ISSN: 2226-6348
Open access
Depression is a major mental health problem that is becoming a great concern among adolescents. An adolescent who experiences depression is associated with having internet addiction and Fear of Missing Out (FoMO). The study aims to i) identify the correlation between internet addiction and FoMO and depression, as well as ii) to determine the predictive effects of internet addiction and FoMO on the depression of rural secondary school students. This quantitative approach study utilises the online questionnaire method (via Google Form) which was participated by 145 Form 4 students. A descriptive analysis of the Pearson Correlation and regression was conducted using the 25.0 version of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software. The results indicated that internet addiction and FoMO have significant positive correlation with depression. Internet addiction and FoMO have positive predictive effects on depression of rural secondary school students. The implication of this study holds crucial importance in understanding the correlation between internet addiction and FoMO with depression, as well as the necessity for intervention that can be designed in order to assist the treatment of students who face the problems of internet addiction, FoMO and depression. The recommendation for future researchers is to further explore and expand the research via a mixed-method in order to gain more transparent and accurate results based on respondents’ experiences.
Atiqah, A. M. I. F. (2022). Hubungan Antara Fear of Missing Out dan Ketagihan Media Sosial Dalam Kalangan Pelajar ISMP Matematik Tahun 1. Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris.
Anand, N., Sharma, M. K., Marimuthu, P., Huchegowda, R., Thakur, P. C., Vishwakarma, A., Tadpatrikar, A., Mondal, I., Azhagannan, K. M., & Rawat, V. S. (2022). Affective symptoms as a predictor of internet addiction among young adults. Industrial Psychiatry Journal, 31(2).
Beirão, D., Monte, H., Amaral, M., Longras, A., Matos, C., & Villas-Boas, F. (2020). Depression in adolescence: a review. Middle East Current Psychiatry, 27(50). https://doi.org/10.1186/s43045-020-00050-z
Chen, J., Tuersun, Y., Yang, J., Xiong, M., Wang, Y., Rao, X., & Jiang, S. (2022). Association of depression symptoms and sleep quality with state-trait anxiety in medical university students in Anhui Province, China: a mediation analysis. BMC Medical Education, 22(627). https://doi.org/10.1186/S12909-022-03683-2/TABLES/5
Guan, C. N., Isa, S. M., Hashim, A. H., Pillai, S. K., & Singh, H. M. K. (2012). Validity of the Malay version of the internet addiction test: A study on a group of medical students in Malaysia. Asia-Pacific Journal of Public Health, 27(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/1010539512447808
Dib, J. E., Haddad, C., Sacre, H., Akel, M., Salameh, P., Obeid, S., & Hallit, S. (2021). Factors associated with problematic internet use among a large sample of Lebanese adolescents. BMC Pediatrics, 21(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-021-02624-0
Elhai, J. D., Gallinari, E. F., Rozgonjuk, D., & Yang, H. (2020). Depression, anxiety and fear of missing out as correlates of social, non-social and problematic smartphone use. Addictive Behaviors, 105(106335). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106335
Gupta, R., Taneja, N., Anand, T., Gupta, A., Gupta, R., Jha, D., & Singh, S. (2021). Internet Addiction, Sleep Quality and Depressive Symptoms Amongst Medical Students in Delhi, India. Community Mental Health Journal, 57, 771–776. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10597-020-00697-2
Hankin, B. L., Wetter, E., Cheely, C., & Oppenheimer, C. W. (2008). Beck’s cognitive theory of depression in adolescence: Specific prediction of depressive symptoms and reciprocal influences in a multi-wave prospective study. International Journal of Cognitive Therapy, 1(4), 313–332. https://doi.org/10.1521/ijct.2008.1.4.313
Hayran, C., & Anik, L. (2021). Well?being and fear of missing out (Fomo) on digital content in the time of covid?19: A correlational analysis among university students. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(4), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041974
Institute For Public Health. (2022). National Health and Morbidity Survey. Ministrey of Health Malaysia. https://iku.gov.my/images/nhms-2022/Report_Malaysia_nhms_ahs_2022.pdf
Intan Farhana, S., & Siti Nabilah, C. S. (2021). Symptoms of Depression among Teenagers in Malaysia. Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education, 12(2), 711–714.
