ISSN: 2226-6348
Open access
This study investigates the student experiences and factors influencing teaching and learning quality in Inner Mongolian universities, China. Through a mixed-methods approach combining surveys and interviews, data were collected from a diverse student population across multiple disciplines. The analysis revealed several key findings: students' perceptions of teaching quality were significantly influenced by factors such as faculty expertise, teaching methods, and classroom environment. Similarly, factors affecting learning quality encompassed curriculum design, access to resources, and academic support services. Cultural influences and regional characteristics were also observed to play a role in shaping student experiences. The implications of these findings are discussed in relation to enhancing teaching and learning effectiveness in Inner Mongolian universities, with recommendations for improving pedagogical practices, curriculum development, and support services to promote a more enriching educational environment. A dedicated research team ensures meticulous data collection through well-designed questionnaires by reflecting the distinctive nature of higher education in Inner Mongolia. The study includes 347 students and 336 teachers, employing SPSS for data analysis. Key findings underscore the significance of student-centered approaches, effective teaching strategies, and the alignment of quality assessments with diverse student needs. The research contributes valuable insights for educational institutions and policymakers, emphasizing the importance of supportive learning environments to prepare students for the dynamic global landscape.
Baker, C. D. James Popham (2021). "Theoretical Foundations in Higher Education: Exploring Their Influence on Instructional Practices." Educational Theory and Practice, 38(1), 45-58.
Barnett, R. (2012). The Idea of Quality: Voicing the Education.
Brown, S. P. (2021). "Flexibility and Adaptability in Teaching Style: Meeting Diverse Learning Preferences in Higher Education." Teaching and Learning in Higher Education, 49(3), 163-178.
Campbell, S. M. (2021). "Effective Communication in Higher Education: Examining Its Influence on Student Learning Experience." Communication Studies in Education, 46(4), 215-230.
Chen, J. Hou (2021). Exploring Student Perceptions of Online Learning Quality: A Descriptive Analysis in the Chinese Higher Education Context. Journal of Higher Education Research, 15(3), 45-62.
Chen, J., & Xu, X. (2015). Exploring the impact of socio-economic status on participation in higher education: Evidence from a Chinese study. Studies in Higher Education, 40(5), 794-807.
Chen, L., & Zhong, J. (2018). Statistical methods for reliability analysis of components with multiple competing failure modes. Quality and Reliability Engineering International, 34(7), 1371-1383.
Chen, L., Wang, F., & Zhang, C. (2019). Mining Research Interests in Academic Networks for Scientific Collaboration. In 2019 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining (ASONAM) (pp. 642-645).
Chen, Y., & Feng. (2018). Access to public schools and the education of migrant children in China. China Economics Revolution, 29.
Chen, Y., & Huang, X. (2020). Leveraging SPSS for Effective Data Analysis in Educational Research. Journal of Educational Technology & Society, 23(4), 187-198.
Chen, Y., & Li, J. (2019). Technology Integration and Its Impact on Student Engagement in Chinese Universities. Educational Technology & Society, 22(3), 112-126.
Chen, X., He, Y., & Dong, Q. (2020). Enhancing Critical Thinking in Higher Education: A Review of Pedagogical Innovations and Strategies. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 1519. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01519
Chung, C. (2019). Why do primary school students drop out in poor, rural China? A portrait sketched in a remote mountain village. Journal of Education, 10-12.
Cramer, J. S. (2016). The Study of Income Distribution: An Evolutionary Approach. Cambridge University Press.
Cohen, J., Cohen, P., West, S. G., & Aiken, L. S. (2013). Applied multiple regression/correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences. Routledge.
Cook, T. D., & Campbell, D. T. (2011). Quasi-Experimentation: Design & Analysis Issues for Field Settings. Houghton Mifflin.
Creswell, J. W. (2009). Research Design; Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Methods Approaches. California: SAGE Publications Ltd.
Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2018). Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research. Sage Publications, 5 (2), 21-25.Cross (1999). Students Engagement.
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Determination in Human Behavior. Springer Science & Business Media.
Dello-, L. (2019). . Curriculum reform and ‘quality education in China: An overview. International Journal of Education, 20.
