Journal Screenshot

International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development

Open Access Journal

ISSN: 2226-6348

Negative Implications of Workload among Teachers: A Systematic Literature Review

Muhammad Haniff Syauqi Abdullah, Nurulhuda Md Hassan

http://dx.doi.org/10.6007/IJARPED/v13-i3/22193

Open access

The education system at the school level frequently undergoes changes to ensure the delivery of more pertinent and efficient education. Subsequently, it was seen that these changes significantly affected the workload of teachers, resulting in numerous adverse consequences that could jeopardize their emotional, physical, and professional well-being. Indeed, the escalating volume of labor on a daily basis has the potential to erode the morale of an instructor, while also compromising the quality and efficacy of an education system. This study used a research methodology known as a Systematic Literature Review, with the objective of identifying the adverse consequences of a teacher's workload. A total of 30 papers were chosen from both domestic and international sources, utilizing three primary database search engines: Scopus, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. The selection process followed the PRISMA approach. The researcher has conducted a thorough literature analysis and has categorized the consequences of workload into three primary areas: health, professional advancement, and everyday life management. This study aims to enhance educators' understanding that a substantial workload might lead to diverse detrimental effects on them.

Abd Kaiyom, S., Abdul Rahman, R., & Wan Mustaffa, W. S. (2021). The Effect of Workload, Supervisor Support and Co-Workers Support on Work Engagement among Teachers. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 11(8), 1633–1647. https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v11-i8/10878
Al Ayubi, S. A., Manshor, R., & Md Saad, M. N. (2021). Determinants of Psychological Work Environment Among School Teacher in Malaysia. Asian Social Science and Humanities Research Journal (ASHREJ), 3(1), 31–41. https://doi.org/10.37698/ashrej.v3i1.61
Carroll, A., Forrest, K., Sanders-O’Connor, E., Flynn, L., Bower, J. M., Fynes-Clinton, S., York, A., & Ziaei, M. (2022). Teacher stress and burnout in Australia: examining the role of intrapersonal and environmental factors. Social Psychology of Education, 25, 441–469. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11218-022-09686-7
Cayupe, J. C., Bernedo-Moreira, D. H., Morales-Garcia, W. C., Alcaraz, F. L., Pena, K. B. C., Saintila, J., & Flores-Paredes, A. (2023). Self-efficacy, organizational commitment, workload as predictors of life satisfaction in elementary school teachers: the mediating role of job satisfaction. Frontiers in Psychology, 14(1066321). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1066321
Dewey, A., & Drahota, A. (2016). Introduction to systematic reviews: online learning module Cochrane Training.
Gavin, M., & McGrath-Champ, S. (2024a). Teacher workload and the organisation of work: a research agenda for a post-pandemic future. Labour & Industry. https://doi.org/10.1080/10301763.2024.2357891
Gavin, M., & McGrath-Champ, S. (2024b). Teacher workload and the organisation of work: a research agenda for a post-pandemic future. Labour & Industry. https://doi.org/10.1080/10301763.2024.2357891
Gul, R., Tahir, T., Ishfaq, U., & Batool, T. (2021). Impact of Teachers’ Workload on Their Time Management Skills at University Level. Indian Journal of Economics and Business, 20(3). http://www.ashwinanokha.com/IJEB.php
Hashem, R., Ali, N., Zein, F. E, Fidalgo, P., & Khurma, O. A. (2024). AI to the rescue: Exploring the potential of ChatGPT as a teacher ally for workload relief and burnout prevention. Research and Practice in Technology Enhanced Learning, 19(23). https://doi.org/10.58459/rptel.2024.19023
Hojo, M. (2021). Association between student-teacher ratio and teachers’ working hours and workload stress: evidence from a nationwide survey in Japan. BMC Public Health, 21(1635). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-11677-w
Jain, J., Luaran, J., & Panayachi, S. (2023). Challenges and Issues of Flipping Humanities Lessons: Investigating Teachers’ Experiences in a Malaysian International School. Asia-Pacific Journal of Futures in Education and Society (APJFES), 2(1), 23–41. https://doi.org/10.58946/apjfes-2.1.p2
Jomuad, P. D., Antiquina, L. M., Cericos, E. U., Bacus, J. A., Vallejo, J. H., Dionio, B. B., Bazar, J. S., Cocolan, J. V, & Clarin, A. S. (2021). Teachers’ workload in relation to burnout and work performance. International Journal of Educational Policy Research and Review, 8(2), 48–53. https://doi.org/10.15739/IJEPRR.21.007
Khan, Z., Asadullah, I. M., Hussain, J., & Azeem, M. (2022). The Impact of Salary Job Security and Workload on Teachers Satisfaction in Private Schools. Journal of Policy Research, 8(3), 278–280. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7269434
Magalong, A. A., & Torreon, L. C. (2021). Teaching Workload Management: Its Impact To Teachers’ Wellbeing And Effectiveness. American Journal of Multidisciplinary Research & Development (AJMRD), 3(02), 31–36. www.ajmrd.com
Mary, A. F., & Sethupathy, K. (2024). Study On The Effects Of Workload On Teachers’ Self-Efficacy, And Well-Being In The University. Journal Impact Factor , 76(1). https://www.yugato.org/
Mohzana, R. T., M., Purbha, S. B., Ramli, A., & Malini, L. F. (2023). The Influence of Workload, Demographic Factors and Hardiness on Teachers’ Work Stress. Journal on Education, 05(04), 15631–15636.
Nuwaha, W., Atukunda, G., & Kyayemagye, F. (2023). The Relationship between Workload and Teachers Effectiveness in Secondary Schools: A Case of Uganda. East African Journal of Education Studies, 6(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.37284/eajes.6.1.1035
