Journal Screenshot

International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development

Open Access Journal

ISSN: 2226-6348

Hybrid Working Post COVID Pandemic: A Change in Organisation Governance and Its Impact on the Control Environment

Emmanuel Lumbwe, Asif Mahbub Karim, Joseph Adaikalam

http://dx.doi.org/10.6007/IJARPED/v12-i4/19708

Open access

The post COVID-19 return to normal way of life has brought in new challenges in the way organisations restructure their workspace and the governance that supports day-to-day operations. During the pandemic new strategies were deployed by most organisations across the world for the purpose of business continuity. Remote work, in particular working from home, was adopted by most organisations using different work platforms that included virtual (electronic) workspaces and meeting rooms (e.g., Zoom and Microsoft Teams). Staff remotely accessed electronic systems that included financial management systems. This brought a lot of stress on businesses in relation to their information technology infrastructure and increased related costs.
With the subsiding of COVID and the return to normalcy, a lot of organisations and staff are suggesting that organizations allow a hybrid work environment. This is the practice of alternating between working from home and working in the office. Hybrid working environments may create several control issues, including cyber security / cyber fraud risks which may lead to operational risks and financial risks.
The purpose of this paper is to review the impact of this change in operating style on organisational governance and how it has impacted the control environment in various organizations across the world. It also seeks to provide insight on the impact flexible internal controls has on work for both companies and employees.

Al Qalhati, N., Karim, A. M., Al Mughairi, B., Al Hilali, K., & Hossain, M. I. (2020). Technology and HR Practices in Educational Sector in Sharqiya Governate of Oman. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences. 10(10), 435-443.
Alshams, Y. A. A. B, Hock, O. Y., Karim, A. M, Hossain, M. I. (2019). Developing a Framework on Performance and Challenges of Strategic Management Information System: A Case study on Ministry of Interior, UAE. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 9(5), 633 – 646.
Alshamsi, H. S. A. A., Karim, A. M., Hossain, M. I. (2019) Effectiveness of Public Sector Financial Audit on Police Department of Abu Dhabi, UAE: Proposition of a Conceptual Framework. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 9(5), 647–659.
Brooks, I. (2009). Organisational behaviour: individuals, groups and organisation. Pearson Education.
CDC. (2022). CDC streamlines COVID-19 guidance to help the public better protect themselves and understand their risk https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2022/p0811-covid-guidance.html Accessed on 24 August, 2022
CISCO. (2022). COVID-19: Remote Access to Operational Technology Environments Covid-19: longer-term impact on internal audit – focus on canada Cybersecurity.
https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/products/security/what-is-cybersecurity.html#~types-of-threats Accessed on 24 August, 2022
Deloitte. (2020).
https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/au/Documents/audit/deloitte-au-audit-covid-19-control-environment-considerations-report.pdf Accessed on 25/08/22
Deloitte. (2020). https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/de/Documents/about-deloitte/COVID-19-Effects-on-the-internal-control-system-fact-sheet.pdf Accessed on 25/08/22
Deloitte. (2020).
https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/za/Documents/risk/The_Fraud_Triangle_Final.pdfAccessed on 24 August, 2022
Eklund, M. A. (2021). The COVID-19 lessons learned for business and governance. SN Business & Economics, 1(1), 25.
Fortune. (2022). https://fortune.com/2020/04/02/zoom-bombing-what-is-meeting-hacked-how-to-prevent-vulnerability-is-zoom-safe-video-chats/ 04/09/2022
Hopkin, P. (2018). Fundamentals of risk management: understanding, evaluating and implementing effective risk management. Kogan Page Publishers.
Hossain, M. I., Polas, M. R. H., Rahman, M. M., Islam, T., & Jamadar, Y. (2020). An Exploration of COVID-19 Pandemic and its Consequences on FMCG Industry in Bangladesh. Journal of Management Info, 7(3), 145-155. https://doi.org/10.31580/jmi.v7i3.1484
Hossain, M. I., San, O. T., Ling, S. M., Said, R. M. & Teh. B. H. (2022). Nexus of Stakeholder Integration, Environmental Investment, Green Technology Adoption and Environmental Sustainability Practices: Evidence from Bangladesh Textile SMEs. Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities. 30 (1), 253 – 281.
IMF. (2022). https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/2021/03/global-cyber-threat-to-financial-systems-maurer.htm 04/09/2022
Jamadar, Y., Ong, T. S., Kamarudin, F., & Abdullah, A. A. (2022). Future firm performance, corporate governance, information asymmetry and insider trading–a systematic literature review using PRISMA. International Journal of Sustainable Economy, 14(3), 309-329.
Jamadar, Y., San, O. T., Abdullah, A. A.. and Kamarudin, F. (2021). Earnings and discretionary accruals. Managerial and Decision Economics. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/mde.3391
KPMG. (2022). https://advisory.kpmg.us/content/dam/advisory/en/pdfs/2020/maintaining-controls-in-a-covid-19-environment.pdf Accessed on 25/08/22
Mughairi, B. M. A., Hajri, H. A., Karim, A. M., Hossain, M. I. (2019). An Innovative Cyber Security based Approach for National Infrastructure Resiliency for Sultanate of Oman. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 9(3) 1180–1195.
Nur-Al-Ahad, M., Jamadar, Y., Latiff, A. R. A., Tabash, M. I., & Zaman, A. (2022). Effect of Islamic and Conventional Bonds on Firm's Performance: Evidence from Malaysia. In 2022 International Conference on Sustainable Islamic Business and Finance (SIBF) (pp. 108-116). IEEE.
Theiia. (2022). COVID-19: Control environment considerations.
https://www.theiia.org/globalassets/site/affiliates/canada/documents/covid-19-longer-term-impact-on-ia.pdf Accessed on 25/08/22

N/A