Kaya, C. (2022). Factors impacting depression severity among Turkish college students. Current Psychology, 41, 4971–4978. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-020-01018-2
Li, G., Mei, J., You, J., Miao, J., Song, X., Sun, W., Lan, Y., Qiu, X., & Zhu, Z. (2019). Sociodemographic characteristics associated with adolescent depression in urban and rural areas of Hubei province: A cross-sectional analysis. BMC Psychiatry, 19(386). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-019-2380-4
Lim, P. K., Nordin, A. S., Yee, A., & Tan, S. B. (2021). Prevalence of Smartphone Addiction in Patients with Depression and Its Association with Depression Severity: a Cross-sectional Study. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 19(4), 919–933. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-019-00203-0
Malik, L., Shahnawaz, M. G., Rehman, U., Pragyendu, Uniyal, R., & Griffiths, M. D. (2023). Mediating Roles of Fear of Missing Out and Boredom Proneness on Psychological Distress and Social Media Addiction Among Indian Adolescents. Journal of Technology in Behavioral Science, 0123456789. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41347-023-00323-4
Marchetti, I., & Pössel, P. (2023). Cognitive Triad and Depressive Symptoms in Adolescence: Specificity and Overlap. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 54(4), 1209–1217. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-022-01323-w
Marzo, R. R., Vinay, V., Bahari, R., Chauhan, S., Ming, D. A. F., Nelson Fernandez, S. F. A., Johnson, C. C. P., Thivakaran, A. Q. A., Rahman, M. M., & Goel, S. (2021). Depression and anxiety in Malaysian population during third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health, 12. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CEGH.2021.100868
Masaeli, N., & Farhadi, H. (2021). Internet Addiction and Depression in Iran: Investigating the Mediating Roles of Loneliness and Disordered Sleep and Moderating Role of Gender. International Journal for the Advancement of Counselling, 43(4), 407–423. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10447-021-09447-9
Metin-Orta, I. (2020). Fear of Missing Out , Internet Addiction and Their Relationship to Psychological Symptoms. Addicta: The Turkish Journal on Addictions, 7(1), 67–73. https://doi.org/10.15805/addicta.2020.7.1.0070
Faez, M. I., Wan Salwina, W. I., Nik Ruzyanei, N. J., Kalthum, U. M. M., Hooi Yee, O., Nur Hidayah, A. B., & Hajar, M. S. S. (2022). Depression and Its Association With Self-Esteem and Lifestyle Factors Among School-Going Adolescents in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 1(913067). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.913067
Asikhin, N. I., Shafrin, N. A., & Norakmar, M. O. (2020). Issues and Trends of Depression among Students in Malaysia. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 8(11B), 5951–5957. https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2020.082230
Norhafizah, S., Najib Majdi, Y., Noor Ani, A., Sarimah, A., Balkish, M. N., & Tahir, A. (2019). Depression Severity and its Associated Factors among School-Going Adolescents in Malaysia. Journal of Depression and Anxiety, 08(04). https://doi.org/10.35248/2167-1044.19.8.350
Nur Ainaa, A., & Azam, W. M. Y. (2020). The Relationship Between Internet addiction and Depressive Symptoms Among Undergraduates student of UTM. Jurnal Kemanusiaan, 18(1), 133–139.
Nur Ashidah, Y., & Fariza, M. S. (2020). Sejarah dan Simptom Kemurungan?: Kajian Literatur. Sains Insani, 5(1), 34–42. https://doi.org/10.33102/sainsinsani.vol5no1.130
Nur Shyahirah, M., & Noremy, M. A. (2020). Hubungan sokongan sosial terhadap kemurungan dalam kalangan pelajar. Jurnal Wacana Sarjana, 4(2), 1–10. http://spaj.ukm.my/jws/index.php/jws/article/view/269
Paul, B., & Usha, V. K. (2021). Prevalence and Predictors of Depression Among Adolescents. The Indian Journal of Pediatrics, 88(5), 441–444. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12098-020-03491-w
Perez-Oyola, J. C., Walter-Chavez, D. M., Zila-Velasque, J. P., Pereira-Victorio, C. J., Failoc-Rojas, V. E., Vera-Ponce, V. J., Valladares-Garrido, D., & Valladares-Garrido, M. J. (2023). Internet addiction and mental health disorders in high school students in a Peruvian region: a cross-sectional study. BMC Psychiatry, 23(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-023-04838-1
Pössel, P., & Smith, E. (2020). Integrating Beck’s Cognitive Theory of Depression and the Hopelessness Model in an Adolescent Sample. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 48(3), 435–451. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-019-00604-8
Przybylski, A. K., Murayama, K., Dehaan, C. R., & Gladwell, V. (2013). Motivational, emotional, and behavioral correlates of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior, 29, 1841–1848. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2013.02.014
Sela, Y., Zach, M., Amichay-Hamburger, Y., Mishali, M., & Omer, H. (2020). Family environment and problematic internet use among adolescents: The mediating roles of depression and Fear of Missing Out. Computers in Human Behavior, 106(106226). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2019.106226
Sherina, M. S., Arroll, B., & Goodyear-Smith, F. (2012). Criterion validity of the PHQ-9 (Malay version) in a primary care clinic in Malaysia. Medical Journal of Malaysia, 67(3), 309–315.
