Journal Screenshot

International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development

Open Access Journal

ISSN: 2226-6348

Examining Team Collaboration: A Study Utilising Tuckman’s Framework for Analysis

Aisyah Hani Mohd Habali, Janaki Manokaran, Bazrina binti Ramly, Nur Amalina bt Zaharudin, Norhayati binti Mohamad Hussain

http://dx.doi.org/10.6007/IJARPED/v13-i2/21250

Open access

Team collaboration unites diverse individuals to work collectively towards common goals, engaging in communication and task distribution. Team collaboration in higher education enriches learning and develops essential skills, preparing students for future endeavours. Team collaboration in classrooms is valued alongside other methods, aiding student engagement and learning outcomes but also posing challenges. Therefore, to achieve effective collaborative work, a well-known team development model in navigating the challenges faced by the learners is further analysed. This study seeks to investigate how the developmental stages outlined in the Tuckman model manifest within the context of team collaboration. This research employs a quantitative approach to examine team collaboration through the Tuckman’s framework. 127 foundation students participated in this research. Five-point Likert scale is used in the questionnaire. Findings indicated that participants exhibit significant levels of team collaboration across the entire spectrum of the four stages: forming, storming, norming, and performing. This is evident in the higher mean scores for each stage. Group work aids learning by supporting effective studying and task completion through peer assistance. Educators should incorporate these strategies to help students. Further research should explore improving team collaboration in classrooms. Instructors should provide clear guidelines to establish goals and roles effectively.

Adesina, O. O., Adesina, O. A., Adelopo, I., & Afrifa, G. A. (2022). Managing group work: The impact of peer assessment on student engagement. Accounting Education, 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1080/09639284.2022.2034023.
Brannen, S. F., Beauchamp, D., Cartwright, N. M., Liddle, D. M., Tishinsky, J. M., Newton, G., & Mon, J. M. (2021). Effectiveness of group work contracts to facilitate collaborative group learning and reduce anxiety in traditional face-to-face lecture and online distance education course formats. International Journal for the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.20429/ijsotl.2021.150205.
Costley, J. (2021). How role-taking in a group-work setting affects the relationship between the amount of collaboration and germane cognitive load. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 18(1), 1-13.
Ferdous, T., & Karim, A. (2019). Working in groups outside the classroom: Affective challenges and probable solutions. International Journal of Instruction, 12(3), 341-358. https://doi.org/10.29333/iji.2019.12321a.
Fredricks, J. A., Filsecker, M., & Lawson, M. A. (2016). Student engagement, Context, And adjustment: Addressing definitional, Measurement, And methodological issues. Learning and Instruction, 43, 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2016.02.002
Gajderowicz, T., Jakubowski, M., Wrona, S., & Alkhadim, G. (2023). Is students’ teamwork a dreamwork? A new DCE-based multidimensional approach to preferences towards group work. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 10(1), 1-13.
Hammar, C. E. (2014). Group work as an incentive for learning–students’ experiences of group work. Frontiers in psychology, 5(558), 1-10.
Hanafi, M., Azram, A. A. R., Omar, S. K., Nadri, H. N., Soopar, A. A., & Fuat, N. H. M. (2022). The impact of group work on students’ online engagement. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 12(8), 2008-2028. https://dx.doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v12-i8/14619.
Harianingsih, I., Jusoh, Z., & Nur, R. M. (2021). From face-to-face to digital learning; Seen from EFL students’ lenses enrolled in online group work. International Journal of English and Applied Linguistics (IJEAL), 1(3), 258-267. https://doi.org/ijeal.v1i3.1266.
Jackson,S.L. (2015) Research methods and Statistics-A Critical Thinking Approach (5tH Edition) Boston, USA:: Cengage Learning.
Johnson, D. W. (1991). Cooperative Learning: Increasing College Faculty Instructional Productivity. ASHE-ERIC Higher Education Report No. 4, 1991. ASHE-ERIC Higher Education Reports, George Washington University, One Dupont Circle, Suite 630, Washington, DC 20036-1183.
Martin, F., & Bolliger, D. U. (2018). Engagement Matters: Student Perceptions on the Importance of Engagement Strategies in the Online Learning Environment. Online Learning, 22(1), 205–222. http://doi.dx/ 10.24059/olj.v22i1.1092.
Nawi, S. M., Yusof, S. M., Kamaludin, P. N. H., & Sain, N. (2021). Exploring Malaysian Tertiary Students’ Behavioural, Cognitive, Emotional and Social Engagement and Disengagement in ODL. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 11(4), 1296-1311. https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v11-i4/9826
Poort, I., Jansen, E., & Hofman, A. (2019). Intercultural group work in higher education: Costs and benefits from an expectancy-value theory perspective. International Journal of Educational Research, 93, 218-231.
Rahmat,N.H.,(2020) Conflict Resolution in Class Discussions. International Journal of Education, 12(3), 49-66. https://www.macrothink.org/journal/index.php/ije/article/view/16914/13610
Sazali, A. R. B., Khamarudin, F. B., & Abdul Alahdad, S. N. B. (2022). Maximising The Zone of Proximal Development Benefits in Group Online Learning. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences. 12(6), 1476 – 1496. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v12-i6/13861
Slavin, R. E. (1996). Research on cooperative learning and achievement: What we know, what we need to know. Contemporary educational psychology, 21(1), 43-69.
Tuckman, B. W. (1965). Developmental sequence in small groups. Psychological Bulletin, 63(6), 384–399. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1037/h0022100
Tuckman’s Teamwork Survey (2016) Knowledge Jump. Retrieved from
Webb, N. M., & Palincsar, A. S. (1996). Group processes in the classroom. Prentice Hall International.
Wildman, J. L., Nguyen, D. M., Duong, N. S., & Warren, C. (2021). Student teamwork during COVID-19: Challenges, changes, and consequences. Small Group Research, 52(2), 119-134. https://doi.org/10.1177/1046496420985185.
Xu, E., Wang, W., & Wang, Q. (2023). The effectiveness of collaborative problem solving in promoting students’ critical thinking: A meta-analysis based on empirical literature. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 10(1), 1-11.

(Habali et al., 2024)
Habali, A. H. M., Manokaran, J., Ramly, B. binti, Zaharudin, N. A. bt, & Hussain, N. binti M. (2024). Examining Team Collaboration: A Study Utilising Tuckman’s Framework for Analysis. International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development, 13(2), 616–629.