Nyoto, S., Priyono, S., & Renaldo, N. (2023). Emotional Intelligence, Workload, and Cyberloafing on Organizational Commitment and Performance of Teachers at the Pelalawan High School Level. Journal of Applied Business and Technology, 4(2), 134–143. https://doi.org/10.35145/jabt.v4i2.129
Ortan, F., Simut, C., & Simut, R. (2021). Self-efficacy, job satisfaction and teacher well-being in the K-12 educational system. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(12763). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182312763
Pacaol, N. (2021). Teacher’s Workload Intensification: A Qualitative Case Study Of Its Implications On Teaching Quality. International Online Journal of Education and Teaching (IOJET), 8(1), 43–60. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7724-7795
Pajung, K. K. M., Soemarto, & Setiawan, A. (2018). Workload self-evaluation base on expert system for vocational teacher. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 434(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/434/1/012252
Pan, H. L. W., Chung, C. H., & Lin, Y. C. (2023). Exploring the Predictors of Teacher Well-Being: An Analysis of Teacher Training Preparedness, Autonomy, and Workload. Sustainability, 15(5804). https://doi.org/10.3390/su15075804
Purnairawan, R. E., & Janah, S. M. (2022). Hubungan Beban Kerja dengan Kompetensi Sosial Guru Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Al-Ma’had An-Nur. Nusantara: Jurnal Pendidikan Indonesia, 2(1), 71–86. https://doi.org/10.14421/njpi.2022.v2i1-5
Purssell, E., & McCrae, N. (2020). How to Perform a Systematic Literature Review. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49672-2
Puspitasari, D. R., Suharto, N., Supiani, S. I., Pribadi, L. A., Lase, D. R., & Sari, H. P. (2024). Influence Of Quality Of Work Life, Organizational Culture And Workload On Teacher Performance. International Journal Of Humanities Education And Social Sciences (IJHESS) , 3(4), 2091–2104. https://ijhess.com/index.php/ijhess/
Rashid, S., Abdul Subhan, Q., & Imran, M. (2022). Impact of Work Life Balance, Workload and Supervisory Support on Teachers’ Job Performance with Mediating Role of Stress: A Case of Private Institutions. International Journal of Business and Management Sciences (IJBMS), 03(01). http://www.ijbms.org
Sabudin, G., & Halim, L. (2020). Kajian sistematik: Pendekatan pengajaran dan impak khazanah pengetahuan dalam pembelajaran sains. JURNAL PENDIDIKAN SAINS & MATEMATIK MALAYSIA, 10(1).
Saks, K., Hunt, P., Leijen, A., & Lepp, L. (2022). To Stay Or Not To Stay: An Empirical Model For Predicting Teacher Persistence. British Journal of Educational Studies, 70(6), 693–717. https://doi.org/10.1080/00071005.2021.2004995
Samsuddin, S. J., Ali, M., Ismail, A., Omar, M. S., & Nordin, M. N. (2021). Elements Of Work Type In The Construct Of Special Education Teacher Workload In Malaysia. Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education, 12(11), 5259–5263.
Schellings, G., Koopman, M., Beijaard, D., & Mommers, J. (2023). Constructing configurations to capture the complexity and uniqueness of beginning teachers’ professional identity. European Journal of Teacher Education, 46(3), 372–396. https://doi.org/10.1080/02619768.2021.1905793
Sierra-Correa, P. C., & Cantera Kintz, J. R. (2015). Ecosystem-based adaptation for improving coastal planning for sea-level rise: A systematic review for mangrove coasts. Marine Policy, 51, 385–393. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2014.09.013
Slamet, E. E. K., P., K., Agustina, S., & Wijaya, P. D. (2023). The Interplay of Teacher Workload, Student Achievement, and Buddhist Philosophy in Shaping Educational and Business Connections within Science and Technology. Journal of Management and Social Sciences (JIMAS), 2(4), 330–339. https://doi.org/10.55606/jimas.v2i4.1119
Spicksley, K. (2022). Hard work / workload: discursive constructions of teacher work in policy and practice. Teachers and Teaching, 28(5), 517–532. https://doi.org/10.1080/13540602.2022.2062741
Supriyanto, N., Lian, B., & Kesumawati, N. (2022). Effect of Work Stress and Workload on Teacher’s Performance. JMKSP Jurnal Manajemen, Kepemimpinan, Dan Supervisi Pendidikan (JMKSP), 7(2), 819–829.
Toropova, A., Myrberg, E., & Johansson, S. (2021). Teacher job satisfaction: the importance of school working conditions and teacher characteristics. Educational Review, 73(1), 71–97. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131911.2019.1705247
Wang, Y. (2024). Exploring the impact of workload, organizational support, and work engagement on teachers’ psychological wellbeing: a structural equation modeling approach. Frontiers in Psychology, 14(1345740). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1345740
Zang, N., Cao, H., Zhou, N., Jiang, L., & Li, B. (2022). Job load, job stress, and job exhaustion among Chinese junior middle school teachers: Job satisfaction as a mediator and teacher’s role as a moderator. Social Psychology of Education, 25, 1003–1030. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11218-022-09719-1
Zhang, X., Guo, J., Ma, L., Xu, R., Wang, J., Yang, Y., & Shen, H. (2023). Teacher Stress Among Public Primary And Secondary Schoolteachers In Datong, A City Of Shanxi Province, China: Association Between Teacher Stress And Standardized Workload. International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, 36(2), 161–176. https://doi.org/10.13075/ijomeh.1896.01948

(Abdullah & Hassan, 2024)
Abdullah, M. H. S., & Hassan, N. M. (2024). Negative Implications of Workload among Teachers: A Systematic Literature Review. International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development, 13(3), 2515–2527.