Denzin, N. K. (2005). The Research Act: A Theoretical Introduction to Sociological Methods. AldineTransaction.
Du (2009). Government Evaluates Government itself.
Felder & Brent (2005). Classroom Setting.
Garcia, A. B. (2018). "The Correlation Between Teacher Qualification and Student Engagement in Higher Education." Journal of Student Motivation, 27(2), 78-93.
Garcia, J. E., Brown, J. T., & Hewitt, M. (2018). Gender and the STEM paradox: educational implications and strategies. Educational Policy, 32(1), 53-88.
Hannum, E., & Meiyan, W. (2016). Geography and educational inequality in China. International Journal of Economics, 16-20.
Harvey, L. (April 2004). War of the Worlds: who wins in the battle for quality supremacy? Quality in Higher Education.Heaton-Shrestha (2007). Blended-Learning.
Hertzog, M. A. (2008). Considerations in determining sample size for pilot studies. Research in nursing & health, 31(2), 180-191.
Houston, D. (2018). Rethinking Quality and Improvement in Higher Education. Quality Assurance in Education.
Hu, F. (2017). Migration, remittances, and children’s high school attendance: The case of rural China. International Journal of Education, 32.
ICT in Education: A Critical Literature Review and Its Implications. (2013). International Journal of Education and Development using Information and Communication Technology.
Ingersoll, Richard M. (2001). “Teacher Turnover and Teacher Shortages: An Organizational Analysis.” American Educational Research Journal 38, no. 3: 499–534. https://doi.org/10.3102/00028312038003499.
Jia, Q., & Ericson, D. (2017). Equity and access to higher education in China: Lessons from Hunan province for university admissions policy. International Journal of Education, 44-50.
Dewey, J. (1904). The Relation of Theory to Practice in Education.
Johnson, A. C., & Williams, J. L. (2020). Scholarships and enrollment of underrepresented students in higher education: Evidence from a statewide program. Journal of Higher Education, 91(3), 444-467.
Johnson, C. D. (2020). "The Influence of Academic Degrees on Teaching Quality: A Comparative Study in Higher Education." Higher Education Studies, 38(3), 189-204.
Johnson, C. D. (2021). "Clear and Well-Structured Course Materials: Facilitating Student Comprehension and Learning in Higher Education." Course Design and Structure, 44(2), 97-112.
Johnson, D. W., & Johnson, R. T. (1999). Making Cooperative Learning Work. Theory Into Practice, 38(2), 67-73.
Johnson, L. R. (2019). "Integrating Real-Life Examples and Applications into Teaching: Enhancing Student Understanding in Higher Education." Real-World Education, 43(4), 213-228.
Johnson, R. A. (1999). Understanding multivariate analysis. Duxbury Press.
Johnson, R. (2020). The skills that matter most in the job market. Harvard Business Review. Retrieved from https://hbr.org/2020/06/the-skills-that-matter-most-in-the-job-market
Launch of the UN Sustainable Development Goals. (2016). Retrieved from the United Nations.
Lawton, & Gordon. (1993). Advanced-Degree Granting Program.
Lee, J. J., Kye, B. R., & Curs, B. R. (2019). The Benefits of Diversity: Using Literature to Support Representational Diversity in Science Education. Science & Education, 28(7-8), 849-866.
Lee, M. D., & Schall, J. D. (2011). An attentional resource allocation model of the Stroop task. Cognitive Psychology, 33(3), 186-222.
Li, M., & Yang, R. (2018). Interrogating institutionalized establishments: Urban–rural inequalities in China’s higher education. Asia Pacific Revolution, 98.
Li, M., & Wang, Y. (2019). Assessing the reliability and validity of a survey instrument in educational research. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 1180.
Li, Q., & Bray, H. (2017). Cultural factors influencing teaching practices in higher education: A case study in China. Higher Education Research & Development, 36(6), 1155-1169.
Li, W. Zhang (2022). Family background, financial constraints and higher education attendance in China. Economic Education Revolution, 33.
Li, X., & Chen, H. (2019). Blended Learning in Higher Education: A Comparative Study of Online and Face-to-Face Learning Environments. Journal of Educational Technology & Society, 22(2), 213-223.
Liang, Z., & Zheng, M. (2017). Curriculum Design for Enhancing Learning Experiences in Chinese Higher Education. Curriculum Journal, 28(1), 89-104.
Liu, J., & Bray, M. (2017). Determinants of demand for private supplementary tutoring in China: Findings from a national survey. Journal of Economics.
Liu, X. (2019). Enhancing Research through Descriptive Statistics: An Examination of Teaching Quality in Chinese Universities. Educational Research Quarterly, 43(2), 189-204.
Liu, X., & Wu, Q. (2018). Assessing Learning Outcomes in Chinese Higher Education: Challenges and Strategies. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 43(4), 587-603.
Li, Y., & Zhang, H. (2022). Quantitative Analysis and Evidence-Based Decision-Making in Higher Education: A Comparative Study of Chinese Universities. Higher Education Studies, 8(1), 78-92.
Martin, M. H. (2021). "Encouraging Creativity and Critical Thinking Skills: Fostering Innovation in Higher Education." Innovation in Teaching and Learning, 52(3), 145-160.
Magnani, E., & Zhu, R. (2015). Social mobility and inequality in urban China: Understanding the role of intergenerational transmission of education. Journal of Applied Education, 39-41.
Maria. (2017). Teachers’ and students’ perspectives on teaching and learning through virtual learning environments. European Journal of Engineering Education.
Mitchell, L. P. (2019). "Subject Matter Expertise and Content Delivery: Implications for Higher Education." Journal of Pedagogical Content Knowledge, 36(2), 109-124.
Ministry of Education. (2004, May 30). 2003–2007 Action Plan for Invigorating Education. Retrieved from http://www.moe.edu.cn/publicfiles/business/ htmlfiles/moe/moe_177/200407/2488.html.
Norman, G. (2010). Likert scales, levels of measurement and the "laws" of statistics. Advances in Health Sciences Education, 15(5), 625-632.
Norušis, M. J. (2018). IBM SPSS Statistics 25 Step by Step: A Simple Guide and Reference. Routledge.
OECD. (2016). Education in China; A Snapshot. OECD.
O’ Sullivan. (2019). Challenges for teachers and students.
Pallant, J. (2020). SPSS survival manual (7th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.
Pallant, J. (2021). SPSS Survival Manual: A Step by Step Guide to Data Analysis Using IBM SPSS. Allen & Unwin.
Parker, E. J. (2022). "Providing Timely and Constructive Feedback on Assessments: Promoting Student Learning and Growth in Higher Education." Assessment and Feedback Journal, 54(1), 29-44.
Parker, M. G. (2020). "Continuous Professional Development and Its Impact on Teaching Quality in Higher Education." Professional Development in Education, 47(3), 155-168.
Parker, M. G. (2022). "Promoting Interdisciplinary Learning Opportunities: Enhancing Students' Ability to Make Connections Across Different Subjects in Higher Education." Interdisciplinary Studies in Education, 52(4), 219-234.
Parker, M. K. (2019). "Teacher Support and Accessibility: Their Influence on Students' Learning Experience in Higher Education." Journal of Student Support Services, 38(3), 185-200.
Patel, R. K. (2019). "Adapting to Diverse Learning Needs: An Examination of Experienced Teachers in Higher Education." Diversity in Education, 34(3), 173-188.
Patel, R. K. (2019). "Incorporating Real-World Applications and Case Studies into Teaching: Bridging the Gap Between Theory and Practice in Higher Education." Real-World Learning Review, 47(2), 97-112.
Pernet, C. R., Wilcox, R., & Rousselet, G. A. (2013). Robust correlation analyses: false positive and power validation using a new open-source Matlab toolbox. Frontiers in Psychology, 3, 606.
Roberts, E. T. (2021). "Cultural Sensitivity and Inclusivity in Teaching: Their Contribution to a Diverse and Multicultural Learning Environment in Higher Education." Diversity in Higher Education, 51(3), 137-152
Roberts, E. T. (2022). "Diversity in Academia: Exploring the Contribution of Varied Academic Backgrounds to Higher Education Quality." Diversity in Higher Education, 49(1), 33-46.
Rodriguez, R. M., & Martinez, M. G. (2018). Demographic Predictors of STEM Career Aspirations and Persistence: A Comparison of Trends Among U.S. High School Seniors. Journal of Women and Minorities in Science and Engineering, 24(3), 227-245.
Royston, P. (1992). A toolkit for testing non-normality in complete and censored samples. The Statistician, 41(4), 497-502.
Seale, C. (1999). The Quality of Qualitative Research. Journal of the Sage.
Smith, A., & Jones, B. (2017). Field of Degree and Earnings Profiles: The Case of 33 Academic Disciplines. American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 9(1), 33-62.
Smith, A. B. (2019). "Active Student Participation and Engagement in Classroom Discussions: Enhancing the Quality of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education." Interactive Pedagogy Journal, 39(3), 173-188.
Smith, A. B., & Johnson, C. D. (2018). Environmental Factors and Consumer Behavior: A Multiple Regression Analysis. Journal of Environmental Economics, 45(3), 321-340.
Smith, J., & Johnson, R. (2017). Higher education access and equity for underrepresented groups: Examining the role of policy and practice. Review of Research in Education, 41(1), 214-235.
Smith, A. (2019). The Importance of Professional Development in the Workplace. Harvard Business Review,10(2), 32-45.
Smith, A. B. (2021). "The Impact of Teacher Qualifications on Learning Outcomes in Higher Education." Journal of Educational Research, 45(2), 123-136.
Smith, J. R. (2020). "Teacher Engagement in Co-Curricular Activities and Its Impact on Student Development in Higher Education." Journal of Student Affairs, 37(4), 189-204.
Solmaz, Khosravi, & Gianluca. (2018). Evaluating the Quality of Learning Resources: A Learner Sourcing Approach. Journal of Education, 25.
Stevens, J. P. (2018). Applied Multivariate Statistics for the Social Sciences. Routledge.
Streeting & Wise (2009) Power is Regarded as Relational, Dynamic and Ever-Shifting in the Community of Practice Models. p.5
Srikanthan, & Dalrymple. (2005). Advanced Model.
Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2019). Using Multivariate Statistics. Pearson.
Tang, Q. (2018). A Guide for ensuring inclusion and equity in education.
Taylor, R. C. (2020). "Fostering Collaboration and Teamwork Among Students: Enhancing the Learning Experience in Higher Education." Journal of Collaborative Learning, 46(2), 77-92.
Teare, M. D., & Barrett, J. H. (2012). Genetic linkage studies. The Lancet, 380(9855), 1913-1914.
The World Bank. (2021, September). School enrollment, tertiary (% gross). Retrieved from https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SE.TER.ENRR.
Thompson, L. M. (2020). "Empathy and Understanding towards Students' Challenges: Their Contribution to a Supportive Learning Environment in Higher Education." Journal of Student Well-being, 49(1), 45-60.
Thompson, L. M. (2021). "Teaching Experience and Its Relationship to Quality Education in Higher Institutions." Journal of Higher Education Effectiveness, 52(1), 67-80.
Teichler. (2007). Functional Variations in Higher Education Sector.
Trochim, W. M., & Donnelly, J. P. (2008). The Research Methods Knowledge Base (3rd ed.). Cengage.
Tung, F. (2016). Does Transformational, Ambidextrous, Transactional Leadership Promote Employee Crea-tivity? Mediating Effects of Empowerment and Promotion Focus. International Journal of Manpower.
Turner, E. G. (2019). "Staying Updated with Current Trends and Developments in Higher Education: Its Relevance to Education Quality." Journal of Educational Trends, 48(1), 53-68.
Turner, H. G. (2019). "Teacher-Student Interaction and Its Contribution to the Quality of Higher Education." Interactive Learning Environments, 43(2), 89-104.
Turner, H. S. (2018). "Creating Opportunities for Collaborative Learning and Peer-to-Peer Interaction: Fostering a Sense of Community and Teamwork in Higher Education." Collaborative Learning Journal, 45(1), 41-56.
Turner, H. S. (2020). "Classroom Management in Higher Education: The Role of Teaching Experience." Journal of Classroom Practices, 50(4), 209-224.
Ulrich. (2019). The Quest for Competence in Systemic Research and Practice. Systems Research and Behavioral Science, 25(7), 35-38.
UNESCO. (2013). Interdisciplinary Teaching and Learning in Higher Education: Theory and Practice. UNESCO Publishing.
Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in Society: The Development of Higher Psychological Processes. Harvard University Press.
Wang, C., & Hu, K. (2016). Faculty Competence and Its Influence on Teaching Quality: Perceptions from Chinese University Students. Teaching in Higher Education, 21(5), 568-584.
Wang, J., & Jang, W. (2016). Educational inequality among Chinese urban schools: The business ethics of private schools. Asia Pacific Revolution, 15.
Wang, Q., & Li, W. (2020). The Role of Descriptive Statistics in Quantitative Educational Research: Insights from the Chinese Higher Education Context. International Journal of Educational Research, 78, 45-59.
Wang, X., & Chen, S. (2014). Socio-economic status and student achievement in China: A review. Research in Comparative and International Education, 9(4), 516-536.
Warner, R. M. (2013). Applied Statistics: From Bivariate Through Multivariate Techniques. Sage Publications.
Wei, X., & Chen, Q. (2021). Exploring the utilization of statistical software in educational research. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange, 14(1), 13-26.
White, E. D. (2020). "Enthusiasm and Passion in Teaching: Their Role in Higher Learning Outcomes." Journal of Educational Psychology, 51(1), 28-42.
Wu, H., & Li, C. (2018). The Application of SPSS in Educational Research: A Comprehensive Review. International Journal of Research & Method in Education, 41(4), 393-412.
Wu, X. (2019). The household registration system and rural-urban educational inequality in contemporary China. China Social Revolution, 18.
Wu, X. (2011). Geographic differences in faculty teaching involvement in Chinese research universities. Asia Pacific Journal of Education, 31(2), 207-220.
Wu, Y., Li, Y., & Yang, S. (2017). Statistical analysis in interdisciplinary research: A review of challenges and strategies. Interdisciplinary Science Reviews, 42(2), 175-191.
Yang, X., Liu, Z., & Wang, H. (2020). Statistical methods for higher education research: A comprehensive review. Studies in Higher Education, 45(5), 943-961.
Yi, H., Zhang, L., & Chen, X. (2018). Why are students leaving junior high in China ‘s poor rural areas? International Journal of Education, 25-30.
Zenaw, & Willem. (2017). Student learning experience as an indicator. Journal of Global higher education.
Zhang, L., & Wang, H. (2020). Enhancing Teaching Quality through Faculty Development in Chinese Higher Education. Journal of Higher Education Research, 45(2), 123-140.
Zhang, W., & Liu, N. (2008). Administrators' role and influence on curriculum reform in higher education in China. Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management, 30(4), 367-382.
Zhang, X., & Kehoe, J. (2017). The Relationship Between Class Size and Online Student Engagement. Online Learning, 21(4), 155-166. doi:10.24059/olj. v21i4.1220.
Zhang, Y., & Wang, L. (2019). Enhancing Research Validity and Reliability through SPSS: A Practical Guide. Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice, 19(4), 89-103.
Zhang, Y., & Xie, Y. (2016). Family Background, Private Tutoring, and Children’s Educational Performance in Contemporary China. Journal of Social Economics.
Zou, G. Y., & Donner, A. (2006). Extension of the modified Poisson regression model to prospective studies with correlated binary data. Statistical Methods in Medical Research, 15(1), 47-62.
Balakrishnan, K., & Ramasamy, A. (2024). Exploring Student Experiences and Factors Influencing Teaching and Learning Quality in Inner Mongolian Universities, China. International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development, 13(3), 5212–5233.
Copyright: © 2024 The Author(s)
Published by HRMARS (www.hrmars.com)
This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) license. Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article (for both commercial and non-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. The full terms of this license may be seen at: http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode