ISSN: 2226-6348
Open access
This study explores skills acquisition factors in utilizing 4IR technologies within the Malaysian Food Services Industry, specifically in dine-in restaurants. Applying a Sequential Exploratory mixed methods approach, the qualitative phase explores reasons for using 4IR technologies, factors influencing service staff skill acquisition, and the required 4IR skills in a Food Services working environment. Based on these qualitative insights, a survey instrument for Food Service staff is developed, integrating constructs from the Diffusion of Innovation (DOI) Theory and the Technological-Organisational-Environmental (TOE) Framework. DOI is used to analyze factors influencing technology adoption and skills acquisition, while TOE maps these constructs to technological, organizational, and environmental factors similar to Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) curriculum components. Key findings reveal that 4IR technologies address staff shortages, allowing service staff to perform tasks other than taking orders and sending food to customers. Key factors influencing skills acquisition are the technology’s low complexity and compatibility within the working environment. Key skills include operational handling of 4IR technology, communication skills, risk assessment, escalation of technical issues to maintenance personnel and training of technology use to new staff.
Academy of Sciences Malaysia (ASM). (2020). 10-10 Malaysian Science, Technology, Innovation and Economy (MySTIE) Framework. ISBN 978-983-29 15-49-2.
Amiron, E. (2020) . Industry 4.0 Skills And Enablers For Electronics Manufacturing Industries. [Masters Thesis, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia].
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC). (2014). ANSSR: Enhancing the quality and relevance of TVET for current and future industry needs – Phase 1. Retrieved February 2, 2021, from https://www.apec.org/docs/default-source/Publications/2014/7/ANSSR-Enhancing-the-Quality-and-Relevance-of-Technical-and-Vocational-Education-and-Training-TVET-fo/ANSSR-S-EC-08-12A-Final-report_v2.pdf
Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches. 4th ed., Sage Publications. ISBN 978-1-4522-2609-5. 2014.
Guest, G., Macqueen, K.M., & Namey, E., E. (2012) Applied Thematic Analysis. Sage Publications. ISBN 978-1-4129 7167 -6
Guest, G., Namey, E., Chen, M. (2020) A simple method to assess and report thematic saturation in qualitative research. PLOS ONE 15(5):
e0232076. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0232076
Hagaman, A. K., & Wutich, A. (2017). How Many Interviews Are Enough to Identify Metathemes in Multisited and Cross-cultural Research? Another Perspective on Guest, Bunce, and Johnson’s (2006) Landmark Study. Field Methods.29(1), 23-41. https://doi.org/10.1177/1525822X16640447
Haneem, F., Kama, N., Taskin, N., Pauleen, D., & Abu Bakar, N. A. (2019). Determinants of master data management adoption by local government organizations: An empirical study. International Journal of Information Management, 45, 25-43. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2018.10.007
Hermann, M., Tobias, P., & Boris Otto. (2016). Design Principles for Industrie 4.0 Scenarios. 49th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS), Koloa, HI, USA, January 5–8, pp. 3928–37.
Hiran, K. K., & Henten, A. (2020). An integrated TOE–DoI framework for cloud computing adoption in the higher education sector: case study of Sub-Saharan Africa, Ethiopia. International Journal of System Assurance Engineering and Management, 11(2), 441-449. doi:10.1007/s13198-019-00872-z
Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI). (2018). Industry4wrd: National Policy on Industry 4.0. ISBN 978-967-5842-29-0
Rogers, E. M. (1983). Diffusion of Innovations, 3rd ed. Free Press, New York.
Saldana, J. (2013). The coding manual for qualitative researchers. Sage.ISBN 978-1-44624-737-5
Schwab, K. (2016). The Fourth Industrial Revolution. ISBN-13: 978-1-944835-01-9
Spöttl, G., & Windelband, L. (2021). The 4th Industrial Revolution – its impact on vocational skills. Journal of Education and Work, 34:1, 29-52, doi: https://doi.org.10.1080/13639080.2020.1858230
Tornatzky, L. G., & Fleischer, M. (1990). The processes of technological innovation. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.
World Economic Forum (WEF). (2016). The Future of Jobs Report. Retrieved February 7, 2021, from http:/ww.weforum.org.
Zheng, J. H., & Khalid, H. (2022). The Adoption of Enterprise Resource Planning and Business Intelligence Systems in Small and Medium Enterprises: A Conceptual Framework. Mathematical Problems In Engineering. doi:10.1155/2022/1829347
(Amiron & Abdul Latib, 2024)
Amiron, E., & Abdul Latib, A. (2024). Exploring Factors Influencing Fourth Industrial Revolution Skills Acquisition in The Food Services Industry. International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development, 13(1), 1387–1402.
Copyright: © 2024 The Author(s)
Published by HRMARS (www.hrmars.com)
This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) license. Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article (for both commercial and non-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. The full terms of this license may be seen at: http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode