ISSN: 2226-6348
Open access
After the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, the global economy has been severely affected, and college students in various countries are facing greater challenges in employment. The purpose of this study is to integrate existing research on employment anxiety among college students during COVID-19 by reviewing what researchers have already investigated. This systematic review searched two databases in English (Web of Science and Scopus) and two databases in Chinese (VIP database of Chinese technical journals, China National Knowledge Infrastructure). The search time is from the time of database creation to January 1, 2023. Of the 1064 retrieved records, a total of 19 studies were included. During the pandemic period, more than most college students had employment anxiety, and the anxiety level was moderately high. In areas that were more severely affected by the pandemic, the proportion of college students with employment anxiety was greater. Obviously, the employment anxiety of graduates is greater than that of non-graduates. Compared with males, females are more likely to have employment anxiety. The employment anxiety of college students from medical and normal backgrounds is more prominent. Through the analysis of factors affecting employment anxiety, it is found that universities and families should provide employment support and psychological assistance for college students, such as career planning, enhancing psychological resilience, self-efficacy, professional sense of mission, reducing perfectionism, etc. Social support is an important factor that can help relieve college students' employment anxiety.
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Zung, W. W. (1971). A rating instrument for anxiety disorders. Psychosom, 12(6),371-379.
virus variation and vaccine protection. Wuhan Ligong Daxue Xuebao, Xinxi Yu Guanli Gongchengban, 04, 519-525.
Fang, X., & Liu, J. (2022). Current situation and influencing factors of employment anxiety among college students under the pandemic. China Employment, 02, 46-47.
Froidevaux, A., Koopmann, J., Wang, M., & Bamberger, P. (2020). Is student loan debt good or bad for full-time employment upon graduation from college? Journal of Applied Psychology, 105(11), 1246–1261. https://doi.org/10.1037/apl0000487
Gao, X. Q., Zhong, M. Y., & Gao, G. (2020). The relationship between social support and employment anxiety among college students: the mediating role of self-efficacy. Chinese Journal of Health Psychology, 11, 1675-1678.
Geng, Y. X., Qiang, J., Yang, C. Y., Chen, F. H., & Xu, F. F. (2022). Analysis of the relationship betweenperfectionism and employment anxiety and the moderating effect of careerdecision self-efficacy among 324 undergraduate students. Chinese School Medicine, 08, 588-590+611.
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Kim, J., Oh, J., Rajaguru, V. (2022). Job-Seeking Anxiety and Job Preparation Behavior of Undergraduate Students. Healthcare, 10(2),288.
Ksinan, J. G., Bobák, M., Pikhart, H., & Ksinan, A. J. (2021). Job loss and lower healthcare utilisation due to COVID-19 among older adults across 27 European countries. Journal of Epidemiology and CommunityHealth. https://doi.org/10.1136/jech-2021-216715.
Ksinan, J. G. (2022). Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the workforce: from psychological distress to the Great Resignation. Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health, 76, 525 - 526.
Lee, J., Solomon, M., Stead, T., Kwon, B., & Ganti, L. (2021). Impact of COVID-19 on the mental health of US college students. BMC psycGisaorhology, 9(1), 95.
Li, C., & Zeng, S. (2021). The Relationship Between Intolerance of Uncertainty and Employment Anxiety of Graduates During COVID-19: The Moderating Role of CareerPlanning. Frontiers in Psychology, 12.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.694785.
Li, C. P., Zhang, X. Y., & Zhang, W. H. (2022). A study of medical students' employment psychological problems and countermeasures. Employment and Security, 09, 91-93.
Li, J., & Chen, X. Y. (2021). A study on the current situation of psychological adaptation of college students who resumed school in the post-pandemic era: a case study of teacher training students in a university in Zhejiang Province. Journal of Jiangxi Electric Power Vocational Technology College, 07, 156-157+164.
Li, S. J. (2021). Study on the relationship between social support, coping style, self-efficacy and employment anxiety among college students . Guangxi Normal University. https://doi.org/10.27036/d.cnki.ggxsu.2021.000050.
Liang, H. H. (2022). A study on the influence of multidimensional perfectionism psychology on college students' employment anxiety. Heilongjiang Science, 23, 76-78.
Lin J. (2010). Employment anxiety among college graduates under the backdrop of the international financial crisis. Psychological Research Theory. 003, 119-120.
Liu, J. S. (2022). The dilemma and breakthrough of employment of college graduates in the context of normalized prevention and control of the new crown pneumonia pandemic. Journal of Chengdu Normal College, 08, 40-45.
Lovibond, P. F., & Lovibond, S. H. (1995). The structure of negative emotional states: Comparison of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) with the Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 33, 335–343.
Miani, P., Kille, T., Lee, S. Y., Zhang, Y., & Bates, P. R. (2021). The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on current tertiary aviation education and future careers: Students’ perspective. Journal of Air Transport Management, 94, 102081.
Morgan, A. K. , Awafo, B. A., & Quartey, T. (2021). The effects of COVID-19 on global economic output and sustainability: evidence from around the world and lessons for redress. Sustainability: Science, Practice and Policy, 17, 76-80.
Murtagh, F., & Devlin, K. (2018). The development of data science: implications for education, employment, research, and the data revolution for sustainable development. Big Data and Cognitive Computing, 2(2), 14.
Nazempour, R., Darabi, H., & Nelson, P. C. (2022). Impacts on students’ academic performance due to emergency transition to remote teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic: A financial engineering course case study. Education Sciences, 12(3), 202.
Noman, M., Kaur, A., & Nafees, N. (2021). Covid-19 fallout: Interplay between stressors and support on academic functioning of Malaysian university students. Children and Youth Services Review, 125,106001-106002.
