Chatgpt in Higher Education Malaysia: An Opportunity or Threat to The Education System?

Abdullah, M., Madain, A., & Jararweh, Y. (2022). ChatGPT: Fundamentals, applications and social impacts. 2022 Ninth International Conference on Social Networks Analysis, Management and Security (SNAMS), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1109/SNAMS58071.2022.10062688
Aljanabi, M., & ChatGPT. (2023). ChatGPT: Future directions and open possibilities. Mesopotamian Journal of Cyber Security, 2023, 16–17. https://doi.org/10.58496/MJCS/2023/003
Atlas, S. (2023). ChatGPT for higher education and professional development: A guide to conversational AI. University of Rhode Island.
Baidoo-Anu, D., & Owusu Ansah, L. (2023, January 25). Education in the era of generative artificial intelligence (AI): Understanding the potential benefits of ChatGPT in promoting teaching and learning. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4337484
Bayat, M., Banihashem, S. K., & Noroozi, O. (2022). The effects of collaborative reasoning strategies on improving primary school students’ argumentative decision-making skills. The Journal of Educational Research, 115(6), 349–358. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220671.2022.2155602
Barocas, S., & Selbst, A. D. (2016). Big data’s disparate impact. California Law Review, 104(3), 671–732. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2477899
Baymurzina, D., Kuratov, Y., Kuznetsov, D., Kornev, D., & Burtsev, M. (2021). Evaluation of conversational skills for commonsense. https://doi.org/10.28995/2075-7182-2021-20-1002-1011
Biswas, S. (2023). Role of ChatGPT in computer programming.: ChatGPT in computer programming. Mesopotamian Journal of Computer Science, 2023, 8–16. https://doi.org/10. 58496/MJCSC/2023/002
Bogost, I. (2022). ChatGPT is dumber than you think. https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/ archive/2022/12/chatgpt-openai-artificial-intelligence-writing-ethics/672386/
Borji, A. (2023). A categorical archive of ChatGPT failures. arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2302. 03494
Bozkurt, A. (2023). Generative artificial intelligence (AI) powered conversational educational agents: The inevitable paradigm shift. Asian Journal of Distance Education, 18(1), 198- 204, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7716416
Businessperson. (2023). Explanation of ChatGPT and its functionality. Visit the link to learn about ChatGPT and its functionality:
https://www.entrepreneur.com/sciencetechnology/chatgpt-what
Choi, J. H., Hickman, K. E., Monahan, A., & Schwarcz, D. B. (2023). ChatGPT goes to law school. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4335905
Cotton, D. R. E., Cotton, P. A., & Shipway, J. R. (2023). Chatting and cheating: Ensuring academic integrity in the era of ChatGPT. Innovations in Education and Teaching International. https://doi.org/10.1080/14703297.2023.2190148
Dowling, M., & Lucey, B. (2023). ChatGPT for (Finance) research: The bananarama conjecture. Finance Research Letters, 53, 103662. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2023.103662
Deng, J., & Lin, Y. (2022). The benefits and challenges of ChatGPT: An overview. Frontiers in Computing and Intelligent Systems, 2(2), 81–83.
https://doi.org/10.54097/fcis.v2i2.4465
Fija?ko, N., Gosak, L., Štiglic, G., Picard, C. T., & John Douma, M. (2023). Can ChatGPT pass the life support exams without entering the American heart association course? Resuscitation, 185, 109732. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2023.109732
F?rat, M. (2023). How ChatGPT can transform autodidactic experiences and Open education? OSF Prepints. https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/9ge8m
Garg, M., & Goel, A. (2022). A systematic literature review on online assessment security: Current challenges and integrity strategies. Computers & Security, 113, 102544. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. cose.2021.102544
Garg, M., & Goel, A. (2022). A systematic literature review on online assessment security: Current challenges and integrity strategies. Computers & Security, 113, 102544. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. cose.2021.102544
Gao, C. A., Howard, F. M., Markov, N. S., Dyer, E. C., Ramesh, S., Luo, Y., & Pearson, A. T. (2022). Comparing scientific abstracts generated by ChatGPT to original abstracts using an artificial intelligence output detector, plagiarism detector, and blinded human reviewers. BioRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.12.23.521610
Gao, J., Zhao, H., Yu, C., & Xu, R. (2023). Exploring the feasibility of ChatGPT for event extraction. arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2303.03836.
Gaševi?, D., Siemens, G., & Sadiq, S. (2023). Empowering learners for the age of artificial intelligence. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 100130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2023. 100130
Grawitch, M. (2023). Just how accurate is ChatGPT?
https://www.psychologytoday.com/intl/blog/ a-hovercraft-full-of-eels/202302/just-how-accurate-is-chatgpt
Gupta, P., Raturi, S., & Venkateswarlu, P. (2023). Chatgpt for designing course outlines: A boon or bane to modern technology. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4386113
Gordijn, B., & Have, H. T. (2023). ChatGPT: Evolution or revolution? Medicine, Health Care, and Philosophy, 1-2. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11019-023- 10136-0
Haque, M. U., Dharmadasa, I., Sworna, Z. T., Rajapakse, R. N., & Ahmad, H. (2022). “I think this is the most disruptive technology”: Exploring sentiments of ChatGPT early adopters using Twitter data. ArXiv preprint. arXiv:2212.05856. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2212.05856
Hapsari, I. P., & Wu, T. -T. (2022). AI Chatbots learning model in English speaking skill: Alleviating speaking anxiety, boosting enjoyment, and fostering critical thinking. International Conference on Innovative Technologies and Learning, Porto, Portugal, 444–453. https://doi.org/10. 1007/978-3-031-15273-3_49
Helmold, J. (2023). Malaysia's Ministry of Higher Education is creating guidelines for the use of ChatGPT at universities. Accessed the article "Malaysia's Ministry of Higher Education Developing Guidelines for ChatGPT Usage in Universities" on February 23, 2024 from https://academichelp.net/blog/edtech/malaysias-ministry-of-higher-education-developing-guidelines-for-chatgpt-usage-in-universities.html
Jia, F., Sun, D., Ma, Q., & Looi, C. -K. (2022). Developing an AI-Based learning system for L2 learners’ authentic and ubiquitous learning in English language. Sustainability, 14(23), 15527. https://doi. org/10.3390/su142315527
Kumar, A. H. (2023). Analysis of ChatGPT tool to assess the potential of its utility for academic writing in biomedical domain. Biology, Engineering, Medicine and Science Reports, 9(1), 24–30. https://doi. org/10.5530/bems.9.1.5
Kung, T. H., Cheatham, M., Medenilla, A., Sillos, C., De Leon, L., Elepano, C., Madriaga, M., Aggabao, R., Diaz-Candido, G., Maningo, J., & Tseng, V. (2022). Performance of ChatGPT on USMLE: Potential for AI-assisted medical education using large language models. medRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/ 2022.12.19.22283643
Latifi, S., Noroozi, O., & Talaee, E. (2021). Peer feedback or peer feedforward? Enhancing students’ argumentative peer learning processes and outcomes. British Journal of Educational Technology, 52(2), 768–784. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.13054
Lecler, A., Duron, L., & Soyer, P. (2023). Revolutionizing radiology with GPT-based models: Current applications, future possibilities and limitations of ChatGPT. Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diii.2023.02.003
Lo, C.K. Strategies for Enhancing Online Flipped Learning: A Systematic Review of Empirical Studies During the COVID-19 pandemic. Interact. Learn. Environ. 2023, 1–29
Rudolph, J., Tan, S., & Tan, S. (2023). ChatGPT: Bullshit spewer or the end of traditional assessments in higher education? Journal of Applied Learning & Teaching, 6(1), 1–22.
Li, Z. (2022). Factors influencing students’ continuous willingness to use e-learning platforms in higher education. International Journal of Information and Communication Technology Education (IJICTE), 18(3), 1-Liebrenz, M., Schleifer, R., Buadze, A., Bhugra, D., & Smith, A. (2023). Generating scholarly content with ChatGPT: Ethical challenges for medical publishing. Lancet Digital Health, 5(3), e105–106. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2589-7500(23)00019-5
Mann, D. L. (2023). Artificial Intelligence discusses the role of artificial intelligence in translational medicine. JACC: Basic to Translational Science, 8(2), 221–223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacbts.2023. 01.001
Mizumoto, A., & Eguchi, M. (2023). Exploring the potential of using an AI language model for automated essay scoring. SSRN Electronic Journal.
https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4373111
Noroozi, O., Weinberger, A., Biemans, H. J., Mulder, M., & Chizari, M. (2012). Argumentation-based computer supported collaborative learning (ABCSCL): A synthesis of 15 years of research. Educational Research Review, 7(2), 79–106.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.edurev.2011.11.006
OpenAi. (2022). Introducing ChatGPT. https://openai.com/blog/chatgpt
Qadir, J. (2022). Engineering education in the era of ChatGPT: Promise and pitfalls of generative AI for education. TechRxiv.
https://doi.org/10.36227/techrxiv.21789434.v1
O’neil, C. (2017). Weapons of math destruction: How big data increases inequality and threatens democracy. Crown.
Plagexpert. (2023). Is it safe to use ChatGPT in academic essay writing? https://www.plagexpert.com/ is-it-safe-to-use-chatgpt-in-academic-essay-writing
Pedro, F., Subosa, M., Rivas, A., & Valverde, P. (2019). Artificial intelligence in education: Challenges and opportunities for sustainable development. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000366994Sallam, M. (2023, March). ChatGPT utility in health care education, research, and practice: Systematic review on the promising perspectives and valid concerns. Healthcare, 11(6), 887. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11060887
Shen, Y., Heacock, L., Elias, J., Hentel, K. D., Reig, B., Shih, G., and Moy, L. 2023. ChatGPT and other significant language models have both positive and negative aspects. Radiology, 230163. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol. 230163
Sok, S., & Heng, K. (2023). ChatGPT for education and research: A review of benefits and risks. SSRN. https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4378735
Sardana, D., Fagan, T. R., & Wright, J. T. (2023). ChatGPT: A disruptive innovation or disrupting innovation in academia? The Journal of the American Dental Association. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adaj.2023.02.008
Saunders, M., Lewis, P., & Thornhill, A. (2019). Research Methods for Business Students (8th ed). Pearson Education Limited
Shen, Y., Heacock, L., Elias, J., Hentel, K. D., Reig, B., Shih, G., & Moy, L. (2023). ChatGPT and other large language models are double-edged swords. Radiology, 230163. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.230163
Seo, K., Tang, J., Roll, I., Fels, S., & Yoon, D. (2021). The impact of artificial intelligence on learner–instructor interaction in online learning. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 18(54), 1-23. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-021- 00292-9
Sinha, R. K., Roy, A. D., Kumar, N., Mondal, H., & Sinha, R. (2023). Applicability of ChatGPT in assisting to solve higher order problems in pathology. Cureus, 15(2). https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.35237
Sobania, D., Briesch, M., Hanna, C., & Petke, J. (2023). An analysis of the automatic bug fixing performance of ChatGPT. arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2301.08653
Susnjak, T. (2022). ChatGPT: The end of online exam integrity? arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv. 2212.09292.
Stokel-Walker, C., & van Noorden, R. (2023). What ChatGPT and generative AI mean for science. https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-023-00340-6
Thorp, H. H. 2023. ChatGPT is enjoyable, however it is not capable of authoring content. The citation is from the journal Science, volume 379, issue 6630, page 313. https://doi.org/10.1126/science adg7879
Tlili, A., Shehata, B., Adarkwah, M. A., Bozkurt, A., Hickey, D. T., Huang, R., & Agyemang, B. (2023). What if the devil is my guardian angel: ChatGPT as a case study of using chatbots in education. Smart Learning Environments, 10(1), 15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40561-023-00237-x
Wang, F. Y., Miao, Q., Li, X., Wang, X., & Lin, Y. (2023). What does chatGPT say: The DAO from algorithmic intelligence to linguistic intelligence. IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica, 10(3), 575–579. https://doi.org/10.1109/JAS.2023.123486
Welle, D. (2023). ChatGPT is changing education, AI experts say — but how? https://news.abs-cbn. com/spotlight/01/25/23/chatgpt-is-changing-education-ai-experts-say-but-how.
Xue, V. W., Lei, P., & Cho, W. C. (2023). The potential impact of ChatGPT in clinical and translational medicine. Clinical and Translational Medicine, 13(3). https://doi.org/10.1002/ctm2.1216
Zhai, X. (2022). ChatGPT user experience: Implications for education. Available at SSRN 4312418.https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4312418

(Selvanathan & Narayanan, 2024)
Selvanathan, B., & Narayanan, S. (2024). Chatgpt in Higher Education Malaysia: An Opportunity or Threat to The Education System? International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development, 13(3), 965–979.

Copyright: © 2024 The Author(s)
Published by HRMARS (www.hrmars.com)
This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) license. Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article (for both commercial and non-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. The full terms of this license may be seenavc at: http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode