Journal Screenshot

International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development

Open Access Journal

ISSN: 2226-6348

Inner Structure and Poetry Education: An Analysis on Poems by Malaysian ESL Pre-Service Teachers

Nur Farah Nabila Abd. Latiff, Hanita Hanim Ismail

http://dx.doi.org/10.6007/IJARPED/v13-i3/21673

Open access

Poets write poem as a way to articulate their emotions, ideas and perspectives, which allow distinction from other literary work. This qualitative study explores the structural patterns in terms of theme, tone, feeling, and mandate and educational values in war-themed poems composed by 26 ESL pre-service teachers at a public university in Malaysia. It also explores other elements to enable in-depth understanding of human experiences, differences in society and the intricacy of human emotions, eliciting empathy, insight and critical thinking. The participants who were pre-service teachers were purposively chosen based on their elective course which was literature. The data collection procedures also included an analysis on war-themed poems, followed by structured interviews. Content analysis was used to categorise and interpret the data. The results showed that in general the poems produced by these pre-service teachers did not only adhere to the literal meaning of war but focused on diverged interpretations of war. Categorising the poems using their inner structure allows readers to relate to the poems better, thus addressing the gap in understanding the structural patterns in terms of theme, tone, feeling, and mandate and educational values in war-themed poems among ESL pre-service teachers, particularly at a public university in Malaysia by examining the correlation between thematic elements. This study helps in developing effective pedagogical strategies aimed at enhancing ESL students’ creative writing skills. The study sought to ascertain how these ESL PSTs structure their poems concerning theme, tone, feeling, and mandate, and the educational values conveyed in these poems.

A??r, A. (2013). The death of patriotism: Wilfred Owen’s "Dulce et Decorum Est" as an anti-war manifesto. Tarih Kültür Ve Sanat Ara?t?rmalar? Dergisi, 2(2).
https://doi.org/10.7596/taksad.v2i2.227
Akiyoshi, J. (2017). Japanese L2 writers’ self-perceived voice in Haiku poetry and academic
prose. The Journal of Literature in Language Teaching, 6(1), 8–18.
Amadi, G. N., & Paul, A. K. (2017). Influence of student-teacher communication on students’
academic achievement for effective teaching and learning. American Journal of
Educational Research, 5(10), 1102–1107. https://doi.org/10.12691/education-5-10-12
Araujo, A. (2014). Jessie Pope, Wilfred Owen, and the politics of pro patria mori in World War I poetry. Media, War & Conflict, 7(3), 326–341.
https://doi.org/10.1177/1750635214550259
Barber, C. E. (2014). The “Revolution” of the Franco-Prussian War: The aftermath in Western
Europe. Australian Journal of Politics and History, 60(3), 334–345.
https://doi.org/10.1111/ajph.12061
Berelson, B. (1952). Content analysis in communication research. New York: The Free Press.
Bloor, M., & Wood, F. (2006). Keywords in qualitative methods. SAGE Publications Ltd.
https://doi.org/10.4135/9781849209403
Brookhart, S. M. (2010). How to Assess Higher-Order Thinking Skills in your classroom.
https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED512044
Carlisle, A. (2000). Reading logs: An application of reader-response theory in EFL. ELT
Journal, 54(1).
Carroli, P. (2002). Perceptions of literature: A comparison of students’ and educators’ views. In Australian National University: Griffith University (Eds.), Proceedings of the Annual
Conference of the Australian Association for Research in Education (pp. 113–128).
Cook, G. (2000). Language play, language learning. Oxford University Press.
Creswell, J. W., & Clark, V. L. P. (2007). Designing and conducting mixed methods research.
Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 31(4), 388.
Das, S. (Ed.). (2013). The Cambridge companion to the poetry of the First World War.
Cambridge University Press.
Dymoke, S., Lambirth, A., & Wilson, A. (2013). Making poetry matter: International research
on poetry pedagogy. Bloomsbury Academic.
Gani, E. (2014). Kiat Pembacaan Puisi: Teori dan Terapan. Pustaka Reka Cipta.
Gay, L. R., Mills, G. E., & Airasian, P. W. (2011). Educational research: Competencies for
Analysis and Applications. Pearson Education.
Given, Lisa M. (Ed.). (2008). The SAGE Encyclopedia of Qualitative Research Methods: A-L;
Vol. 2, M-Z Index. SAGE.
Erkaya, O. R. (2005). Benefits of using short stories in the EFL context. Asian EFL Journal, 8.
Retrieved from http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED490771.pdf
Furman, R., Coyne, A., & Negi, N. J. (2008). An international experience for social work
students: Self-reflection through poetry and journal writing exercises. Journal of
Teaching in Social Work, 28(1–2), 71–85. https://doi.org/10.1080/08841230802178946
Fussell, P. (1975). The Great War and modern memory. Oxford University Press, USA.
Hamadneh, T. M. S., Radzuwan, A. R., & Ismail, H. H. (2022). The innovative use of hegemonic
masculinity concept in WWI poetry. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and
Change, 16(1), 431-446.
Hanauer, D. I. (2012). Meaningful literacy: Writing poetry in the language classroom. Language
Teaching, 45(1), 105–115.
Hanauer, D. I. (2014). Measuring voice in poetry written by second language learners. SAGE
Journals, 32(1), 66–86. https://doi.org/10.1177/0741088314563023
Iida, A. (2012). Writing Haiku in a second language: Perceptions, attitudes, and emotions of
second language learners. Sino-US English Teaching, 9(9), 1472–1485.
Kent, S. (1999). Gender and Power in Britain 1640-1990. Psychology Press.
Khan, M. S. R., & Alasmari, A. (2018). Literary texts in the EFL classrooms: Applications, benefits and approaches. International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature, 7(5), 167. https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.7n.5p.167
K?rkgöz, Y. (2008). Using poetry as a model for creating English poems. Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies, 4(2), 94–106. https://doi.org/10.17263/jlls.07869
Lacy, N. J. (1972). Thematic structure in the Charrette. L'Esprit Créateur, 12(1), 13-18.
Ladapo, F. O., & Onyeakazi, E. P. (2017). English language learning and development of teen
poetry in contemporary Nigeria. Research on Humanities and Social Sciences, 7(20),
118–129. https://www.iiste.org/Journals/index.php/RHSS/article/view/39475
Langer, J. A. (1995). Envisioning literature: Literary understanding and literature instruction.
Teachers College Press.
Lazar, G. (1993). Literature and language teaching: A guide for teachers and trainers.
Cambridge University Press.
Lazar, G. (1996). Exploring literary texts with the language learner. TESOL Quarterly, 30(4),
773-776. https://doi.org/10.2307/3587934
Llach, M. P. A. (2007a). Lexical errors in young EFL learners: How do they relate to proficiency
measures? Interlinguistica, 17, 63-73.
Maley, A. (2012). Creative Writing for Students and Teachers. Humanising Language Teaching,
14(3). Retrieved from http://old.hltmag.co.uk/jun12/mart01.htm
McRae, J. (1991). Literature with a Small “l.” Macmillan.
Mohaideen, M. S. H., Ismail, H. H., & Rashid, R. A. (2020). The use of local literary texts as
reading materials in English language classrooms: An analysis of teachers’ perspectives.
International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research, 19(11), 127–144.
Norris, R. W. (1995). Getting students more personally involved in their reading and literature
classes: A case study. Fukuoka Women's Junior College Studies.
Olsen, J. (2023). Intersecting Genre: A Skills-based Approach to Creative Writing. Bloomsbury
Academic.
Reisman, A. (2012). Reading like a historian: A document-based history curriculum intervention in urban high schools. Cognition and Instruction, 30(1), 86- 112.
https://doi.org/10.1080/07370008.2011.634081
Sidhu, G. K., Fook, C. Y., & Kaur, S. (2010). Instructional practices in teaching literature:
Observations of ESL classrooms in Malaysia. English Language Teaching, 3(2).
Waluyo, H. J. (1995). Teori dan apresiasi puisi (3rd ed.). Erlangga.
Waluyo, H. J. (2002). Apresiasi puisi: Panduan untuk pelajar dan mahasiswa. Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
World Economic Forum. (2018). The Future of Jobs Report. Retrieved from https://www.weforum.org/publications/the-future-of-jobs-report-2018/
Yavuz, A. (2010). Enhancing creativity in the communicative language classroom through poetry as a literary genre. Dil Dergisi, 149, 64–79. Retrieved from https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=550207
Yuana, M., Huda, M., & Ma’ruf, A. I. A. (2023). Application of learning strategies for writing
poetry based on idols in high school students. In Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research. Proceedings of the International Conference on Learning and
Advanced Education (ICOLAE 2022) (pp. 1256–1274). Atlantis Press.
https://doi.org/10.2991/978-2-38476-086-2_105

(Latiff & Ismail, 2024)
Latiff, N. F. N. A., & Ismail, H. H. (2024). Inner Structure and Poetry Education: An Analysis on Poems by Malaysian ESL Pre-Service Teachers. International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development, 13(3), 485–499.