Qin, X. X. , Li, Y. R., Wang, Y. L., & Xu, W. (2020). An overview of college students' employment anxiety and its countermeasures. Guangxi Quality Supervision Hera, 08, 89-90.
Ren, H. J. (2010). Characteristics and relationship between employment anxiety and career decision difficulties among college graduates. Henan University. https://doi.org/10.7666/d.y1692772.
Rodela, T. T., Tasnim, S., Mazumder, H., Faizah, F., Sultana, A., & Hossain, M. M. (2020). Economic impacts of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in developing countries. https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/wygpk.
Rothwell, A., Herbert, I., & Rothwell, F. (2008). Self-perceived employability: Construction and initial validation of a scale for university students. Journal of vocational behavior, 73(1), 1-12.
Sahu, P. (2020). Closure of universities due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): impact on education and mental health of students and academic staff. Cureus, 12(4).
Saiyidan, Y., Zhao, H. L., Gulizayila, B. L. T. H., & Ning, L. (2022). Correlation analysis of employment anxiety with psychological resilience and employment stress among preventive medicine undergraduates in a medical school in Xinjiang. Occupation and Health, 14, 1969-1973.
Shao, Y. J. (2020).British low-cost airlines go bankrupt, global airline industry struggles.
Shen, G. B. (2020). The impact of the "new crown pneumonia" pandemic on China's foreign trade and employment and relief measures. Journal of Shanghai University of International Business and Economics,2, 16-25.
Shen, J., & Wang, F. (2021). Research on the impact of the new crown pneumonia-pandemic on the employment of college graduates and countermeasures--case study of Hohai University. Modern Business Industry, 04, 62-63.
Teng, C. X., & Wang, K. H. (2021). The impact of major public emergencies on employment and suggestions - A case study of New Coronavirus Pneumonia. China Employment, 01, 46-47.
Teng, W., Ma, C., Pahlevansharif, S., & Turner, J. J. (2019). Graduate readiness for the employment market of the 4th industrial revolution: The development of soft employability skills. Education+ Training, 61(5), 590-604.
Tsurugano, S., Nishikitani, M., Inoue, M., & Yano, E. (2021). The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on working students: results of a workforce survey and a student lifestyle survey. Journal of Occupational Health. https://doi.org/10.1002/1348-9585.12209.
Tu, J. B. (2022). The relationship between trait anxiety and college students' employment stress: a mediated moderating effect . Journal of Mudanjiang Normal College:Social Science Edition, 2, 86-93.
Wang, L., Lu, H., Xu, A. Q., & Wang, X. Y. (2022). A study on the mediating role of medical students' human capital on employment anxiety and self-efficacy. Modern Hospital, 01, 49-51.
Wang, N. N., Zhang, G. L., & Wang, Y. H. (2022). A study on the relationship between career maturity and employment anxiety among Tibetan and Chinese college students in Tibetan universities: based on potential profile analysis. Psychological Monthly, 10, 60-63+164.
Wang, X. (2021). Research on the impact of "cloud job hunting" on employment quality and countermeasures of college students during the period of pandemic prevention and control. Journal of Southwest Normal University (Natural Science Edition), 06, 139-144.
Watson, O. J., Barnsley, G., Toor, J., Hogan, A. B., Winskill, P., & Ghani, A. C. (2022). Global impact of the first year of COVID-19 vaccination: a mathematical modelling study. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 22, 1293-1302.
Xie, S. N. (2020). Challenges and countermeasures for employment of college graduates in the context of COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Liming Vocational University, 04, 67-70.
Xu, S. P., Yang, Y. M., Zhang, J., Wan, L., Wang, P. Y., & Zhang, J. F. (2020). Current situation of employment anxiety among clinical undergraduate graduates during the newcrown pneumonia pandemic and countermeasures for prevention and control. PLA Journal of Preventive Medicine, 07, 114-115+118.
Yamada, G. A. L. (2018). Labor market consequences of the college boom around the world. IZA World of Labor.
Yasar, O. M., & Turgut, M. (2020). Unemployment Anxiety of Last Year College Students. Cypriot Journal of Educational Sciences, 15(1), 56-64.
Zhai, Y., & Du, X. (2020). Addressing collegiate mental health amid COVID-19 pandemic. Psychiatry research, 288, 113003.
Zhang, X. (2022). A practical study on group work to alleviate employment anxiety of college graduates.Northwest University for Nationalities.
Zhang, X. Q. (2001). Analysis of college students' employment anxiety and its causes. SocialPsychologicalScience, 19(5), 106-108.
Zhang, X.Q. (2005). Analysis of Predictors of Employment Anxiety among College Graduates in Jiangsu Province. Suzhou University. https://doi.org/10.7666/d.w016118.
Zhang, Y., & Yao, D. (2011). Cross-regional validation and comparison of the Job Choice Anxiety Questionnaire for college graduates. Psychological and Behavioral Research, 02, 120-124.
Zhang, Y. Z. (2006). An experimental psycho educational study of career choice anxiety among college graduates. Psychological Development and Education, 03, 99-102.
Zhao, F. Y. (2021). The impact of the new crown pneumonia pandemic on China's labor market and college students' employment coping strategies. Employment and Security, 08, 193-194.
Zheng, W. , Jin, T., Chen, R., & Li, X. (2022). An Analysis of the Influence Path of Anxiety on the Irrational Competition Behavior of College Students in the Post Pandemic Era —The Intermediary Role of Employment Values. Advances in Education, 12(4), 918-926.
Zung, W. W. (1971). A rating instrument for anxiety disorders. Psychosom, 12(6),371-379.
(Linge & Kosnin, 2024)
Linge, D., & Kosnin, A. M. (2024). Employment Anxiety among College Students During COVID-19: A Systematic Review. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 13(1), 414–445.
Copyright: © 2024 The Author(s)
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