Siti Munirah, A. K., Shahlan, S., & Saemah, R. (2023). Kemurungan dan Penggunaan Internet dalam kalangan Pelajar Tingkatan 4 di Kawasan Luar Bandar. Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH), 8(5).
Siti Zobidah, O., Zainab, Z., Abu Samah, A., Jusang, B., & Shaffril, H. A. M. (2020). Influence of different facets of internet addiction on subjective well-being in Malaysia: A comparison across ethnic groups. Jurnal Komunikasi: Malaysian Journal of Communication, 36(2), 196–211. https://doi.org/10.17576/JKMJC-2020-3602-12
Stankovic, M., & Nesic, M. (2022). Association of internet addiction with depression, anxiety, stress, and the quality of sleep: Mediation analysis approach in Serbian medical students. Current Research in Behavioral Sciences, 3(100071). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crbeha.2022.100071
Syamsul Anwar, S. I., Akehsan, D., Nur Wahida, M. P., & Jayachandran, V. (2022). Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) and its relation with Depression and Anxiety among University Students. Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal, 7(20), 233–238. https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v7i20.3358
Tasmin, N., Tamal, S., Mohammed, A., Shamsed, M. K., & Saha Tushar. (2020). Relationship between Internet Addiction and Depression among Medical Students: A Cross Sec-tional Study in a Private Medical College of Dhaka. Journal of Addiction and Recovery, 3(1). http://meddocsonline.org/
Vally, Z., Alghraibeh, A. M., & Elhai, J. D. (2021). Severity of depression and anxiety in relation to problematic smartphone use in the United Arab Emirates: The mediational roles of rumination and fear of missing out. Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies, 3, 423–431. https://doi.org/10.1002/hbe2.259
Wan Ismail, W. S., Sim, S. T., Tan, K. A., Bahar, N., Ibrahim, N., Mahadevan, R., Nik Jaafar, N. R., Baharudin, A., & Abdul Aziz, M. (2020). The relations of internet and smartphone addictions to depression, anxiety, stress, and suicidality among public university students in Klang Valley, Malaysia. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppc.12517
Wan Soraya, W. A. G., Nureliyana, R., Nurakmal, R., Hafizi, Z., & Ayu Rohaidah, G. (2019). The Study of Internet Addiction with Depression, Anxiety and Social Isolation. Advances in Business Research International Journal, 137–145. https://doi.org/10.24191/abrij.v5i2.10014
WHO. (2017). Depression and other common mental disorders global health estimates. World Health Organization. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/254610/WHO-MSD-MER-2017.2-eng.pdf
WHO. (2021). Depressive disorder (depression). World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/depression
Yuan, G., Elhai, J. D., & Hall, B. J. (2021). The influence of depressive symptoms and fear of missing out on severity of problematic smartphone use and Internet gaming disorder among Chinese young adults: A three-wave mediation model. Addictive Behaviors, 112(106648). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106648
(Wahab et al., 2024)
Wahab, S. A., Kee, P., & Ahmad, A. (2024). Internet Addiction and Fear of Missing Out as Predictors of Depression Among Rural Secondary School Students: A Pilot Study. International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development, 13(3), 97–108.
Copyright: © 2024 The Author(s)
Published by HRMARS (www.hrmars.com)
This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) license. Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article (for both commercial and non-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. The full terms of this license may be seenavc at: http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode