Journal Screenshot

International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development

Open Access Journal

ISSN: 2226-6348

Readiness of Parents in Deaf Children’s Language Learning: A Qualitative Study

Shahrul Nizam Zaini, Khairul Farhah Khairuddin

http://dx.doi.org/10.6007/IJARPED/v13-i3/22175

Open access

Parents’ role in helping deaf children’s language learning through listening and speaking skills is a family-centred effort. It is used as one of the decisive strategies to achieve the objective of using cochlear implants. This study focuses on parents’ role from the aspect of their involvement in the success of language learning for deaf children who wear cochlear implants. This study was conducted to explore the involvement of parents in helping the language learning of children who have hearing problems and use cochlear implants. A qualitative approach was chosen using a case study design. A total of three pairs of parents were selected to be interviewed. The responses and sharing given by the respondents were analysed descriptively. Descriptive analysis in the study was done using ATLAS.ti version 9 software and has found several themes that play an important role in giving implications to the language learning of deaf children who wear cochlear implants. The findings of the study show that the consistent and meaningful role of parents throughout the rehabilitation period has an impact on the mastery of listening and speaking skills and subsequently improves the learning and language mastery of deaf children who wear cochlear implants. In conclusion, the role taken and played by parents has implications for the language learning of deaf children who wear cochlear implants. Full parental support can help deaf children who wear hearing aids to live like their hearing peers.

Abdullah, N., Othman, B. F., Ahmad, K., Devesahayam, P. R., & Rusli, Y. R. (2022). Perkembangan bahasa dan pertuturan kanak-kanak Melayu pengguna implan koklea di bawah Program Implan Koklea Kebangsaan, Kementerian Kesihatan. Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia, 20(2), 37-50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/JSKM-2022-2001-04
Abdullah, N. A. (2012). Ujian Saringan Pendengaran. Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia. http://www.myhealth.gov.my/ujian-saringan-pendengaran/#:~:text=Ujian saringan pendengaran adalah ujian,semua bayi yang baru lahir.
Alkhatani, B. (2021). Parents’ perspectives on cochlear implantation results for deaf children or children with hearing loss in saudi Arabia. American Annals of the Deaf, 165(5), 510–526. https://doi.org/10.1353/aad.2021.0004
Aloqaili, Y., Arafat, A. S., Almarzoug, A., Alalula, L. S., Hakami, A., Almalki, M., & Alhuwaimel, L. (2019). Knowledge about cochlear implantation: A parental perspective. Cochlear Implants International, 20(2), 74–79. https://doi.org/10.1080/14670100.2018.1548076
Amin, A. S., Ayu, H. M., & Manap, J. (2020). Perkhidmatan sokongan bagi keluarga yang mempunyai anak masalah pembelajaran di luar bandar. Jurnal Psikologi Malaysia, 34(3), 28–41.
Ang, K. H. (2016). Pengenalan Rangka Kerja Metodologi dalam Kajian Penyelidikan?: Satu Kajian Kes Abstrak Introduction to. Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 1(1), 17–24. https://msocialsciences.com/index.php/mjssh/article/view/8/8
Boisvert, I., Reis, M., Au, A., Cowan, R., & Dowell, R. C. (2020). Cochlear implantation outcomes in adults: A scoping review. PLoS ONE, 15(5), 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0232421
Boons, T., De Raeve, L., Langereis, M., Peeraer, L., Wouters, J., & van Wieringen, A. (2013). Expressive vocabulary, morphology, syntax and narrative skills in profoundly deaf children after early cochlear implantation. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 34(6), 2008–2022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2013.03.003
Carlyon, R. P., & Goehring, T. (2021). Cochlear Implant Research and Development in the Twenty-first Century: A Critical Update. JARO - Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology, 22(5), 481–508. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10162-021-00811-5
Castiglione, A., Benatti, A., Girasoli, L., Caserta, E., Montino, S., Pagliaro, M., Bovo, R., & Martini, A. (2015). Cochlear implantation outcomes in older adults. Hearing, Balance and Communication, 13(2), 86–88. https://doi.org/10.3109/13625187.2015.1030885
Dewi, A. A., Yawisah, U., & Siregar, S. (2019). Teaching English to Children With Hearing Impairment: A Case Study in Special School. Pedagogy?: Journal of English Language Teaching, 7(1), 10. https://doi.org/10.32332/pedagogy.v7i1.1430
Diaz, L., Labrell, F., Le Normand, M. T., Guinchat, V., & Dellatolas, G. (2019). School Achievement of Deaf Children Ten Years After Cochlear Implantation. Neuropsychiatrie de l’Enfance et de l’Adolescence, 67(1), 50–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurenf.2018.07.006
Ednin, R. (2012). Penyelidikan tindakan kaedah dan penulisan. Percetakan Advanco Sdn. Bhd.
Rahim, F. (2016). Anak Saya Pelat. Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia. http://www.myhealth.gov.my/anak-saya-pelat/
Friese, S., Soratto, J., & Pires, D. (2018). Carrying out a computer-aided thematic content analysis with ATLAS.ti MMG.
Gagnon, E. B., Eskridge, H., & Brown, K. D. (2020). Pediatric cochlear implant wear time and early language development. Cochlear Implants International, 21(2), 92–97. https://doi.org/10.1080/14670100.2019.1670487
Gale, E. (2020). Collaborating With Deaf Adults in Early Intervention. Young Exceptional Children, 20(10), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1177/1096250620939510
Goh, B. S., Fadzilah, N., Abdullah, A., Othman, B. F., & Umat, C. (2018). Long-term outcomes of Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Cochlear Implant Program among pediatric implantees. International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, 105(2017), 27–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijporl.2017.11.024
Hall, M. L., Hall, W. C., & Caselli, N. K. (2019). Deaf children need language, not (just) speech. First Language, 39(4), 367–395. https://doi.org/10.1177/0142723719834102
Holzinger, D., Dall, M., Sanduvete-Chaves, S., Saldanã, D., Chacón-Moscoso, S., & Fellinger, J. (2020). The impact of family environment on language development of children with cochlear implants: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ear and Hearing, 5(41), 1077–1091. https://doi.org/10.1097/AUD.0000000000000852
Huey, C. J. (2019). Faktor-faktor Berkaitan Dengan Pencapaian Kejayaan Dalam Profesion Perguruan Dua Orang Individu Pekak: Satu Kajian Kes. Proceedings of the International Conference on Special Education, 3, 105–109.
Jasmi, K. A. (2012). Metodologi pengumpulan data dalam penyelidikan kualitatitif. Kursus Penyelidikan Kualitatif Siri 1. http://eprints.utm.my/41091/1/KamarulAzmiJasmi2012_MetodologiPengumpulanDataPenyelidikanKualitatif.pdf
Khairuddin, K. F., & Miles, S. (2020). School staff members members and parents’ experiences of the inclusion of deaf children in Malaysian mainstream schools. Education 3-13, 48(3), 273–287. https://doi.org/10.1080/03004279.2019.1664403
Khairuddin, K.F., Miles, S., & McCracken, W. (2018). Deaf learners’ experiences in Malaysian schools: Access, equality, and communication. Social Inclusion, 6(2), 46–55. https://doi.org/10.17645/si.v6i2.1345
Khasawneh, M. A. S. (2021). Problems Teaching English to Deaf Students. Indonesian Journal of Creative Counseling, 1(2), 32–42.
https://ukinstitute.org/journals/ijcc/article/view/107
Knoors, H., & Marschark, M. (2015). Educating Deaf Learners (H. Knoors & M. Marschark (eds.)). Oxford University Press.
https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190215194.001.0001
Kurz, A., Rak, K., & Hagen, R. (2022). Improved performance with automatic sound management 3 in the MED-EL SONNET 2 cochlear implant audio processor. PLoS ONE, 17(9 September), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0274446
Lally, J. W., Adams, J. K., & Wilkerson, B. J. (2019). The use of cochlear implantation in the elderly. Current Opinion in Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, 27(5), 387–391. https://doi.org/10.1097/MOO.0000000000000569
Lu, X., & Qin, Z. (2018). Auditory and language development in Mandarin-speaking children after cochlear implantation. International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, 107, 183–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijporl.2018.02.006
Mahmood, A. H. (2007). Linguistik fonetik & fonologi bahasa Melayu. Aslita Sdn. Bhd.
Mohamad, K., & Ramli, Z. (2015). Siri Pendidikan Guru: Literasi bahasa Melayu. Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd.
Most, T., Ingber, S., & Heled-ariam, E. (2012). Social competence, sense of loneliness, and speech intelligibility of young children with hearing loss in individual inclusion and group inclusion. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, 17(2), 259–272. https://doi.org/10.1093/deafed/enr049
Naples, J. G., & Ruckenstein, M. J. (2020). Cochlear Implant. Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America, 53(1), 87–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.otc.2019.09.004
Nelson, P. A., Caress, A. L., Glenny, A. M., & Kirk, S. A. (2012). “Doing the ‘Right’ Thing”: How parents experience and manage decision-making for children’s “Normalising” surgeries. Social Science and Medicine, 74(5), 796–804.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.11.024
Nicastri, M., Giallini, I., Amicucci, M., Mariani, L., de Vincentiis, M., Greco, A., Guerzoni, L., Cuda, D., Ruoppolo, G., & Mancini, P. (2021). Variables influencing executive functioning in preschool deaf children implanted within 24 months of age: an observational cohort study. European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, 278(8), 2733–2743. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-020-06343-7
Novialassafitri, S. D. (2020). Penggunaan Koklea Implan Sejak Dini Terhadap Perkembangan Berbahasa Anak Tunarungu?: Sebuah Literatur Review. Jurnal Pendidikan Khusus, 1(1), 1–10. https://ejournal.unesa.ac.id/index.php/jurnal-pendidikan-khusus/article/view/34301/30513
Opoku, M. P., Nketsia, W., Benefo, E. B., & Mprah, W. K. (2022). Understanding the parental experiences of raising deaf children in Ghana. Journal of Family Studies, 28(4), 1235–1254. https://doi.org/10.1080/13229400.2020.1815557
Picou, E. M. (2020). MarkeTrak 10 (MT10) Survey Results Demonstrate High Satisfaction with and Benefits from Hearing Aids. Seminars in Hearing, 41(1), 21–36. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1701243
Purbaningrum, E., & Rofiah, K. (2018). The Impact of Language Skills Guidance on Children With Hearing Impairment Language Development. Advances in Social Science, Education, and Humanities Research, 212, 503–506. https://doi.org/10.2991/icei-18.2018.108
Pusat-HEARS. (2022a). Alat Bantu Dengar. Fakulti Sains Kesihatan. http://www.ukm.my/ihears/ms/alat-bantu-dengar/
Pusat-HEARS. (2022b). Implan Koklea. Fakulti Sains Kesihatan. http://www.ukm.my/ihears/ms/implan-koklea/
Pusat-HEARS. (2022c). Masalah Pendengaran. Fakulti Sains Kesihatan. http://www.ukm.my/ihears/ms/masalah-pendengaran/#tahap
Rahman, N. A. A., & Amin, N. M. (2012). PETAH sebagai alat bantu pembelajaran Bahasa Melayu dalam meningkatkan kemahiran berkomunikasi. International Journal of Modern Languages and Applied Linguistics, 4(2), 62–68.
Renz, S. M., Carrington, J. M., & Badger, T. A. (2018). Two strategies for qualitative content analysis: an intramethod approach to triangulation. Qualitative Health Research, 28(5), 824–831. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732317753586
Rodzi, N. S. M., & Jaafar, S. R. S. (2018). Kajian fonologi kesalahan bunyi dalam bahasa kanak-kanak. Journal of Social Science and Humanities, 13(2), 178–188.
Samsudin, J., Umat, C., Mukari, S. Z. M., & Kar, Q. T. (2017). Pencapaian auditori kanak-kanak pengguna implan koklea di bawah Program Implan Koklea Kebangsaan. Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia, 15(2), 57–70.
Sharma, S. D., Cushing, S. L., Papsin, B. C., & Gordon, K. A. (2020). Hearing and speech benefits of cochlear implantation in children: A review of the literature. International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, 133(July 2019).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijporl.2020.109984
Shauli, S., & Baram-Tsabari, A. (2019). The usefulness of science knowledge for parents of deaf children. Public Understanding of Science, 28(1), 19–37.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0963662518772503
Shukor, N. F. A., Lee, J., Seo, Y. J., & Han, W. (2021). Efficacy of music training in hearing aid and cochlear implant users: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology, 14(1), 15–28.
https://doi.org/10.21053/ceo.2020.00101
Torppa, R., & Huotilainen, M. (2019). Why and how music can be used to rehabilitate and develop speech and language skills in deaf children. Hearing Research, 380, 108–122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heares.2019.06.003
Umat, C., Mukari, S. Z. M., Nordin, N., Annamalay, T., & Othman, B. F. (2018). Mainstream school readiness skills of a group of young cochlear implant users. International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, 107, 69–74.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijporl.2018.01.031
Urík, M., Šikolová, S., Hošnová, D., Kruntorád, V., Bartoš, M., & Jabandžiev, P. (2022). Long-Term Device Satisfaction and Safety after Cochlear Implantation in Children. Journal of Personalized Medicine, 12(8). https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm12081326
Wah, W. K., Azis, M. I., & Ruhaini, R. (2013). Perkembangan Kanak-kanak. Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd.
Walker, E. A., McCreery, R. W., Spratford, M., Oleson, J. J., Van Buren, J., Bentler, R., Roush, P., & Moeller, M. P. (2015). Trends and predictors of longitudinal hearing aid use for children who are hard of hearing. Ear and Hearing, 36, 38S-47S. https://doi.org/10.1097/AUD.0000000000000208
Wiseman, K. B., & Warner-Czyz, A. D. (2018). Inconsistent device use in pediatric cochlear implant users: Prevalence and risk factors. Cochlear Implants International, 19(3), 131–141. https://doi.org/10.1080/14670100.2017.1418161
Yoshinaga-gitano, C., Sedey, A. L., Mason, C. A., Wiggin, M., & Chung, W. (2020). Early Intervention, Parent Talk, and Pragmatic Language in Children With Hearing Loss. Pediatrics, 146(3), 270–277. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2020-0242F
Yoshinaga-Itano, C., Sedey, A. L., Wiggin, M., & Mason, C. A. (2018). Language outcomes improved through early hearing detection and earlier cochlear implantation. Otology and Neurotology, 39(10), 1256–1263.
https://doi.org/10.1097/MAO.0000000000001976
Yusoff, Y. M., Umat, C., & Mukari, S. Z. M. (2017). Profil penerima implan koklea kebangsaan bagi kanak-kanak bermasalah pendengaran pralingual di Malaysia. Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia, 15(2), 153–162.

(Zaini & Khairuddin, 2024)
Zaini, S. N., & Khairuddin, K. F. (2024). Readiness of Parents in Deaf Children’s Language Learning: A Qualitative Study. International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development, 13(3), 1886–1909.