysian teacher’s preferences in using technology during covid-19 pandemic. International Technology and Education Journal, 6(1), 1-13.
Meirovitz, T., Russak, S., & Zur, A. (2022). English as a foreign language teachers’ perceptions regarding their pedagogical-technological knowledge and its implementation in distance learning during COVID-19. Heliyon, 8, 1-7.
Morgan, H. (2020). Best Practices for Implementing Remote Learning during a Pandemic. The Clearing House: A Journal of Educational Strategies, Issues and Ideas, 93(3), 135-141. https://doi.org/10.1080/00098655.2020.1751480
Moussa, N. M. (2023). Conceptualizing the future of e-Learning: examining students’ readiness, satisfaction, and intention to continue employing remote learning in higher education landscape. Journal of E-Learning and Knowledge Society, 19(2), 1-11.
Nahar, N., & Rosly, N. J. (2022). Persepsi guru-guru Melayu Sekolah Jenis Kebangsaan Daerah Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan terhadap penguasaan kemahiran lisan Bahasa Melayu sepanjang pandemik COVID-19. Jurnal Bahasa, 22(1), 149?172.
https://doi.org/10.37052/jb22(1)no7
Noorbehbahani, F., Mohammadi, A., & Aminazadeh, M. (2022). A systematic review of research on cheating in online exams from 2010 to 2021. Educ Inf Technol, 27, 8413-8460. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-022-10927-7
Parkes, S., Zaka, P., & Davis, N. (2011). The first blended or hybrid online course in a New Zealand secondary school: A case study. Computers in New Zealand Schools: Learning, teaching, technology, 23(1), 1-30.
Pietroszek, K. (2019). Virtual Reality as a Medium for Remote Class Participation. Proceedings of the Immersive Learning Network Conference (pp. 1-8). Institute for Immersive Designs, Experiences, Applications and Stories.
Rajendram, R. (2021, February 14). Offline learning to the rescue. The Star.
https://www.thestar.com.my/news/education/2021/02/14/offline-learning-to-the-rescue
Ramli, A. A., & Rahman, I. A. (2021). Isu dan Cabaran dalam Pelaksanaan Pendidikan Peringkat Rendah dan Menengah: Pendekatan Malaysia Semasa Pandemik Covid-19. Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH), 6(9), 1-13.
https://doi.org/10.47405/mjssh.v6i9.1043
Robinson, L. E., Valido, A., & Drescher, A. (2023). Teachers, Stress, and the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Analysis. School Mental Health, 15, 78-89. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12310-022-09533-2
Roslan, S. Y. (2020, May 19). COVID-19: Semua sekolah diarahkan tutup, kebajikan pelajar mesti diambil kira. Astro Awani. https://www.astroawani.com/berita-malaysia/covid19-semua-sekolah-diarahkan-tutup-kebajikan-pelajar-mesti-diambil-kira-234342
Salleh, M. I. M., Alias, N. A., Ariffin, S., Ibrahim, Z., Ramli, A. R., & Aliman, S. (2023). The sudden transition to remote learning in response to COVID-19: lessons from Malaysia. Humanities & social sciences communications, 10(1), 254.
https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-023-01751-6
Santos, D. L. M. (2022). Online learning after the COVID-19 pandemic: Learners’ motivations. Frontiers in Education, 7. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2022.879091
Šorgo, A., Ploj Virti?, M., & Dolenc, K. (2023). The Idea That Digital Remote Learning Can Happen Anytime, Anywhere in Forced Online Teacher Education is a Myth. Technology, Knowledge and Learning, 28, 1461-1484.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10758-023-09685-3
Stewart, W. H., & Lowenthal, P. R. (2022). Distance education under duress: a case study of exchange students’ experience with online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Korea. Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 54, 273-287. https://doi.org/10.1080/15391523.2021.1891996
Sumilong, M. J. (2022). Learner Reticence at the Time of the Pandemic: Examining Filipino Students’ Communication Behaviours in Remote Learning. British Journal of Teacher Education and Pedagogy, 1(3), 1-13
. https://doi.org/10.1080/15391523.2021.1891996
Szabo, E., Korodi, K., Szel, E., & Jagodics, B. (2022). Facing the Inevitable: The Effects of Coronavirus Disease Pandemic and Online Teaching on Teachers' Self-Efficacy, Workload and Job Satisfaction. European Journal of Educational Research, 11(1), 151-162.
Tate, T., & Warschauer, M. (2022). Equity in online learning. Educational Psychologist, 57(3), 192-206. https://doi.org/10.1080/00461520.2022.2062597
Torres, R. A. O., & Cruz, O. R. A. (2022). Remote learning: Challenges and opportunities for educators and students in the new normal. Anatolian Journal of Education, 7(1), 83-92. https://doi.org/10.29333/aje.2022.717a
Wagman, K. B., Blinder, E. B., Song, K., Vignon, A., Dworkin, S., Clegg, T., Vitak, J., & Chetty, M. (2023). "We picked community over privacy": Privacy and Security Concerns Emerging from Remote Learning Sociotechnical Infrastructure During COVID-19. Proceedings of the ACM on Human Computer Interaction. (pp. 1-29).
https://doi.org/10.1145/3610036
Wieland, N., & Kollias, L. (2020). Online Learning Before, During and After COVID-19: Observations Over 20 Years. International Journal of Advanced Corporate Learning (iJAC), 13(2), 84-92. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijac.v13i2.16779
Yusoff, N. M., & Hamzah, M. I. (2021. Pandemik Covid-19: Cabaran dalam Pengajaran Guru Pendidikan Islam dan Pembelajaran Murid Prasekolah. Global Journal of Educational Research & Management, 1(3), 160-169.
Zancajo, A., Verger, A., & Bolea, P. (2022). Digitalization and beyond: the effects of Covid-19 on post-pandemic educational policy and delivery in Europe. Policy and Society, 41(1), 111-128. https://doi.org/10.1093/polsoc/puab016
(Ishak & Sulaiman, 2023)
Ishak, A., & Sulaiman, N. A. (2023). Malaysian ESL Teachers’ Challenges in Implementing Home-Based Teaching and Learning (PdPR). International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development, 12(4), 968–981.
Copyright: © 2023 The Author(s)
Published by HRMARS (www.hrmars.com)
This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) license. Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article (for both commercial and non-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. The full terms of this license may be seen at: http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode